ζυγόν: Difference between revisions

|Definition=τό, also ζυγός, ὁ, (in various senses), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">h.Cer.</span>217</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ti.</span>63b</span>, <span class="bibl">Theoc.30.29</span>, <span class="bibl">LXX<span class="title">Ge.</span>27.40</span>, al., <span class="bibl">Plb.4.82.2</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Matt.</span>11.29</span>, <span class="bibl">Jul.<span class="title">Or.</span>5.173a</span>, etc.: rarely in plural, <span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> ζυγοί <span class="bibl">LXX<span class="title">Pr.</span>11.1</span>, Sch.<span class="bibl">Th.1.29</span>: Delph. δυγός ([[quod vide|q.v.]]). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">I</span> [[yoke]] of a plough or carriage, ζ. ἵππειον <span class="bibl">Il.5.799</span>, <span class="bibl">23.392</span>; ὑπὸ ζυγὸν ἤγαγεν ἵππους <span class="bibl">5.731</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Od.3.383</span>; ἐπὶ ζυγὸν αὐχένι θεῖναι βουσί <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span>815</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">581</span>; <b class="b3">ὑπὸ ζυγόφιν</b> (i.e. [[ζυγοῦ]]) λύον ἵππους <span class="bibl">Il.24.576</span>: [[proverb|prov.]], <b class="b3">τὸν αὐτὸν ἕλκειν ζ</b>. 'to be in the same boat', <span class="bibl">Aristaenet.2.7</span>, <span class="bibl">Zen.3.43</span>; ταὔτ' ἐμοὶ ζ. τρίβεις <span class="bibl">Herod.6.12</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> metaph., ἐπὶ ζυγὸς αὐχένι κεῖται <span class="bibl"><span class="title">h.Cer.</span>217</span>; ἐχθροῖσιν ὑπὸ ζυγὸν αὐχένα θήσω <span class="bibl">Thgn.1023</span>; <b class="b3">ἐπαυχένιον λαβεῖν ζ</b>. <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>2.93</span>; <b class="b3">δούλιον ζ</b>. [[the yoke]] of slavery, <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.8</span>.γ, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Th.</span>75</span> (pl.), <span class="bibl">471</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">δουλείας, ἀνάγκης ζ</b>., <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>944</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Or.</span>1330</span>; ὑπὸ ζυγῷ λόφον δικαίως εἶχον <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>291</span>; <b class="b3">ἐπιτιθέναι τινὶ ζυγὰ τοῦ μὴ</b>… so as to prevent... <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>3.1.27</span>; ζυγῷ ζυγῆναι <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>508a</span>; ἄγειν ὑπὸ τὸν ζ. τινάς <span class="bibl">Plb.4.82.2</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">D.H.3.22</span>; ὑπὸ τὸν ζ. ὑπαγαγεῖν D.C.<span class="title">Fr.</span>36.10; ζυγὸν ὑποστῆναι <span class="bibl">D.H.10.20</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> [[crossbar]] of the [[φόρμιγξ]], <span class="bibl">Il.9.187</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> ζυγὸς ἡ τῆς ἀμπέλου πρὸς τὴν χάρακα συζυγία <span class="title">Gp.</span>5.29.6. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">III</span> in plural, [[thwarts]] or [[benches joining]] the opposite sides of a ship, <span class="bibl">Od.9.99</span>, <span class="bibl">13.21</span>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.96</span>: rarely in sg., θοὸν εἰρεσίας ζυγόν <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>249</span> (lyr.): metaph., of the seat of authority compared to the helmsman's seat, ἐς τὸ πρῶτον πόλεος ζ. <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ion</span>595</span>; ἐπεὶ δ' ἐπὶ ζυγοῖς καθέζετ' ἀρχῆς <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ph.</span>74</span>; <b class="b3">σὺ ταῦτα φωνεῖς νερτέρᾳ προσήμενος κώπῃ, κρατούντων τῶν ἐπὶ ζυγῷ δορός</b>; while on the [[main thwart]] sits authority, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>1618</span>; also of a coachman's [[seat]], [[box]], PMasp.303.15 (vi A.D.). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> in plural, [[panels]] of a door, <span class="title">IG</span>12.372.199,22.1457.14,1672.155; cf. [[ζευγίον]]. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">IV</span> [[beam of the balance]], ζυγὸν ταλάντου <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Supp.