ἀστράγαλος: Difference between revisions

|Definition=[<b class="b3">ρᾰ], ὁ,</b> (v. [[ὀστέον]]) <span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> [[one of the vertebrae]], especially of the neck, <span class="bibl">Il.14.466</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.11.65</span>, <span class="title">AP</span>7.632 (Diod.); votive object, <span class="title">IG</span>5 (2).125 (Tegea, ii A. D.). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> [[ball of the ankle joint]] (not to be confused with [[σφυρόν]], <span class="bibl">Ruf.<span class="title">Onom.</span>124</span>), <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.129</span>; in horses, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Eq.</span>1.15</span>; of various animals, <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Int.</span>20</span>,<span class="bibl">30</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b3">οἱ μὲν πόδες ἀστράγαλοί τευ</b>, as a compliment, i.e. [[well-turned]], <span class="bibl">Theoc.10.36</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">III</span> [[wrist]], <span class="bibl">LXX <span class="title">Da.</span>5.5</span>,<span class="bibl">24</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">IV</span> pl., [[ἀστράγαλοι]] [[knucklebones]] used as [[dice]] or [[a game played with dice]], ἀμφ' ἀστραγάλοισι χολωθείς <span class="bibl">Il.23.88</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.94</span>, Menecr.Com.<span class="bibl">1D.</span>; ἀ. διάσειστοι <span class="bibl">Aeschin.1.59</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Men. 423</span>; <b class="b3">ἀ. μεμολιβδωμένοι</b> loaded [[dice]], <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pr.</span>913a36</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Eust.1397.34</span>; later, [[dice proper]], ἀντ' ἀστραγάλων κονδύλοισι παίζετε <span class="bibl">Pherecr. 43</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">V</span> <b class="b3">ἡ ἐκ τῶν ἀστραγάλων μάστιξ</b> scourge of [[strung bones]], <span class="bibl">Luc. <span class="title">Asin.</span>38</span>; cf. [[ἀστραγαλωτός]]. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">VI</span> [[moulding]] in the capital of the Ionic column, <span class="title">IG</span>1.322, Vitr.3.5.7. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">VII</span> [[milk vetch]], [[Orobus niger]], Dsc.4.61, Gal.11.841. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">VIII</span> [[prism of wood]], <span class="bibl">Aen.Tact.31.17</span>, al. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">IX</span> [[ear-ring]], ξύλινοι ἀ. <span class="bibl">Anacr.21.4</span>.</span>

|etymtx=Grammatical information: m.<br />Meaning: <b class="b2">one of the vertebrae (of the neck), ankle joint; knuckle-bones, dice</b> (Il.). Also a plant, s. DELG Suppl.<br />Other forms: [[ἀστραγάλη]] f. <b class="b2">ds.</b> (Anakr.). [[στράγαλος]] (Vita Aesop. (G) 69, s. LSJ Suppl.)<br />Derivatives: [[ἀστραγαλωτός]] ([[μάστιξ]]) <b class="b2">(whip) made from ἀ.</b> (Crates Com.), [[ἀστραγαλωτή]] a plant (Philum.); s. Schwyzer 503 : 4, Chantr. Form. 305 sect. 243. - [[ἀστραγαλῖτις]] [[kind of Iris]] (Gal.), [[ἀστραγαλῖνος]] [[bull-finch]] (Dionys.). - Denom. [[ἀστραγαλίζω]] <b class="b2">play with a.</b> (Com., Pl.). Hypocoristic [[ἄστρις]] f. = [[ἀστράγαλος]] (Call.); with hypocoristic <b class="b3">χ-</b>Suffix, [[ἄστριχος]] m. (Antiph.), cf. Schwyzer 498.<br />Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]<br />Etymology: Generally considered a derivation in <b class="b3">-λ-</b> (Chantr. Form. 247) of the old word for [[bone]] (s.v. [[ὀστέον]]), which was also assumed for [[ἀστακός]] (but s.s.v.) and <b class="b3">ὄστρ-ακον</b>, <b class="b3">ὄστρ-ειον</b> (but see s.v.). The <b class="b3">-γ</b> was compared with the nominative in the Skt. <b class="b2">r-n-</b>stems, e.g. <b class="b2">ásr̥-k</b>, gen. <b class="b2">asn-áḥ</b> [[blood]] (cf. [[ἔαρ]]); cf. Benveniste Orig. 7 and 28. But the word for [[bone]] was not an <b class="b2">r-n-</b>stem and the formation is improbable. It is therefore quite probably a substr. word (Beekes, Devel. 51). Improb. Winter Prothet. Vokal 37ff. - Cf. [[ἀστακός]], [[ὄστρακον]], [[ὀστρύς]], [[ὀστέον]].