κρούω: Difference between revisions

|etymtx=Grammatical information: v.<br />Meaning: [[push]], [[strike]], [[stamp]] (Hp., Att.).<br />Other forms: Aor. [[κροῦσαι]], pass. <b class="b3">-σθῆναι</b>, perf. midd. <b class="b3">κέκρου(σ)μαι</b>, act. [[κέκρουκα]].<br />Compounds: Very often with preflx, <b class="b3">ἀνα-</b>, <b class="b3">δια-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐκ-</b>, <b class="b3">παρα-</b>, <b class="b3">συν-</b>.<br />Derivatives: Also from the prefixcompp. in several meanings (here not esp. noted): [[κροῦμα]], <b class="b3">-σμα</b> [[sound made through bumping]], [[tone]], [[melody]] (Hp., Att.) with <b class="b3">κρου(σ)-ματικός</b> (hell.), [[κροῦσις]] <b class="b2">striking, especially of the strings, string music</b> (Hp., Att.), [[κρουσμός]] <b class="b2">id.</b> (hell.); <b class="b3">ἀνακρουσ-ία παιδιᾶς εἶδος ἐπὶ σφαίρας</b> H.; <b class="b3">ἐπικρούσ-τιον</b> name of a rnedic. instrument (medic.), <b class="b3">-τήριον</b> [[hammer]] (Gloss.); [[κρουστικός]] [[good for pushing]] (Hp., Ar., Arist.); <b class="b3">Προκρούσ-της</b> name of a mythical brigand (X.). -- For [[κρούω]] Homer has the enlarged [[κροαίνω]] (Z 507 = O 264 [[κροαίνων]] [[stamping]], [[galopping]]; after these Opp., Philostr.); cf. Debrunner IF 21, 43.<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [622] <b class="b2">*krou(s)-</b> [[push]], [[bunp]], [[strike]], [[break]]<br />Etymology: To [[κροιός]] s. below and s. v. The Greek verbal system and the deriv. nouns is based on a stem <b class="b3">κρουσ-</b>; the present can be <b class="b3">*κρούσ-ω</b> or <b class="b3">*κρούσ-ιω</b>. The pair [[κρούω]] : [[κροαίνω]] agrees with [[ἀκούω]] : [[ἀκοή]] and must be explained in the same way; a base-form <b class="b3">*κροϜάν-ι̯ω</b> without [[σ]] (Bechtel Lex. s. v. with Fraenkel Denom. 23 n. 2) is unnecessary. Also [[κροιός]] (s. v.) can go back on <b class="b3">*κρουσ-ι̯ός</b> (with functional <b class="b3">-ιο-</b> retained). - With [[κρούω]] from IE <b class="b2">krous-</b> agrees exactly Slav., e.g. OCS <b class="b2">sъ-krušǫ</b>, <b class="b2">-šiti</b>, Russ. [[krušitь]] [[συντρίβειν]], [[θραύειν]], [[κρούειν]]'; the same fullgrade also in Latv. <b class="b2">kràusêt</b> <b class="b2">stamp (off)</b>, Lith. <b class="b2">kraušýti</b> <b class="b2">id.</b>. Beside it with zero grade, IE. <b class="b2">krus-</b>, e.g. CS ORuss. [[krъcha]], Russ. <b class="b2">krochá</b> [[morsel]], [[crumb]], Lith. <b class="b2">krušù</b>, <b class="b2">krùšti</b> <b class="b2">stamp, push (apart)</b>; with fullgrade <b class="b2">kreus-</b> Lith. <b class="b2">kriaũšti</b> [[sting]]. - Solmsen KZ 29, 97 a. n., Pok. 622f., Fraenkel Wb. s. <b class="b2">krùšti</b>, Vasmer Wb. s. <b class="b2">krochá</b> a. <b class="b2">krušítь</b>.