κτάομαι: Difference between revisions

|Definition=Ion. [[κτέομαι]], only as [[varia lectio|v.l.]] in <span class="bibl">Hdt.8.112</span>: fut. <span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> κτήσομαι <span class="bibl">Archil.6.4</span>, <span class="bibl">Thgn.200</span>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Eu.</span>289</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.6.30</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>417a</span>, etc. (in pass. sense, <span class="bibl">Plot.2.9.15</span>, s.v.l.); κεκτήσομαι <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Th.</span>1022</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ba.</span>514</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Grg.</span> 467a</span> ([[ἐκτήσομαι]] in <span class="bibl"><span class="title">La.</span>192e</span>, and prob. in <span class="bibl">Emp.110.4</span>): aor. [[ἐκτησάμην]], Ep.κτ-, <span class="bibl">Od.14.4</span>, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">Pae.</span>2.59</span>, etc.: pf. κέκτημαι <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span>437</span>, etc., ἔκτημαι <span class="bibl">Il.9.402</span>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>795</span>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.44</span>, and sometimes in Pl. ([[κεκτῄμεθα]] and [[ἐκτῆσθαι]] in following lines, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">R.</span>505b</span>, ἐκτῆσθαι τοῦ κεκτῆσθαι ἕνεκα <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Tht.</span> 198d</span>); Ion. 3pl. ἐκτέαται <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.23</span>; subj. κέκτωμαι <span class="bibl">Isoc.3.49</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl. <span class="title">Lg.</span>936b</span>; opt. [[κεκτῄμην]], [[ῇτο]], ib.<span class="bibl">731c</span>, <span class="bibl">742e</span>, κεκτῴμην <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Heracl.</span>282</span> codd.: plpf. ἐκεκτήμην <span class="bibl">And.1.74</span>, <span class="bibl">4.41</span>, <span class="bibl">Lys.2.17</span>, etc.; poet. κεκτήμην <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">IA</span>404</span>; Ion. 3pl. ἔκτηντο <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.108</span>; Att. 1pl. [[ἐκτήμεθα]] [[falsa lectio|f.l.]] in <span class="bibl">And.3.37</span>: for fut. and aor. Pass., v. infr.''III''. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">I</span> pres., impf., fut., and aor., </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">1</span> [[procure for oneself]], [[get]], [[acquire]], κτήμασι τέρπεσθαι τὰ γέρων ἐκτήσατο Πηλεύς <span class="bibl">Il.9.400</span>, etc.; ([[οἰκῆας]]) Od.l.c.; γῆν A.<span class="title">Eu.</span> [[l.c.]], cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Pers.</span>770</span>; of horses, [[win]] (as a prize), <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">N.</span>9.52</span>; <b class="b3">κτήσασθαι βίον ἀπό τινος</b> <b class="b2">to get one's</b> living from a thing, <span class="bibl">Hdt.8.106</span>; [[win]] favour, and the like, <b class="b3">χάριν ἀπό τινος, ἔκ τινος</b>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>471</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ph.</span>1370</span>; παρά τινος <span class="bibl">X. <span class="title">Smp.</span>4.43</span>; τὴν εὔνοιαν τὴν παρὰ τῶν Ἑλλήνων <span class="bibl">Isoc.5.68</span>; <b class="b3">κ. φίλους, ἑταίρους</b>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>1360</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Or.