πρόβατον: Difference between revisions

|etymtx=Grammatical information: n. pl.<br />Meaning: [[cattle]], [[herd]], [[flock]] (Il.), [[small cattle]], sg. [[πρόβατον]] mostly [[sheep]] (Att., Gort. etc.); also name of an unknown fish (Opp., Ael.; because of the similarity of the head, cf. Strömberg Fischn. 102).<br />Compounds: Compp., e.g. [[προβατογνώμων]] m. [[knower of herds]] (A.), [[πολυπρόβατος]] [[rich of cattle]], [[sheep]] (Hdt., X.).<br />Derivatives: 1. Dimin. [[προβάτιον]] n. (Att.). 2. Adj. [[προβάτειος]] (Arist.), [[προβατικός]] (LXX, N.T.) [[belonging to sheep]] ([[small cattle]]), [[προβατώδης]] [[sheep-like]] (sp.). 3. [[προβατών]] ([[προβατεών]] Hdn.), [[προβατῶνος]] m. [[sheepfold]] (hell. inscr. a. pap.). 4. [[προβατήματα]] [[πρόβατα]] H. (after [[κτήματα]], [[βοσκήματα]] etc.; Chantraine Form. 178). 5. [[προβατεύς]] m. [[shepherd]] (title of a com. of Antiph.). 6. [[προβατεύω]] to [[keep cattle]], [[tend cattle]], [[tend sheep]] (D. H., App.) with [[προβατευτικός]], [[προβατεύσιμος]], [[προβατευτής]], [[προβατεία]]. 7. Plant-names: [[προβάτειον]], [[προβάτειος]], [[προβαταία]] (Ps.-Dsc.) "[[sheep]]-[[herb]]" (cf. Strömberg Pfl. 137). -- To [[πρόβειος]], rhythmical shortening for [[προβάτειος]] (An. Ox. a.o.) Palmer Class Quart. 33,31ff.<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [463] *gʷeh₂- [[go]]<br />Etymology: In the same sense as [[πρόβατα]] we find once in collective meaning the verbal abstract [[πρόβασις]] (β 75 [[κειμήλιά τε πρόβασίν τε]]), which designates here the moving [[cattle]] as [[oppose]]d to the [[lifeless]] ("[[lying]]") [[property]]. The origin from [[προβαίνειν]] (thus already EM) is [[confirm]]ed by it. Thus OIcel. ganganda fé "going [[cattle]]" = [[living stock]] beside liggjanda fé [[κειμήλια]]', Hitt. ii̯ant- [[sheep]] prop. "the going", ptc. of [[ii̯a-]] [[go]], Toch. A śemäl [[small cattle]], prop. vbaladj. of käm-, śäm- [[come]] (= [[βαίνειν]]). Typical for Greek is however the prefix [[προ-]]; so [[πρόβατα]] prop. "those [[go]]ing [[forward]]", a notion, which seems to require an other way of moving as [[opposite]], but has a [[correspondence]] in Av. fra-čar- and Skt. pra-car- [[move forward]] (opposed to [[remain motionless]]); s. Benveniste BSL 45, 91 ff. with [[extensive]] [[treatment]] and [[criticism]] of diverging views (Lommel KZ 46, 46ff.; s. also Kretschmer Glotta 8, 269 f.). -- The plural [[πρόβατα]] is usu., esp. because of the dat. pl. [[πρόβασι]] (Hdn.) for the usual [[προβάτοις]] (Hes.), considered as orig. consonant-stem [[πρόβατα]], to which secondarily [[πρόβατον]] (Bq s.v., Schwyzer 499 with Risch 178, Benveniste l.c., Egli Heteroklisie 41 ff.); against this with good arguments Georgacas Glotta 36, 178 ff., who rightly points to other infinite active [[το-]] participles, e.g. [[στατός]] [[standing]] (s. [[ἵστημι]]). -- In the secondary sense of [[sheep]] [[πρόβατον]] has replaced the older [[ὄις]].