πρόβατον: Difference between revisions

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 |Transliteration C=provaton
 |Beta Code=pro/baton
-|Definition=τό, freq. in plural [[πρόβατα]] (but also in sg., <span class="bibl">Cratin.43</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl. <span class="title">Euthd.</span>302a</span>, etc.); heterocl. dat. [[πρόβασι]] Hdn.Gr.<span class="bibl">1.414</span>, Hsch.:— used (among the Ionians and Dorians) of all four-footed <span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> [[cattle]], <span class="bibl">Hdt. 2.41</span>, etc.; πάντων τῶν π. βόες μάλιστα ἀτονέουσι <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Art.</span>8</span>; τὰ ἄλλα π. καὶ ἵππους μάλιστα <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.61</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">Fr.</span>316</span>, <span class="title">IG</span>12(1).677.31 (Rhodes, iv/iii B.C.); of Europa's bull, <span class="bibl">Simon.28</span>: in Hom. generally of [[cattle]], [[flocks]] and [[herds]], <span class="bibl">Il.14.124</span>, <span class="bibl">23.550</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">h.Merc.</span>571</span>, cf. <span class="title">IG</span>12(7).62.35 (Amorgos, iv B.C.); τὰ π. καὶ καρταίποδα <span class="title">Leg.Gort.</span>4.35; opp. [[ἄνθρωποι]], <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span>558</span>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.203</span>; <b class="b3">τὰ λεπτὰ τῶν π</b>. small [[cattle]], i.e. sheep and goats, ib.<span class="bibl">133</span>, <span class="bibl">8.137</span>; τὸ μὲν μέζον π.... τὸ δὲ μεῖον <span class="title">IG</span>5 (2).3.14 (Tegea, iv B.C.); so later, π. ἀπὸ τῶν ἀρνῶν καὶ τῶν ἐρίφων λήψεσθε <span class="bibl">LXX <span class="title">Ex.</span>12.5</span>: but in Att. Prose and Com. (never in Trag.) almost invariably of [[sheep]], <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Av.</span>714</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.2.14</span>, <span class="title">IG</span>22.1672.289, etc.; ὥσπερ π. βῆ βῆ λέγων βαδίζει <span class="bibl">Cratin.43</span>; so in later Boeot., <span class="title">IG</span>7.3171.39,44 (Orchom. Boeot.): generally, [[animals for slaughter]], whether for sacrifices, <span class="bibl">Hdt.6.56</span>; or for food, <span class="bibl">Id.1.207</span>; cf. <span class="bibl">Antipho 5.29</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> [[proverb|prov.]] of stupid, lazy people, ἀριθμός, πρόβατ' ἄλλως <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span>1203</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">V.</span>32</span>: Com. Comp., <b class="b3">προβάτου προβάτερον</b> [[more sheepish]] than [[a sheep]], dub. cj. in <span class="bibl">Sophr.122</span>; <b class="b3">χρυσοῦν π</b>., = Lat. [[pecus aurea]], as nickname, <span class="bibl">D.C.59.8</span>: in other provs., τοὺς γευομένους κύνας τῶν π. κατακόπτειν φασὶ δεῖν <span class="bibl">D.25.40</span>; λέων ἐν προβάτοις <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Cleom.</span>33</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Plb.5.35.13</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> name of a sea-fish, <span class="bibl">Opp.<span class="title">H.</span>1.146</span>, <span class="bibl">3.139</span>, <span class="bibl">Ael.<span class="title">NA</span>9.38</span>. (Orig. of small cattle, sheep and goats, which in primitive mixed herds [[walk in front]] (προβαίνει) of the larger animals.)</span>
