παῖς: Difference between revisions

|etymtx=παιδός<br />Grammatical information: m. f.<br />Meaning: [[child]], [[boy]], [[son]], [[slave]], [[servant]], more rarely [[girl]], [[daughter]] (Il.).<br />Other forms: (ep. Lesb. Boeot. also [[πάϊς]]).<br />Compounds: Many compp., e.g. <b class="b3">παιδ-αγωγός</b> m. "child guide", [[attendant of children]], [[schoolteacher]], <b class="b3">ἄ-παις</b> [[childless]] (IA.).<br />Derivatives: A. Subst. Several hypocoristic diminutives, which partly replaced the base word. 1. <b class="b3">παιδ-ίον</b> n. (IA.) with <b class="b3">-ιότης</b> f. [[childhood]] (Aq.), <b class="b3">-ιώδης</b> [[childish]] (D.H.). 2. <b class="b3">παιδ-ίσκος</b> m., more usu. <b class="b3">-ίσκη</b> f. (Att.) with <b class="b3">-ισκι-ωρός</b> m. (Sparta) prop. "guard of girls" ?, (s Leumann Hom. Wörter 224, 2d), <b class="b3">-ισκάριον</b> n. (hell.), <b class="b3">-ισκεῖος</b> (IVa), <b class="b3">-ισκεῖον</b> n. [[brothel]] (Ath.); to [[παιδίσκη]], <b class="b3">-ος</b> against [[παῖς]], [[κόρη]], [[υἱός]] etc. Wackernagel Glotta 2, 6ff. (= Kl. Schr. 2, 838ff.), 130 a. 315, Immisch ibd. 218f., Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 210 n. 3, Locker Glotta 22, 52f., Le Roy BCH 85, 226f. 3. <b class="b3">παιδ-άριον</b> n. (Att.) with <b class="b3">-αρίσκος</b> (Hld.), <b class="b3">-αρίδιον</b> (gloss.), <b class="b3">-αριήματα παιδάρια</b> H., <b class="b3">-αρίων</b> H. s. [[προυνικοί]], <b class="b3">-αριώδης</b> [[childish]] (Pl., Arist. etc.), <b class="b3">-αρικός</b> [[belonging to slaves]] (pap. VIp), <b class="b3">-αριεύομαι</b> [[to behave childishly]] (Aristox.). 4. [[πάϊλλος]] m. [[male child]] (Tanagra; on <b class="b3">-ιλλος</b> Schwyzer 485; after v. Blumenthal 43 from <b class="b3">*παιδ-λος</b>). 5. Here <b class="b3">παιδ-ία</b> f. [[childhood]] (Hp.), <b class="b3">-ιά</b> f. [[childs play]], [[pleasantry]], [[pastime]] (Att.; cf. Koller Mus. Helv. 13, 123 f.); on <b class="b3">-ία</b>, <b class="b3">-ιά</b>, which cannot always be distinguished, Scheller Oxytonierung 78 ff.; <b class="b3">-ιώδης</b> [[playful]] (Ion Hist., Arist.). 6. [[παίγνιον]], <b class="b3">-ίη</b> s. below on [[παίζω]]. B. Adj. 1. <b class="b3">παιδ-νός</b> [[in infancy]], [[infantile]] (ep. Od.). 2. <b class="b3">παίδ-ειος</b>, <b class="b3">-εῖος</b>, <b class="b3">-ήϊος</b> [[childlike]] (Pi., trag., Pl.); <b class="b3">τὰ -ήϊα</b> name of a feast (Delph. V--IVa). 3. <b class="b3">παιδ-ικός</b> [[concerning the child]], [[childlike]]; <b class="b3">τὰ παιδικά</b> [[dear]] (B., Att.; Chantraine Études 115 etc.). 4. [[παιδοῦς]], <b class="b3">-οῦσσα</b> [[having many children]], [[pregnant]] (Call., Hp.). C. Verbs. 1. [[παίζω]], aor. [[παῖσαι]], analog. also [[παῖξαι]] (Crates. Com., Ctes., hell.), also with <b class="b3">ἐν-</b> (<b class="b3">ἐμπαίκ-της</b>, <b class="b3">-γ-μός</b>, <b class="b3">-γ-μονή</b> LXX, NT), <b class="b3">κατα-</b>, <b class="b3">συν-</b> a.o., <b class="b2">to behave like a child, to play, to jest</b> (Od.; on the meaning and use Meerwaldt Mnem. 56, 159 ff.) with <b class="b3">παῖγ-μα</b> n. [[play]], [[jest]] (E. a.o.) and <b class="b3">φιλο-παίγμων</b> [[fond of play]] (ψ 134), <b class="b3">-μοσύναι</b> pl. <b class="b2">id.