</span>804</span> (troch.); κτήσασθαι παῖδας ἐξ ὁμοσπόρου <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">IT</span>696</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>1499</span>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.8.105</span>; παῖδας ἐς δόμους κτήσασθαι <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Fr.</span>491</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Supp.</span>225</span>; πολλάκις δοκεῖ τὸ φυλάξαι τἀγαθὰ τοῦ κτήσασθαι χαλεπώτερον εἶναι <span class="bibl">D.1.23</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">b</span> of consequences, [[bring upon oneself]], αὑτῷ θάνατον <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>968</span>; [[incur]], <b class="b3">θεᾶς ὀργήν</b> ib.<span class="bibl">777</span>; κακά <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">El.</span>1004</span>; ξυμφοράς <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Or.</span>543</span>; ἔχθραν πρός τινα <span class="bibl">Th.1.42</span>; <b class="b3">δυσσέβειαν κ</b>. [[get]] a name for impiety, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>924</span>; κακὸν λόγον πρὸς ἀστῶν <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Heracl.</span>166</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">IT</span>676</span>; ἐκ τῶν πόνων τὰς ἀρετὰς κ. <span class="bibl">Th.1.123</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">c</span> <b class="b3">κ. τινὰς πολεμίους</b> [[make]] them so, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>5.5.17</span>; οὔ ποτ' εὔνουν τὴν ἐμὴν κτήσῃ φρένα <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span> 1281</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> [[procure]] or [[get]] for another, ἐμοὶ δ' ἐκτήσατο κεῖνος <span class="bibl">Od.20</span>. <span class="bibl">265</span>; μέγαν τέκνοις πλοῦτον ἐκτήσω <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>755</span> (troch.), cf. <span class="bibl">X. <span class="title">Oec.</span>15.1</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> in pf. and plpf. with fut. [[κεκτήσομαι]], [[to have acquired]], i.e. [[possess]], [[hold]] (opp. [[χρῆσθαι]], <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Euthd.</span>28o</span>d), οὐδ' ὅσα φασὶν Ἴλιον ἐκτῆσθαι <span class="bibl">Il.9.402</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">X. <span class="title">Cyr.</span>8.3.46</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phdr.</span>260b</span>; ὅπλα μὴ ἐκτῆσθαι <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.155</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>778</span>; στρατὸν πλεῖστον ἐκτημένοι <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.161</span>; κοινὸν ὄμμ' ἐκτημέναι <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>795</span>; <b class="b3">φωνὴν βάρβαρον κεκτ</b>. <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ag.</span>1051</span>; κεκτ. τινὰ σύμμαχον <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ba.</span>1343</span>; κ. κάλλος <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Smp.</span>1.8</span>; ἀρετήν <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Prt.</span>340e</span>; τέχνην <span class="bibl">Lys.24.6</span>; [[ποίησιν]] to [[be master of]] it, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>829c</span>: dub. in aor., <b class="b3">ἀγορὰς κτησάμενοι</b> [[having]] market-places, <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.153</span> (leg. [[στησάμενοι]]): with impers. subject, <b class="b3">πραγμάτων ἀγῶνας κεκτημένων</b> [[involving]] effort, <span class="bibl">Epicur.<span class="title">Sent.