+|Definition=τό, freq. in plural [[πρόβατα]] (but also in sg., <span class="bibl">Cratin.43</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl. <span class="title">Euthd.</span>302a</span>, etc.); heterocl. dat. [[πρόβασι]] Hdn.Gr.<span class="bibl">1.414</span>, Hsch.:— used (among the Ionians and Dorians) of all four-footed <span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> [[cattle]], <span class="bibl">Hdt. 2.41</span>, etc.; πάντων τῶν π. βόες μάλιστα ἀτονέουσι <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Art.</span>8</span>; τὰ ἄλλα π. καὶ ἵππους μάλιστα <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.61</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">Fr.</span>316</span>, <span class="title">IG</span>12(1).677.31 (Rhodes, iv/iii B.C.); of Europa's bull, <span class="bibl">Simon.28</span>: in Hom. generally of [[cattle]], [[flocks]] and [[herds]], <span class="bibl">Il.14.124</span>, <span class="bibl">23.550</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">h.Merc.</span>571</span>, cf. <span class="title">IG</span>12(7).62.35 (Amorgos, iv B.C.); τὰ π. καὶ καρταίποδα <span class="title">Leg.Gort.</span>4.35; opp. [[ἄνθρωποι]], <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span>558</span>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.203</span>; <b class="b3">τὰ λεπτὰ τῶν προβάτων</b> [[small]] [[cattle]], i.e. [[sheep]] and [[goat]]s, ib.<span class="bibl">133</span>, <span class="bibl">8.137</span>; τὸ μὲν μέζον π.... τὸ δὲ μεῖον <span class="title">IG</span>5 (2).3.14 (Tegea, iv B.C.); so later, π. ἀπὸ τῶν ἀρνῶν καὶ τῶν ἐρίφων λήψεσθε <span class="bibl">LXX <span class="title">Ex.</span>12.5</span>: but in Att. Prose and Com. (never in Trag.) almost invariably of [[sheep]], <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Av.</span>714</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.2.14</span>, <span class="title">IG</span>22.1672.289, etc.; ὥσπερ π. βῆ βῆ λέγων βαδίζει <span class="bibl">Cratin.43</span>; so in later Boeot., <span class="title">IG</span>7.3171.39,44 (Orchom. Boeot.): generally, [[animals for slaughter]], whether for [[sacrifice]]s, <span class="bibl">Hdt.6.56</span>; or for [[food]], <span class="bibl">Id.1.207</span>; cf. <span class="bibl">Antipho 5.29</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> [[proverb|prov.]] of [[stupid]], [[lazy]] [[people]], [[ἀριθμός]], πρόβατ' ἄλλως <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span>1203</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">V.</span>32</span>: Com. Comp., <b class="b3">προβάτου προβάτερον</b> [[more]] [[sheepish]] than a [[sheep]], dub. cj. in <span class="bibl">Sophr.122</span>; [[χρυσοῦν πρόβατον]] = Lat. [[pecus aurea]], as nickname, <span class="bibl">D.C.59.8</span>: in other provs., τοὺς γευομένους κύνας τῶν π. κατακόπτειν φασὶ δεῖν <span class="bibl">D.25.40</span>; λέων ἐν προβάτοις <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Cleom.</span>33</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Plb.5.35.13</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> name of a sea-[[fish]], <span class="bibl">Opp.<span class="title">H.</span>1.146</span>, <span class="bibl">3.139</span>, <span class="bibl">Ael.<span class="title">NA</span>9.38</span>. (Orig. of small [[cattle]], [[sheep]] and [[goat]]s, which in primitive mixed herds [[walk in front]] ([[προβαίνει]]) of the larger animals.)</span>
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 {{bailly
 |btext=ου (τό) :<br /><i>dat. plur.</i> [[πρόβασι]];<br /><b>I.</b> animal à quatre pieds, <i>p. opp. à ceux qui volent, rampent ou nagent, d’où</i><br /><b>1</b> <i>en gén.</i> bête apprivoisée ; bétail, troupeau de bétail;<br /><b>2</b> <i>d’ord. en parl. d’animaux de</i> petit bétail (brebis, chèvres) ; <i>particul.</i> brebis, moutons;<br /><b>II.</b> sorte de poisson de mer.<br />'''Étymologie:''' [[προβαίνω]].
