ὀφείλω: Difference between revisions

|etymtx=Grammatical information: v.<br />Meaning: <b class="b2">to owe, to have to pay, to be obliged, to be due</b> (IA., also Il.)<br />Other forms: [[ὀφέλλω]] (Aeol., Arc., also Hom.), [[ὀφήλω]] (Cret., Arc., Arg.), aor. 1. <b class="b3">ὀφειλ-ῆσαι</b>, pass. <b class="b3">-ηθῆναι</b>, fut. <b class="b3">-ήσω</b> (hell. also <b class="b3">-έσω</b>), perf. [[ὠφείληκα]] (Att.), aor. 2. [[ὤφελον]], [[ὄφελον]] (Il., Att.). Beside it [[ὀφρλισκάνω]], fut. <b class="b3">ὀφλ-ήσω</b>, aor. 1. <b class="b3">-ῆσαι</b>, perf. [[ὤφληκα]] (Att.), ptc. dat. pl. [[Ϝοφληκόσι]], 3. pl. [<b class="b3">Ϝο]φλέασι</b> (Arc.), aor. 2. [[ὀφλεῖν]] (IA.), also wit <b class="b3">ἐπ-</b>, <b class="b3">προσ-</b>, [[to be guilty]], [[to incur a punishment]], [[to be sentenced]].<br />Dialectal forms: On Myc. [[opero]] etc. Lejeune Rev. ét. anc. 58, 19f. w. n. 58, BSL 52, 197 n. 5.<br />Compounds: Also w. prefix, e.g. <b class="b3">προ-</b>, <b class="b3">προσ-</b>.<br />Derivatives: A. From pres. [[ὀφείλω]] : <b class="b3">ὀφειλ-έτης</b> m., <b class="b3">-έτις</b> f. [[debtor]] (S., Pl.; Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 62 a. 241 f.) with <b class="b3">-έσιον</b> n. [[small debt]] (Eust.), <b class="b3">-ημα</b> n. (Th., Pl., Arist.; [[ὀφήλωμα]] [Cret.] after [[ἀνάλωμα]]), <b class="b3">-ησις</b> f. (pap. IIIa) [[debt]], [[indebted sum]]; <b class="b3">-ή</b> f. [[debt]], [[leasing]] (pap., NT). B. From the aorist [[ὀφλεῖν]] : <b class="b3">ὄφλ-ημα</b> n. (D., Arist., pap.), <b class="b3">-ησις</b> f. (LXX) [[penalty]], [[fine]]; <b class="b3">-ητής</b> m. [[debtor]] (gloss.), <b class="b3">ὀφλοί ὀφειλέται</b>, [[ὀφειλαί]] H.<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European]X [probably] [not in Pok.] <b class="b2">*h₃bʰel-</b> [[owe]], [[be obliged]]<br />Etymology: The system [[ὀφλεῖν]] : <b class="b3">ὀφλισκ-άνω</b> : [[ὀφλήσω]] : [[ὤφληκα]] agrees with (except for the enlarging <b class="b3">-άνω</b>; Schwyzer 700) the group [[εὑρεῖν]] : [[εὑρίσκω]], [[εὑρήσω]], [[εὕρηκα]]; to this came the aorist [[ὀφλῆσαι]] (Lys. a. late); also [<b class="b3">Ϝο]φλέ-ασι</b> has the same enlarged zero grade without second. [[κ]]. Beside this system built on a zero grade themat. aorist stands another, based on the full grade aorist [[ὤφελον]], to which came the nasal present <b class="b3">*ὀφέλ-νω</b> ( > [[ὀφείλω]], [[ὀφέλλω]], [[ὀφήλω]]) like [[ἔτεμον]] : [[τέμνω]]. As the formation of the present [[ὀφείλω]] became unclear through the phonetic development, it could become the basis of another system. Also semantically the formal pairs went different ways. -- An old problem provides <b class="b3">Ϝο-</b> which appears only in an Arc. inscription. While some, e.g. Brugmann IF 29, 241 (cf. on [[οἴγνυμι]]), want to see in it a prefix (to Lat. <b class="b2">au-</b>, <b class="b2">vē-</b>, Skt. <b class="b2">áva</b> <b class="b2">away (from)</b>; diff. Vollgraff Mél. Bq 2, 339), others are inclined, e.g. Solmsen KZ 34, 450f., Fraenkel Phil. 97, 162, to see <b class="b3">Ϝο-</b> as reversed writing for <b class="b3">ὀ-</b> (further in Schwyzer 226 n. 1). -- Further quite isolated and dark; an attempt to connect [[ὀφείλω]] etc. with [[ὀφέλλω]] [[augment]] in v. Windekens Ling.Posn. 8, 35 ff. -- On the explanation of the individual forms Schwyzer 709 and 746 w. n. 9 (partly diff.), also Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 314 (w. lit.) a. 394;