</span>21</span>:—the diff.between pres.and pf. appears from <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>1.6.3</span>, <b class="b3">ἃ [χρήματα] καὶ κτωμένους εὐφραίνει καὶ κεκτημένους… ποιεῖ ζῆν</b>: later, pres. in pf. sense, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Luc.</span>18.12</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">b</span> of evils, ἄγος κεκτήσεται θεῶν <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Th.</span>1022</span>; κακά <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hel.</span>272</span>; φθόνον <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>870c</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">c</span> [[have in store]], opp. [[ἔχω]], [[have in hand]], ready for use, ἔχων τε καὶ κεκτημένος… κακά <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>1278</span>; ἔχειν τε καὶ κεκτῆσθαι τὸ ψεῦδος <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span> 382b</span>. cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Tht.</span>197b</span>, <span class="bibl">198d</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Cra.</span>393b</span>; <b class="b3">κ. ἱμάτιον</b> [[own]], opp. [[ἔχειν]] (wear), <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Tht.</span>197b</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">d</span> abs., to [[be a property owner]], τῶν ἐκτημένων ἐν τῇ χώρᾳ <span class="title">SIG</span>633.73 (Milet., ii B.C.), cf. 888.15 (iii A.D.). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b3">ὁ κεκτημένος</b> [[owner]], [[master]] (esp. of slaves), as [[substantive]], <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Pl.</span>4</span>, etc.; οἱ κ. <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Supp.</span>337</span>; of a husband, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">IA</span>715</span>; <b class="b3">ἡ κεκτημένη</b> my [[mistress]], <span class="bibl">S. <span class="title">Fr.</span>762</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ec.</span>1126</span>, <span class="bibl">Men.<span class="title">Pk.</span>61</span>, al., cf. <span class="bibl">Phryn.Com.48</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">III</span> aor. 1 Pass. [[ἐκτήθην]] in pass. sense, to [[be gotten]], ἃ ἐκτήθη <span class="bibl">Th.1.123</span>, <span class="bibl">2.36</span>; to [[be obtained as property]], δουλόσυνος πρὸς οἶκον κτηθεῖσα <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hec.</span>449</span> (lyr.), cf. <span class="bibl">D.H.10.27</span>, etc.: fut. κτηθήσομαι <span class="bibl">LXX <span class="title">Je.</span>39</span> (<span class="bibl">32</span>).<span class="bibl">43</span>. (Act. [[κτάω]] very late, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PLond.</span>1.77</span> (vi A.D.).)</span>

|etymtx=Grammatical information: v.<br />Meaning: [[acquire]], [[win]], perf. [[possess]].<br />Other forms: Ion. ipf. [[ἐκτέετο]] (as [[varia lectio|v.l.]] Hdt. 8, 112), aor. [[κτήσασθαι]] (Il.), pass. [[κτηθῆναι]] (Th., E.), fut. [[κτήσομαι]] (posthom.), perf. [[ἔκτημαι]], [[κέκτημαι]] (Hes., Att.),<br />Compounds: Often with prefix, e. g. <b class="b3">ἀνα-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐν-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐπι-</b>, <b class="b3">προσ-</b>.<br />Derivatives: Also from the prefixcompp. (here not specif. noted): 1. Dat.pl. [[κτεάτεσσι]] (Hom., Pi., E.), sg. [[κτέαρ]] (hell.) <b class="b2">(acquired) goods, possessions, property</b> with [[κτεατίζω]] [[acquire]] (Il.), [[κτεατισμός]] (Man.; cod. <b class="b3">κτεαν-</b>). - 2. [[κτέανα]] n. pl., sec. a. rare <b class="b3">-ον</b> sg. <b class="b2">id.</b> (Hes., also Hp.), <b class="b3">φιλο-κτεανώτατε</b> voc. (A 122; Sommer Nominalkomp. 