</b> (Stesich.); also <b class="b3">παιγ-νίη</b> f. [[play]] (Hdt.) with <b class="b3">-νιήμων</b> [[playful]] (Hdt., cf. Schwyzer 522), <b class="b3">-νιον</b> (Att.), <b class="b3">-χ-νιον</b> (Erinna, Theoc. in Pap. Antin., Call.) n. [[play]], [[jest]]; prob. orig. for <b class="b3">παιδ-ν-</b> with <b class="b3">-γν-</b> from <b class="b3">-δν-</b>, but early connected with [[παίζω]] (s. Schwyzer 208, Lejeune Traité de phon. 68 n. 1, Scheller Oxyton. 80; on [[παίχνιον]] Scheidweiler Phil. 100, 43f.); (<b class="b3">συμ-)παίκ-της</b> m. [[player]], [[teammate]], [[playfellow]] (AP). <b class="b3">-τρια</b> f. (Ant. Lib.), besides (<b class="b3">συμ-)παίσ-της</b> m. (Pl. Min., pap.), <b class="b3">-τικός</b> [[jocular]] (Clearch.), <b class="b3">-τρη</b> f. [[playground]] (Herod.); <b class="b3">συμπαίκ-τωρ</b>, <b class="b3">-παίσ-τωρ</b> m. (X.,AP). 2. <b class="b3">παιδ-εύω</b> [[to raise]], [[to breed]], [[to educate]], also w. <b class="b3">ἐκ-</b>, <b class="b3">συν-</b> a.o. (IA.), with <b class="b3">παιδ-εία</b> f. [[upbringing]], [[education]], [[breeding]] (A., Democr., Att.; also [[childhood]], [[youth]], s. Scheller 78 n. 1), <b class="b3">-ευσις</b> f. <b class="b2">(system of) upbringing, education</b> (Pi., trag., Pl.; Holt 129), <b class="b3">-ευμα</b> n. <b class="b2">subject, outcome of the upbringing, pupil</b> (Att.; on the meaning Kerényi Paideuma 1, 157 f., Röttger Substantivbild. 20 f.), <b class="b3">-ευτής</b> m. [[instructor]], [[teacher]] (Pl.), <b class="b3">-ευτικός</b> [[belonging to the upbringing]] (Pl. etc.), <b class="b3">-ευτήριον</b> n. [[school]] (D. S., Str.). 3. <b class="b3">*παιδ-όω</b> in <b class="b3">παίδ-ωσις</b> f. [[adoption]] (Elis), s. Bechtel Gött. Nachr. 1920, 248.<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [cf. 842] <b class="b2">*peh₂-u-</b> [[few]], [[little]]<br />Etymology: From the disyll. [[πάϊς]] (on Hom. Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1,29) appears an orig. <b class="b3">*παϜ-ι-δ-</b>; on the (dissimilatory?) loss of the F Schwyzer 260 w. lit., on the formation 465 a. 578. The unenlarged stem is still seen in Att. [[παῦς]] (vase inscr.) and in the Cypr. gen. <b class="b3">Φιλό-παϜ-ος</b>; uncertain Cypr. [[διπας]], = <b class="b3">δί-παις</b> ? A parallel enlargement shows [[παῦρος]]; [[sub verbo|s.v.]] w. further combinations. Outside Greek we can compare first the first element in Lat. [[pau-per]], if from <b class="b2">*pau̯(o)-par-o-s</b> [[acquiring little]] (basis doubted; s. W.-Hofmann s.v.); IE <b class="b2">*pau̯o-</b> is supposed also in Germ., e.g. Goth. [[faw-ai]] pl. [[few]]. -- Beside <b class="b2">pau-</b> (IE <b class="b2">*ph₂u̯-</b>?) stands perhaps with lengthened grade [[πῶλος]] (s.v.) [hardly possible]; with zero grade Lat. [[puer]] (innovation after [[gener]], [[socer]]; Risch <b class="b3">Μνήμης χάριν</b> 2, 109 ff.), thus, with old <b class="b2">tlo-</b>suffix, Ital., e.g. Osc. [[puklum]] [[filium]], Skt. <b class="b2">putrá-</b>, Av. <b class="b2">puʮra-</b>'son'. -- Further forms w. lit. in WP. 2, 75f. (partly dated), Pok. 842 f., W.-Hofmann s. [[puer]], [[pullus]] and [[pauper]], Mayrhofer s. <b class="b2">putráḥ</b>; older lit. also in Bq.