+}}
+{{etym
+|etymtx=Grammatical information: n. pl.<br />Meaning: [[cattle]], [[herd]], [[flock]] (Il.), [[small cattle]], sg. [[πρόβατον]] mostly [[sheep]] (Att., Gort. etc.); also name of an unknown fish (Opp., Ael.; because of the similarity of the head, cf. Strömberg Fischn. 102).<br />Compounds: Compp., e.g. [[προβατογνώμων]] m. [[knower of herds]] (A.), [[πολυπρόβατος]] [[rich of cattle]], [[sheep]] (Hdt., X.).<br />Derivatives: 1. Dimin. [[προβάτιον]] n. (Att.). 2. Adj. [[προβάτειος]] (Arist.), [[προβατικός]] (LXX, N.T.) [[belonging to sheep]] ([[small cattle]]), [[προβατώδης]] [[sheep-like]] (sp.). 3. [[προβατών]] ([[προβατεών]] Hdn.), [[προβατῶνος]] m. [[sheepfold]] (hell. inscr. a. pap.). 4. [[προβατήματα]] [[πρόβατα]] H. (after [[κτήματα]], [[βοσκήματα]] etc.; Chantraine Form. 178). 5. [[προβατεύς]] m. [[shepherd]] (title of a com. of Antiph.). 6. [[προβατεύω]] to [[keep cattle]], [[tend cattle]], [[tend sheep]] (D. H., App.) with [[προβατευτικός]], [[προβατεύσιμος]], [[προβατευτής]], [[προβατεία]]. 7. Plant-names: [[προβάτειον]], [[προβάτειος]], [[προβαταία]] (Ps.-Dsc.) "[[sheep]]-[[herb]]" (cf. Strömberg Pfl. 137). -- To [[πρόβειος]], rhythmical shortening for [[προβάτειος]] (An. Ox. a.o.) Palmer Class Quart. 33,31ff.<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [463] *gʷeh₂- [[go]]<br />Etymology: In the same sense as [[πρόβατα]] we find once in collective meaning the verbal abstract [[πρόβασις]] (β 75 [[κειμήλιά τε πρόβασίν τε]]), which designates here the moving [[cattle]] as [[oppose]]d to the [[lifeless]] ("[[lying]]") [[property]]. The origin from [[προβαίνειν]] (thus already EM) is [[confirm]]ed by it. Thus OIcel. ganganda fé "going [[cattle]]" = [[living stock]] beside liggjanda fé [[κειμήλια]]', Hitt. ii̯ant- [[sheep]] prop. "the going", ptc. of [[ii̯a-]] [[go]], Toch. A śemäl [[small cattle]], prop. vbaladj. of käm-, śäm- [[come]] (= [[βαίνειν]]). Typical for Greek is however the prefix [[προ-]]; so [[πρόβατα]] prop. "those [[go]]ing [[forward]]", a notion, which seems to require an other way of moving as [[opposite]], but has a [[correspondence]] in Av. fra-čar- and Skt. pra-car- [[move forward]] (opposed to [[remain motionless]]); s. Benveniste BSL 45, 91 ff. with [[extensive]] [[treatment]] and [[criticism]] of diverging views (Lommel KZ 46, 46ff.; s. also Kretschmer Glotta 8, 269 f.). -- The plural [[πρόβατα]] is usu., esp. because of the dat. pl. [[πρόβασι]] (Hdn.) for the usual [[προβάτοις]] (Hes.), considered as orig. consonant-stem [[πρόβατα]], to which secondarily [[πρόβατον]] (Bq s.v., Schwyzer 499 with Risch 178, Benveniste l.c., Egli Heteroklisie 41 ff.); against this with good arguments Georgacas Glotta 36, 178 ff., who rightly points to other infinite active [[το-]] participles, e.g. [[στατός]] [[standing]] (s. [[ἵστημι]]). -- In the secondary sense of [[sheep]] [[πρόβατον]] has replaced the older [[ὄις]].
