σχῆμα: Difference between revisions

|Definition=ατος, τό, ([[ἔχω]], [[σχεῖν]]) <span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> [[form]], [[shape]], [[figure]], <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ion</span>238</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">V.</span> 1170</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>601a</span>, <span class="bibl">Thphr.<span class="title">Ign.</span>52</span>, etc.; καθ' Ἡρακλέα τὸ σχῆμα καὶ τὸ λῆμ' ἔχων <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ra.</span>463</span>; διερεισαμένη τὸ σ. τῇ βακτηρίᾳ <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ec.</span>150</span>; Ἱππομέδοντος σχῆμα καὶ μέγας τύπος <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Th.</span>488</span>: in Trag. freq. in periphr., <b class="b3">ὦ σχῆμα πέτρας</b> = [[πέτρα]], <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>952</span>; σχῆμα καὶ πρόσωπον εὐγενὲς τέκνων <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Med.</span> 1072</span>; σχῆμα δόμων <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Alc.</span>911</span> (anap.), cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Hec.</span>619</span>; <b class="b3">Ἀσιάτιδος γῆς σχῆμα</b> <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Andr.</span>1</span>: in plural, of one person, <b class="b3">φωτὸς κακούργου σχήματ</b>' <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Fr.</span>210</span>; <b class="b3">μορφῆς σχῆμα</b> or [[σχήματα]], <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ion</span>992</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">IT</span>292</span>, cf. <span class="title">IG</span>3.1417.14; τὴν αὐτὴν τοῦ σχήματος μορφήν <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">PA</span>640b34</span> (but <b class="b3">ἐν μορφῇ θεοῦ ὑπάρχων</b>, opp. <b class="b3">σχήματι εὑρεθεὶς ὡς ἄνθρωπος</b>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ep.Phil.</span>2.6</span> and <span class="bibl">8</span>); τὰ σ. καὶ χρώματα <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>373b</span>; σχήμασι καὶ χρώμασι μιμεῖσθαι <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Po.</span>1447a19</span>; <b class="b3">κατὰ χρόαν ἢ ὄγκον ἢ σχῆμα [τοῦ προσώπου</b>] Gal.18(2).309; <b class="b3">ὅσα παθήματα γίνεται ἀπὸ σχημάτων</b> caused by [[peculiar]] [[conformation]]s, <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">VM</span>22</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">b</span> [[atom]], imagined as differing from other atoms mainly in shape, ἐκ περιφερῶν συγκεῖσθαι σχημάτων Democr. ap. <span class="bibl">Thphr.<span class="title">Sens.</span>65</span>; <b class="b3">ἐκ μεγάλων σ. καὶ πολυγωνίων</b> ib.<span class="bibl">66</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">67</span>,al., <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Od.</span>64</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> [[appearance]], opp. the [[reality]], <b class="b3">οὐδὲν ἄλλο πλὴν . . σ</b>. a [[mere]] [[outside]], <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Fr.</span>25</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">360.27</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>365c</span>; [[show]], [[pretence]], ἦν δὲ τοῦτο . . σ. πολιτικὸν τοῦ λόγου <span class="bibl">Th.8.89</span>; οὐ σχήμασι, ἀλλὰ ἀληθείᾳ <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Epin.</span>989c</span>; <b class="b3">σχήματι ξενίας</b> [[under the show]] of... <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Dio</span>16</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> [[bearing]], [[air]], [[mien]], <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.60</span>; τύραννον σ. ἔχειν <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>1169</span>; <b class="b3">ἄφοβον δεικνὺς σ</b>. <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>6.4.20</span>; <b class="b3">ταπεινὸν σχῆμα</b> ib.<span class="bibl">5.1.5</span>; <b class="b3">ὑπηρέτου σχῆμα</b> <span class="bibl">D.23.210</span>; τῷ σχήματι, τῷ βλέμματι, τῇ φωνῇ <span class="bibl">Id.21.72</span>; <b class="b3">ὄμμασι καὶ σχήματι καὶ βαδίσματι φαιδρός</b> = [[with]] [[cheerful]] [[eye]]s, [[gesture]], and [[gait]], <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Ap.