</span>822</span> (lyr.), cf. <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Mech.</span>850a4</span>: hence, [[the balance itself]] (cf. [[πῆχυς]] IV), αἴρειν τὸν ζυγόν <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ti.</span>63b</span>; <b class="b3">ἐν πλάστιγγι</b> ζυγοῦ κεῖσθαι <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">R.</span>55o</span>e; [[ζυγῷ]] or <b class="b3">ἐν τῷ ζ. ἱστάναι</b>, <span class="bibl">Lys.10.18</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl. <span class="title">Prt.</span>356b</span>; ζυγὸν ἱστάναι <span class="bibl">D.<span class="title">Prooem.</span>55</span>: in plural, <span class="bibl">Id.25.46</span>, <span class="title">SIG</span>975.39 (Delos, iii B.C.): [[proverb|prov.]], ζ. μὴ ὑπερβαίνειν Pythag. ap. <span class="bibl">D.L.8.18</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">b</span> the constellation <span class="title">Libra</span>, <span class="bibl">Hipparch.3.1.5</span>, <span class="bibl">Ph.1.28</span>, <span class="bibl">Man.2.137</span>, etc.; ζ. Ἀφροδίτης <span class="bibl">Porph.<span class="title">Antr.</span>22</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">V</span> [[καρχασίου]] the [[yard-arm]] at the mast head, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">N.</span>5.51</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Ach.Tat.5.16</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">VI</span> [[cross-strap]] of a sandal, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Lys.</span>417</span>, <span class="bibl">Poll.7.81</span>; [[ζυγός]], [[ὁ]], Phot. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">VII</span> [[pair]], <b class="b3">κλεινὸν ζυγόν</b>, of persons, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hel.</span>392</span>; <b class="b3">κατὰ ζυγά</b> in [[pairs]], <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">HA</span>544a5</span>, <span class="bibl">Theoc.13.32</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">VIII</span> [[rank]] or [[line]] of soldiers, opp. [[file]] (στοῖχος), ἐν τῷ πρώτῳ ζ. ἐμάχοντο τέσσαρες <span class="bibl">Th.5.68</span>; ὁ ζυγός <span class="bibl">Polyaen.4.4.3</span> (τὰ ζυγά <span class="bibl">2.10.4</span>); <b class="b3">κατὰ ζυγόν</b> [[line with line]], <span class="bibl">Plb.1.45.9</span>; κατ' ἄνδρα καὶ ζ. <span class="bibl">Id.3.81.2</span>; esp. [[front rank]], <span class="bibl">Ael.<span class="title">Tact.</span>7.1</span>, <span class="bibl">Arr.<span class="title">Tact.</span>8.1</span>; also of the Chorus, <span class="bibl">Poll.4.108</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">IX</span> <b class="b3">ζυγὰ ἢ ἄζυγα</b> [[even]] or odd, a game, Sch.<span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Pl.</span>817</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">X</span> measure of land, <span class="title">SIG</span>963.13 (Amorgos, iv B.C.).</span>

|elnltext=ζυγόν -οῦ, τό en ζυγός, ὁ [ζεύγνυμι] ep. dat. ζυγόφι(ν ) juk:; ὑπὸ δὲ ζυγὸν ἤγαγεν ὠκέας ἵππους hij bracht de snelle paarden onder het juk Il. 23.294; ὑπὸ ζυγόφι ( ν ) onder het juk Il. 19.404; overdr.. οὐδ ’ ὑπὸ ζυγῷ λόφον δικαίως εἶχον zij hielden hun nek niet onder het juk (van het bestuur), zoals het recht vraagt Soph. Ant. 291; βύβλινον ζ. een juk van papyrus, (een brug met kabels van papyrus) Hdt. 8.20; δούλιον ζ. juk van de slavernij Hdt. 7.8.γ3. span, paar:; κλεινὸν ζυγόν een beroemd tweetal Eur. Hel. 392; milit.. ἐν τῷ πρώτῳ ζυγῷ in het eerste gelid Thuc. 5.68.3. alg. overdr. van een dwarsverbinding kam (dwarshout dat de beide armen van de citer met elkaar verbindt):. ἀργύρεον ζύγον een kam van zilver Il. 9.187. riempje (van een sandaal):; τὸ δακτυλίδιον πιέζει τὸ ζυγόν het riempje brengt mijn teentje in de knel Aristoph. Lys. 417; overdr. band:. τιμιωτέρῳ ζυγῷ ἐζύγησαν ze werden door een kostbaarder band verbonden Plat. Resp. 508a. dwarsstang:; ζυγὸν ταλάντου dwarsstang van de weegschaal Aeschl. Suppl. 822; uitbr. weegschaal:. ζυγῷ ἱστάναι wegen Lys. 10.18. ra (dwarsbalk aan de mast v. e. schip). Pind. roeibank:; εἰρεσίας ζυγὸν ἕζεσθαι op de roeibank gaan zitten Soph. Ai. 249; meestal plur..; ὑπὸ ζυγὰ δῆσα ἐρύσσας ik sleepte ze onder de roeibanken en bond ze vast Od. 9.99; overdr.. ἐπὶ ζυγοῖς καθέζετ ’ ἀρχῆς hij zat op de zetel van de macht Eur. Ion 595; τὸ πρῶτον πόλεως ζυγόν de eerste positie in de stad Eur. Phoen. 74.

