ἀλήθεια: Difference between revisions

|Definition=[ᾰλ], ἡ, Dor. [[ἀλάθεια]] (also <span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> [[ἀλαθεία]] <span class="bibl">B.12.204</span>); [[ἀλάθεα]] <span class="bibl">Alc.57</span>, <span class="bibl">Theoc.29.1</span> is neut. pl. of [[ἀλαθής]]; Ep. (and Farly Att. acc. to Hdn.Gr.<span class="bibl">2.454</span>) [[ἀληθεία]]; Ion. [[ἀληθείη]]: </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">I</span> [[truth]], opp. [[lie]] or [[mere]] [[appearance]]: </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">1</span> in Hom. only opp. a [[lie]], freq. in phrase ἀληθείην καταλέξαι <span class="bibl">Il.24.407</span>,al.; ἀλήθειαν [[ἀποειπεῖν]] <span class="bibl">23.361</span>; <b class="b3">παιδὸς πᾶσαν ἀληθείην μυθεῖσθαι</b> to [[tell]] [[whole]] [[truth]] about the [[lad]], <span class="bibl">Od.11.507</span>; ἀλάθει' [[ἀτρεκής]] <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">N.</span>5.17</span>, cf. B. l.c.; [[proverb|prov.]], [[οἶνος καὶ ἀλήθεια]] = [[in wine there is truth]], [[in wine truth]], '[[in vino veritas]]', Alc.l.c., etc.; ἁπλᾶ γάρ ἐστι τῆς ἀ. ἔπη <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Fr.</span>176</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ph.</span>469</span>; χρᾶσθαι τῇ ἀ. <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.116</span>; εἰπεῖν τὴν ἀ. <span class="bibl">Id.6.69</span>; ἡ ἀ. περί τινος <span class="bibl">Th.4.122</span>, <span class="bibl">S. <span class="title">Tr.</span>91</span>; [[ἀλήθειαν ἔχειν]] = to [[be true]], <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pol.</span>1281a42</span>: pl., ταῖς ἀ. [[χρῆσθαι]] <span class="bibl">Isoc.9.5</span>; τὰς ἀληθείας [[λέγειν]] <span class="bibl">Men.87</span>,<span class="bibl">925</span>; τὰς ἀληθείας ἀκοῦσαι τῶν γενομένων <span class="bibl">Alcid.<span class="title">Od.</span>13</span>:—[[Ἀλήθεια]] or <b class="b3">περὶ Ἀληθείας</b>, title of works by Protag., <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Tht.</span>161c</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Cra.</span> 391c</span>; by Antipho Soph., <span class="title">FOxy.</span>1364, cf. <span class="bibl">Hermog. <span class="title">Id.</span>2.11</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> after Hom. also [[truth]], [[reality]], opp. [[appearance]], σὺν ἀλαθείᾳ καλῶν <span class="bibl">B.3.96</span>; ἡ ἀληθεία τῶν πραχθέντων <span class="bibl">Antipho 2.4.1</span>; τῶν ἔργων ἡ ἀ. <span class="bibl">Th.2.41</span>; μιμήματα ἀληθείας <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Plt.</span>300c</span>:— in adverb. usages, [[τῇ ἀληθείᾳ]] = [[in very truth]], <span class="bibl">Th.4.120</span>, etc.; ταῖς ἀ. <span class="bibl">Isoc.15.283</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Philem.130</span>, <span class="bibl">Plb.10.40.5</span>, <span class="bibl">Babr.75.20</span>; rarely (without the Art.) [[ἀληθείᾳ]] <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Prt.</span>343d</span>:—with Preps., ἐν τῇ ἀ. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">La.</span>183d</span>; <b class="b3">ἐπὶ τῆς ἀληθείας καὶ τοῦ πράγματος</b> = [[in truth and reality]], <span class="bibl">D.21.72</span>; [[ἐπ' ἀληθείᾳ]] = [[for the sake of truth]], <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Supp.</span> 628</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Pl.</span>891</span>; also, [[according to truth and nature]], <span class="bibl">Theoc.7.44</span>:—μετ' ἀληθείας <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>2.1.27</span>, <span class="bibl">D.2.4</span>:— κατὰ τὴν ἀλήθειαν <span class="bibl">Isoc.1.2.46</span>, etc.; κατ' ἀλήθειαν <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pol.</span>1278b33</span>, etc.:— ξὺν ἀληθείᾳ <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>1567</span>:—πρὸς ἀλήθειαν <span class="bibl">D.S.5.67</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> [[real]] [[war]], opp. [[exercise]] or [[parade]], <span class="bibl">Plb.10.20.4</span>,al.; ἐπ' αὐτῆς τῆς ἀ. <span class="bibl">Id.1.21.3</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">4</span> [[true event]], [[realization]] of [[dream]] or [[omen]], <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.64</span>, Damon ap.Sch.<span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Pl.</span>1003</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> of persons, [[truthfulness]], [[sincerity]], <span class="bibl">Hdt. 1.55</span>; ἀλαθείᾳ φρενῶν <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>1550</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>331c</span>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">EN</span>1108a20</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">III</span> [[Ἀλήθεια]] personified, <span class="bibl">Emp.1</span>, <span class="bibl">Parm.1.29</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">IV</span> [[symbol of truth]], [[jewel]] worn by [[Egyptian]] [[high-priest]], <span class="bibl">D.S.1.48</span>,<span class="bibl">75</span>, <span class="bibl">Ael. <span class="title">VH</span>14.34</span>: of the Thummim, <span class="bibl">LXX <span class="title">Le.</span>8.8</span>.</span>