</span>27</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Mem.</span> 3.10.5</span>; esp. [[outside]] [[show]], [[pomp]], <b class="b3">τὸ τῆς ἀρχῆς σχῆμα</b> <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>685c</span>; [[dignity]], [[rank]], <b class="b3">οὐ κατὰ σχῆμα φέρειν τι</b> in a [[manner]] not [[dignified]] or [[seemly]], <span class="bibl">Plb.3.85.9</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">5.56.1</span>, Plu.2.44a, 631c, <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Peregr.</span>25</span>; <b class="b3">πρεσβείας σχῆμα, ἱερείας σχῆμα</b>, Aristid.1.490 J., <span class="title">Inscr.Olymp.</span>941;  [[ἔχει τι σχῆμα]], c. inf., [[there's something to be said for]]... <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Tr.</span>470</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">IA</span>983</span>; of the [[stately]] [[air]] of a [[horse]], <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Eq.</span>1.8</span>,<span class="bibl">7.10</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">4</span> [[fashion]], [[manner]], ἑτέρῳ σ. [[ζητεῖν]] <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">VM</span>2</span>; <b class="b3">σ. μὲν γὰρ Ἑλλάδος στολῆς ὑπάρχει</b> [[fashion]] of [[dress]], <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span> 223</span>; σχῆμα τοῦ κόσμου <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ba.</span>832</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">1 Ep.Cor.</span>7.31</span>; <b class="b3">σχῆμα βίου, σχῆμα μάχης</b>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Med.</span> 1039</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ph.</span>252</span> (lyr.); <b class="b3">τούτῳ . . κατῴκουν τῷ σ</b>. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Criti.</span>112d</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">b</span> [[dress]], [[equipment]], ἀρχαίῳ σ. λαμπρός <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Eq.</span>1331</span>; <b class="b3">βαβαιὰξ τοῦ σχήματος</b> <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ach.</span>64</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Oec.</span>2.4</span>, <span class="bibl">Theoc.10.35</span>, <span class="bibl">App.<span class="title">BC</span>1.16</span>; <b class="b3">τὸ τῆς πορφύρας σχῆμα</b> = Lat. [[latus]] [[clavus]], IGRom.3.1422 (Prusias); <b class="b3">ἐν τῷ σχήματι ἱερέ[ως</b>] ib. 69.17 (ibid., cf. <span class="title">Glotta</span> 14.80), cf.<span class="bibl"><span class="title">Sammelb.</span>7449.10</span> (V A.D.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PLond.</span>5.1729.25</span> (vi A.D.). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">5</span> [[character]], [[role]], <b class="b3">μεταβαλεῖν τὸ σχῆμα</b> Pl.<span class="title">Alc.</span>1.135d; πάντα σχήματα [[ποιεῖν]] <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">R.</span>576a</span>; ἐν μητρὸς σχήματι <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Lg.</span>918e</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">859a</span>; <b class="b3">ἀπολαβεῖν τὸ ἑαυτῶν σχῆμα</b> to [[recover]] their [[proper]] [[character]], <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>7.1.49</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">6</span> [[character]], [[characteristic]] [[property]] of a thing, (πόλεως) <span class="bibl">Th.6.89</span>; πολιτείας <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Plt.</span>291d</span>; <b class="b3">βασιλείας σχῆμα ἔχει</b> [[the]] [[form]] of [[monarchy]], <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">EN</span>1160b25</span>; τὸ σχῆμα τῆς λέξεως δεῖ μήτε ἔμμετρον εἶναι μήτε ἄρρυθμον <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Rh.</span>1408b21</span> (but <b class="b3">τὰ σχήματα τῆς λέξεως</b> the [[form]]s ([[mode]]s) used in [[poetry]], such as [[entreaty]], [[threat]], [[command]], <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Po.</span>1456b9</span>); <b class="b3">τὰ τῆς κωμῳδίας σχήματα</b> its [[characteristic]] [[form]]s, ib.<span class="bibl">1448b36</span>; <b class="b3">ἐν σχήματι νόμου</b> in [[form]] of [[law]], <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>718b</span>; <b class="b3">ἐν ἀπολογίας σχῆμα</b> <span class="bibl">Isoc.15.8</span>; <b class="b3">ἐν μύθου σχῆμα</b> <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Metaph.