|etymtx=Grammatical information: n.<br />Meaning: [[yoke]] (Il.), also metaph., e. g. of a cross-wood, of the rowing benches connecting the two ship sides, of the tongue of a balance, of a pair, of a row or a rank of soldiers (oppos. [[στοῖχος]]), as land measure.<br />Other forms: Hell. mostly <b class="b3">-ός</b> m., rarely earlier, s. Schwyzer-Debrunner 37.)<br />Compounds: Often in compp., e. g. <b class="b3">πολύ-ζυγος</b> [[with many rowing benches]], <b class="b3">ζυγό-δεσμον</b> [[yoke-straps]] (Il.), also <b class="b3">ζυγη-φόρος</b> [[carrying a yoke]] (A., analog.-metr. beside <b class="b3">ζυγο-φόρος</b>; Schwyzer 439 n. 1).<br />Derivatives: Seberal deriv.: 1. [[ζύγιον]] [[rowing bench]] (hell.). 2. [[ζυγίσκον]] meaning unclear (IG 22, 1549, 9, Eleusis, + 300a). 3. [[ζύγαινα]] the hammer-headed shark (Epich., Arist.; after the shape of the skull, Strömberg Fischnamen 35). 4. [[ζυγίς]] [[thyme]] (Dsc.; motivation of the name unknown, Strömberg Pflanzennamen 56). 5. [[ζούγωνερ]] (= <b class="b3">*ζύγωνες</b>) <b class="b3">βόες ἐργάται</b>. [[Λάκωνες]] H. 6. [[ζυγίτης]] name of a rower (sch.; Redard Les noms grecs en <b class="b3">-της</b> 44), f. [[ζυγῖτις]] Hera as goddess of marriage (Nicom. ap. Phot.; Redard 209). 7. [[ζυγία]] [[maple]] (Thphr.) prop. "yoke-wood" (s. Strömberg Theophrastea 114), because the hard maple was mainly used to make yokes (so even now in southern Italy), Rohlfs WB VI and 86; also Rohlfs ByzZ 37, 57, Dawkins JournofHellStud. 56, 1f.; diff. Strömberg Pflanzennamen 56 (after the pairwise attached fruits). 8. [[ζύγαστρον]] [[wooden cist]], [[chest]] [[sub verbo|s.v.]] [[σίγιστρον]] - Adject. 9. [[ζύγιος]] <b class="b2">belonging to the yoke etc.</b> (Att. etc.; also as nautical expression, s. Morrison Class. Quart. 41, 128ff.). 10. [[ζύγιμος]] <b class="b2">id.</b> (Plb.; s. Arbenz Die Adj. auf <b class="b3">-ιμος</b> 94). 11. [[ζυγικός]] [[belonging to the tongue of a balance]] (Nicom. Harm.). Adv. <b class="b3">ζυγ-άδην</b> (Ph.), <b class="b3">ζυγ-ηδόν</b> (Hld.) [[pairwise]]. - Denomin. verbs: 1. [[ζυγόω]] <b class="b2">yoke, connect (through a cross-wood), shut, hold the balance</b> (A., hell.) with [[ζύγωμα]] [[bar]], [[cross-rod]] (Plb.), [[ζύγωσις]] [[balancing]] (hell.), <b class="b3">*ζύγωθρον</b> in the denomin. aor. ipv. [[ζυγώθρισον]] (Ar. Nu. 745; meaning uncertain, [[weigh]] or [[shut]]?). 2. [[ζυγέω]] [[form a row or rank]] (Plb.). - Beside [[ζυγόν]] as 2. member the verbal root <b class="b3">-ζυξ</b>, e. g. <b class="b3">ἄ-ζυξ</b> [[unconnected]], [[unmarried]], <b class="b3">ὁμό-</b>, <b class="b3">σύ-ζυξ</b> [[yoked together]], [[connected]] (also <b class="b3">ἄ-</b>, <b class="b3">ὁμό-</b>, <b class="b3">σύ-ζυγος</b>), s. Chantraine REGr. 59-60, 231f.<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [508} <b class="b2">*ieug-</b> [[connect]]<br />Etymology: Old name of a device, retained in most IE languages, e. g. Hitt. [[iugan]], Skt. <b class="b2">yugám</b>, Lat. [[iugum]], Germ., e. g. Goth. [[juk]], IE <b class="b2">*i̯ugóm</b>; more forms Pok. 509f., W.-Hofmann and Ernout-Meillet s. [[iugum]]. - The root noun <b class="b3">-ζυξ</b> also in Lat. [[con-iux]] [[spouse]], Skt. <b class="b2">a-yúj-</b> [[not forming a pair]], [[uneven]] (formally = <b class="b3">ἄ-ζυξ</b> except the accent), <b class="b2">sa-yúj-</b> [[connected]], [[companion]] a. o. - Cf. [[ζεύγνυμι]] and [[ζεῦγος]]. Rix, Hist. Gramm. 60, 70 suggests <b class="b2">Hi̯-</b>, which is still uncertain.