+}}
+{{FriskDe
+|ftr='''πρόβατα''': {próbata}<br />'''Grammar''': n. pl.<br />'''Meaning''': [[Weidevieh]], [[Viehherde]], [[Vieh]] (seit Il.), [[Kleinvieh]], sg. -ον meist [[Schaf]] (att., gort. usw.); auch N. eines unbek. Fisches (Opp., Ael.; wegen der Ähnlichkeit des Kopfes, vgl. Strömberg Fischn. 102).<br />'''Composita''' : Kompp., z.B. [[προβατογνώμων]] m. [[Kenner der Herde]] (A.), [[πολυπρόβατος]] ‘vieh-, schafreich’ (Hdt., X.).<br />'''Derivative''': Mehrere Ableitungen. 1. Demin. [[προβάτιον]] n. (att. usw.). 2. Adj. [[προβάτειος]] (Arist. usw.), -ικός (LXX, N.T. u.a.) ‘zum Schaf (Kleinvieh) gehörig’, -ώδης ‘schaf-ähnlich’ (sp.). 3. -ών (-εών Hdn.), -ῶνος m. [[Schafhürde]] (hell. Inschr. u. Pap.). 4. -ήματα· πρόβατα H. (nach κτήματα, βοσκήματα usw.; Chantraine Form. 178). 5. -εύς m. [[Schafhirt]] (Titel einer Kom. des Antiph.). 6. -εύω [[Vieh]], [[Schafe halten]], [[auf die Weide treiben]] (D. H., App. usw.) mit -ευτικός, -εύσιμος, -ευτής, -εία. 7. Pfi.namen: -ειον, -ειος, -αία (Ps.-Dsk.) "Schafkraut" (vgl. Strömberg Pfl. 137). — Zu πρόβειος, rhythmische Kürzung für [[προβάτειος]] (''An''. ''Ox''. u.a.) Palmer Class Quart. 33,31ff.<br />'''Etymology''' : Im selben Sinne wie πρόβατα steht einmal in kollektiver Bed. das Verbalabstraktum [[πρόβασις]] (β 75 κειμήλιά τε πρόβασίν τε), das hier das bewegliche Vieh im Gegensatz zu dem leblosen ("liegenden") Besitz bezeichnet. Die Herkunft aus προβαίνειν (schon ''EM'') wird dadurch bestätigt. Ebenso aisl. ''ganganda'' ''fé'' "gehendes Vieh" = [[lebende Habe]] neben ''liggjanda'' ''fé'' ’κειμήλια’, heth. ''ii̯ant''- [[Schaf]] eig. "das Gehende", Ptz. von ''ii̯a''- [[gehen]], toch. A ''śemäl'' [[Kleinvieh]], eig. Vbaladj. von ''käm''-, ''śäm''- [[kommen]] (= βαίνειν). Dem Griech. eigen ist immerhin das Präfix προ-; πρόβατα also eig. "die Vorwärtsgehenden", ein Begriff, der zunächst eine andere Art von Bewegung als Gegensatz zu erfordern scheint, aber in aw. ''fra''-''čar''- und aind. ''pra''-''car''- [[sich vorwärts bewegen]] (gegenüber [[still bleiben]]) ein Gegenstück hat; s. Benveniste BSL 45, 91 ff. mit ausführlicher Behandlung und Kritik abweichender Ansichten (Lommel KZ 46, 46ff.; s. auch Kretschmer Glotta 8, 269 f.). — Der Plural πρόβατα wird gewöhnlich, namentlich wegen des Dat. pl. [[πρόβασι]] (Hdn.) für das übliche προβατοις (seit Hes.), als urspr. Konsonantenstamm πρόβατα betrachtet, wozu sekundär [[πρόβατον]] (Bq s.v., Schwyzer 499 mit Risch 178, Benveniste a. O., Egli Heteroklisie 41 ff.); dagegen mit guten Gründen Georgacas Glotta 36, 178 ff., der u.a. auf andere infinite aktive το-Partizipia, z.B. [[στατός]] [[stehend]] (s. [[ἵστημι]]) mit Recht hinweist. — Im sekundären Sinn von [[Schaf]] hat das regelmäßige [[πρόβατον]] das frühere ὄις zurückgedrängt und allmählich ersetzt.<br />'''Page''' 2,597-598
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-|elnltext=πρόβατον -ου, τό [προβαίνω] meestal plur. πρόβατα vee, kuddes:; τὰ λεπτὰ τῶν προβάτων kleinvee Hdt. 1.133.1; m. n. schapen; spreekw. van domme mensen:. τί κάθησθ ’ ἀβέλτεροι,... πρόβατ ’ ἄλλως wat zitten jullie daar suf, echte domme schapen Aristoph. Nub. 1203.
+|elnltext=πρόβατον -ου, τό [προβαίνω] meestal plur. πρόβατα vee, kuddes:; τὰ λεπτὰ τῶν προβάτων kleinvee Hdt. 1.133.1; m. n. schapen; spreekw. van domme mensen:. τί κάθησθ ’ ἀβέλτεροι,... πρόβατ ’ ἄλλως wat zitten jullie daar suf, echte domme schapen Aristoph. Nub. 1203.
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