</span>1074b2</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ti.</span>22c</span>; <b class="b3">τὸ τῆς διαίτης σχῆμα</b> Gal.15.582; αἱ κατὰ σχήματα πυρετῶν διαφοραί Id.19.183. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">7</span> a [[figure]] in Dancing, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">V.</span>1485</span>: mostly in plural, [[figure]]s, [[gesture]]s (cf. [[σχημάτιον]]), <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Cyc.</span> 221</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Pax</span>323</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>669d</span>, Epigr. ap. Plu.2.732f, etc.; σχήματα πρὸς τὸν αὐλὸν [[ὀρχεῖσθαι]] <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Smp.</span>7.5</span>; <b class="b3">ἐν . . μουσικῇ καὶ σχήματα . . καὶ μέλη ἔνεστι</b> [[figure]]s and [[tune]]s, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>655a</span>; also of [[the]] [[posture]]s of an [[athlete]], <span class="bibl">Isoc.15.183</span>: generally, [[posture]], [[position]], <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Off.</span>11</span>, al., <span class="bibl">Ar. <span class="title">Ra.</span>538</span>(lyr.), <span class="bibl">Thphr.<span class="title">Lass.</span>3</span>,<span class="bibl">14</span>; of the foetus, <span class="bibl">Sor.2.55</span>; <b class="b3">τὸ τῆς κατακλίσεως σχῆμα</b> the [[patient]]'s [[attitude]] as he [[lie]]s in [[bed]], Gal.16.578, cf. 665; cf. [[σχηματίζω]] 11.3. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">b</span> Rhet., [[figure]] of [[speech]], <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ion</span>536c</span>, <span class="bibl">Cic.<span class="title">Brut.</span> 37.141</span>, etc.; [ἡ τοῦ Θουκυδίδου φράσις] πλήρης σχημάτων <span class="bibl">D.H.<span class="title">Pomp.</span> 5</span>, cf. <span class="title">Amm.</span>2.2; for <b class="b3">σχῆμα Πινδαρικόν</b>, etc., v. <span class="bibl">Hdn.<span class="title">Fig.</span>p.100S.</span> </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">c</span> in Logic, [[figure]] of a [[syllogism]], <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">APr.</span>26b33</span>,al., <span class="bibl">Thphr.<span class="title">Fr.</span>59</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">d</span> <b class="b3">τὸ σχῆμα τῆς λέξεως</b>, both the [[grammatical]] [[form]] of a [[sentence]], <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">SE</span> 166b10</span>, cf. Gal.16.709, etc.; and its [[rhythmical]] [[form]], Arist.<span class="title">Rh.</span>l.c. supr.<span class="bibl">6</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">e</span> [[grammatical]] [[form]] of a [[word]], <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Vict.</span>1.23</span>, <span class="bibl">D.T.635.21</span>, <span class="bibl">A.D.<span class="title">Pron.</span>17.25</span>,al. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">8</span> [[geometrical]] [[figure]], <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">de An.</span>414b20</span>, al., <span class="bibl">Onos.10.28</span>; μονωτάτη πάντων ἀριθμῶν δυὰς σχήματος οὐκ ἔστιν ἐπιδεκτική <span class="title">Theol.Ar.</span>7. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">b</span> [[phase]] of the [[moon]], <span class="bibl">Ptol.<span class="title">Tetr.</span>21</span>, <span class="bibl">Vett.Val. 106.28</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">c</span> Astrol., [[aspect]], <span class="bibl">Plot.2.3.1</span>, <span class="bibl">Man.3.5</span>,<span class="bibl">212</span>, al. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">d</span> [[configuration]] of [[bird]]s in [[augury]], <b class="b3">τοῖς τῶν γυναικῶν σχήμασι σῷζεσθαι</b> to be [[save]]d by the [[configuration]]s (of [[bird]]s) [[appropriate]] to [[women]], Gal.15.445. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">9</span> in Tactics, [[military]] [[formation]], <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>1.10.10</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">10</span> = τὸ [[αἰδοῖον]] <span class="bibl">LXX<span class="title">Is.</span>3.17</span>.</span>