|ftr='''ζυγόν''': {zugón}<br />'''Forms''': (seit Il.; hell. meist -ός m., vereinzelt wohl schon früher, s. Schwyzer-Debrunner 37 m. Lit.)<br />'''Grammar''': n.<br />'''Meaning''': [[Joch]], auch übertr., z. B. von einem Querholz, von dem die beiden Schiffsseiten verbindenden Ruderbänken, von dem Waagebalken, von einem Paar, von einer Reihe oder einem Glied von Soldaten (Gegensatz [[στοῖχος]]), als Ackermaß. Oft in Kompp., z. B. [[πολύζυγος]] [[mit vielen Ruderbänken]], [[ζυγόδεσμον]] [[Jochriemen]] (Il. usw.), auch [[ζυγηφόρος]] [[jochtragend]] (A., E., analogisch-metrisch neben [[ζυγοφόρος]]; vgl. Schwyzer 439A. 1).<br />'''Derivative''': Zahlreiche Ableitungen: 1. [[ζύγιον]] [[Ruderbank]] (hell.). 2. [[ζυγίσκον]] Bed. unklar (''IG'' 2², 1549, 9, Eleusis, um 300^a). 3. [[ζύγαινα]] Art Haifisch (Epich., Arist. u. a.; nach der Form des Schädels, Strömberg Fischnamen 35). 4. [[ζυγίς]] [[Thymian]] (Dsk. u. a.; Benennungsmotiv unbekannt, Strömberg Pflanzennamen 56). 5. ζούγωνερ (= *ζύγωνες)· [[βόες]] ἐργάται. Λάκωνες H. 6. [[ζυγίτης]] Ben. eines Ruderers (Sch.; Redard Les noms grecs en -της 44), f. [[ζυγῖτις]] N. der Hera als Göttin der Ehe (Nikom. ap. Phot.; Redard 209). 7. [[ζυγία]] und 8. [[ζύγαστρον]] s. bes. — Adjektiva. 9. [[ζύγιος]] [[zum Joch gehörig]] (att. usw.; auch als nautischer Ausdruck, s. Morrison Class. Quart. 41, 128ff.). 10. [[ζύγιμος]] ib. (Plb.; s. Arbenz Die Adj. auf -ιμος 94). 11. [[ζυγικός]] [[zur Waage gehörig]] (Nikom. ''Harm''.). Adv. [[ζυγάδην]] (Ph.), [[ζυγηδόν]] (Hld.) [[paarweise]]. — Denominative Verba: 1. [[ζυγόω]] ‘unterjochen, (durch ein Querholz) verbinden, verschließen, das Gleichgewicht halten’ (A., hell. u. spät) mit [[ζύγωμα]] [[Verschluß]], [[Querholz]] (Plb. u. a.), [[ζύγωσις]] [[das Balancieren]] (hell.), *[[ζύγωθρον]] im denominativen Aor. Ipv. ζυγώθρισον (Ar. ''Nu''. 745; Bedeutung unsicher, [[wägen]] oder [[verschließen]]?). 2. [[ζυγέω]] ‘eine Reihe od. ein Glied bilden’ (Plb. u. a.). — Neben [[ζυγόν]] steht als Hinterglied das verbale Wurzelnomen -ζυξ, z. B. [[ἄζυξ]] [[unverbunden]], [[unvermählt]], ὁμό-, [[σύζυξ]] [[zusammengejocht]], [[verbunden]] (auch ἄ-, ὁμό-, [[σύζυγος]]), vgl. Chantraine REGr. 59-60, 231f.<br />'''Etymology''' : Alte Benennung eines alten Geräts, in der Mehrzahl der idg. Sprachen erhalten, z. B. heth. ''iugan'', aind. ''yugám'', lat. ''iugum'', germ., z. B. got. ''juk'', idg. *''i̯ugóm''; weitere Formen mit Lit. bei WP. 1, 201, Pok. 509f., W.-Hofmann und Ernout-Meillet s. ''iugum''. — Das Wurzelnomen -ζυξ hat Entsprechungen in lat. ''con''-''iux'' [[Gattin]], auch [[Gatte]], aind. ''a''-''yúj''- [[kein Paar bildend]], [[ungerade]] (formal = [[ἄζυξ]] bis auf den Akzent), ''sa''-''yúj''- [[verbunden]], [[Genosse]] u. a. — Vgl. [[ζεύγνυμι]] und [[ζεῦγος]].<br />'''Page''' 1,615-616