69), <b class="b3">πολυ-κτέανος</b> (Pi.). On [[κτεάτεσσι]] and [[κτέανα]] s. below. - 3. [[κτήματα]] n. pl. (Il.), also sg. (ο 19), [[goods]], [[landed property]], also [[domestic animals]] (Chantraine Rev. de phil. 72, 5ff.), with <b class="b3">κτημάτ-ιον</b> (Alkiphr., pap.), <b class="b3">-ίδιον</b> (pap. VIp), <b class="b3">-ικός</b> [[rich]] (hell.), <b class="b3">-ίτης</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (Lycurg.; Redard Les noms grecs en <b class="b3">-της</b> 28); as 2. member a. o. in <b class="b3">πολυ-κτήμων</b> [[rich in possessions]] (Il.) with <b class="b3">-μοσύνη</b> (Poll.). - 4. [[κτήνεα]], <b class="b3">-νη</b> n. pl., rarely <b class="b3">-νος</b> sg. [[domestic animals]] (esp. Ion., hell.), prob. directly from [[κτάομαι]] with <b class="b3">νος-</b>suffix (Chantraine Formation 420; very complicated hypothesis in Egli Heteroklisie 48 f.); from it [[κτηνηδόν]] [[after the kind of animals]] (Hdt.), [[κτηνύδριον]] (pap.); often as 1. member, e.g. <b class="b3">κτηνο-τρόφος</b> [[cattle-keeper]] (hell.). - 5. [[κτῆσις]] [[acquisition]], [[possession]] (Il.; Holt Les noms d'action en <b class="b3">-σις</b> 82 ff.) with [[κτήσιος]] [[regarding the possessions]], <b class="b3">Ζεὑς Κτήσιος</b> as protector of possessions (IA.; Nilsson Gr. Rel. 1, 403 ff.); dimin. <b class="b3">κτησ(ε</b>) [[ίδιον]] (Arr.). - 6. [[κτεάτειρα]] f. <b class="b2">who possesses (fem.)</b> (A. Ag. 356 ), archaising after [[κτεάτεσσι]] a. o. for <b class="b3">-κτήτειρα</b>, <b class="b3">-τρια</b> (in <b class="b3">προ-κτήτρια</b> [[former possessor]], pap.) to [[κτήτωρ]] m. [[possessor]] (D. S., pap., Act. Ap.) with [[κτητορικός]] (pap.); details in Fraenkel Nom. ag. 2, 29f., 1, 183 n. 1, Schwyzer 474 n. 3. - 7. <b class="b3">Φιλο-κτή-της</b> PN (Il.), compound from [[φίλος]] and [[κτάομαι]] with <b class="b3">τη-</b>suffix; Att. [[Φιλοσκήτης]] (Kretschmer Glotta 4, 351). -8. Verbal adjectives: [[κτητός]] [[to acquire]], [[acquired]] (I 408; Ammann <b class="b3">Μνήμης χάριν</b> 1,14); usually <b class="b3">ἐπίκτη-τος</b> [[also acquired]], [[newly acquired]] (IA.); [[κτητικός]] [[of what was acquired]] (Att.), cf. Chantraine Ét. sur le vocab. grec 137. - 9. Unclear is <b class="b3">ἀκτῆνες πένητες</b>, [[ἠργηκότες]] (EM55, 11); after Solmsen Wortforsch. 143 prob. from <b class="b3">*ἀ-κτη-ῆνες</b>. Except the rare and relatively late attested present [[κτάομαι]] all forms have <b class="b3">κτη-(ἔγκτασις</b> hyperdoric after [[ἔμπασις]]; s. [[πάσασθαι]]). Also [[κτεάτεσσι]], [[κτέαρ]] go back to a heteroklitic <b class="b3">*κτῆ-Ϝαρ</b>, <b class="b3">-Ϝατος</b>; besides [[κτέανα]] as rest of the old oblique <b class="b2">n-</b>stem <b class="b3">*κτη-Ϝαν-α</b>, which gave sg. [[κτέανον]], s. Schwyzer 519 n. 6, Egli Heteroklisie 32.<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [626] *??[[eh₁]]/<b class="b2">₂-</b> [[rule]]? gain, acquire?<br />Etymology: The oldcomparison with Indo-Iran. present Skt. <b class="b2">kṣáyati</b> = Av. [[xšayeiti]], <b class="b2">-te</b> [[rule]], [[order]], [[have power]] is semantically unproblemtic, but formally already less convincing, as [[κτάομαι]] makes the inpression of being an innovation and the well established non-present forms of Greek have no Indo-Iran. agreements. A further problem was Skt. <b class="b2">kṣáy-ati</b>; this form does not continue <b class="b2">*ksǝi̯eti</b>; the solution is <b class="b2">*ksH-ei-</b>, which was unknown until recently; this solution can also be used to explain Skt. <b class="b2">kṣa-trám</b> - Av. [[xša-θrǝm]] [[rule]]. The equation of [[κτάομαι]] [[acquire]] and Skt. <b class="b2">kṣáyati</b> is therefore less evident. Cf. LIV 334, 562; EWAia 426 -- Pok. 626.