πτερόν: Difference between revisions

|etymtx=Cf. πέτομαι<br />Grammatical information: n.<br />Meaning: [[feather]], [[wing]], [[pinion]], also metaph. of feather- and wing-like objects (Il.).<br />Compounds: Compp., e.g. <b class="b3">πτερο-φόρος</b> [[feathered]], [[winged]] (A., E.), <b class="b3">ὑπό-πτερος</b> <b class="b2">(swift) winged</b> (Pi., IA.; on the formation Schwyzer-Debrunner 532 w. n. 6 a. lit.); on <b class="b3">ὑπο-πετρ-ίδιος</b> s.v.<br />Derivatives: 1. <b class="b3">πτερό-εις</b> [[provided with feathers or wings]] (ep. poet. Il.; cf. Kretschmer Glotta 27, 249 a. 278 w. lit., also Yorke Class Quart. 30, 151 f.); opposite <b class="b3">ἄ-πτερος</b> (Od.), a.o. of [[μῦθος]] (as opposite of <b class="b3">ἔπεα πτερόεντα</b>; diff., improbable, Hainsworth Glotta 38, 263ff.); 2. <b class="b3">πτερω-τός</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (IA.), <b class="b3">-τικός</b> [[belonging to plumage]] (Vp); 3. <b class="b3">-μα</b> n. [[plumage]] (A. fr., Pl. Phdr. a.o.; rather enlarged from [[πτερόν]] than from [[πτερόομαι]]); 4. <b class="b3">πτερό-της</b> f. [[winged condition]] (Arist.); 5. <b class="b3">πτέρ-ων</b> m. n. of an unknown bird (Com. Adesp.), <b class="b3">-νις</b> m. n. of a kind of hawk (Arist.); 6. <b class="b3">πτερ-όομαι</b>, <b class="b3">-όω</b>, also m. <b class="b3">ἐκ-συν-</b>, [[to get wings]], [[to become fledged]] resp. [[to feather]], [[to wing]] (IA.) with <b class="b3">-ωσις</b> f. [[feathering]], [[plumage]] (Ar., Arist. etc.). -- Beside it [[πτέρυξ]], <b class="b3">-υγος</b> f. [[wing]], like [[πτερόν]] often metaph. (Il.). Often as 2. member, e.g. <b class="b3">τανύ-πτερυξ</b> (Il.), also πτερόν <b class="b3">-πτέρυγ-ος</b> (Simon.) [[spreading the wings]]; extensively Sommer Nominalkomp. 70f. (cf. on [[τανύω]]). -- From [[πτέρυξ]] 1. dimin. <b class="b3">πτερύγ-ιον</b> n. des. of several winglike objects (Hp., Arist.); 2. <b class="b3">-ώδης</b> [[wing-like]] (Hp., Thphr.); 3. <b class="b3">-ωτός</b> [[provided with wings]] (Arist.); 4. <b class="b3">-ωμα</b> n. <b class="b2">poultry etc.</b> (late); 5. <b class="b3">πτερυγ-ίζω</b>, also w. <b class="b3">ἀνα-</b> a.o., [[to move the wings]] (Ar.); <b class="b3">-όομαι</b>, <b class="b3">-όω</b> meaning unclear (Lesb. lyr. resp. medic.), <b class="b3">ἀπο-</b> πτερόν [[to lose the wings]] (Vett. Val.); <b class="b3">πτερ-ύσσω</b>, also w. <b class="b3">δια-</b> a.o., [[to flap with the wings]] (Archil.[?], hell.), perhaps from [[πτερόν]]; cf. Schwyzer 725 w. lit.<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [825] <b class="b2">*pet(h₂)-</b> [[fly]]<br />Etymology: Beside <b class="b3">πτερ-όν</b> stand on the one hand Arm. <b class="b2">t`er</b> [[side]], with lengthened vowel <b class="b2">t`i̇r</b> [[flight]], <b class="b2">t`r-čim</b>, aor. <b class="b2">t`r-eay</b> [[fly]], on the other Skt. <b class="b2">pátr-am</b> n. [[wing]], [[feather]], Lat. [[acci-piter]], <b class="b2">-tr-is</b> [[hawk]], Germ., e.g. OHG [[fedara]], OWNo. <b class="b2">fjǫðr</b> f. [[feather]]', all going back on IE <b class="b2">*pter-</b> resp. <b class="b2">*petr-</b> (the last also in <b class="b3">ὑποπετριδίων ὀνείρων</b> [[winged dreams]] [Alcm. 23, 49; cf. Kock ad loc.]?). The <b class="b2">r-</b>stem is still found in Hitt. [[patt-ar]] ([[pitt-ar]]?) n., to which with heteroclit. gen. pl. <b class="b2">-an-aš</b>; a continuation of the alternating <b class="b2">n-</b>stem a.o. in Lat. [[penna]] f. [[feather]], [[wing]] from <b class="b2">*pet-n-ā</b>. At the basis is the verb for [[fly]] in [[πέτομαι]], <b class="b3">πτέ-σθαι</b>, s. v. -- A disyllabic form is seen in Skt. <b class="b2">patar-á-</b> [[flying]], beside which <b class="b2">patár-u-</b> <b class="b2">id.</b>, which reminds of the <b class="b2">u-</b>stem in <b class="b3">πτέρ-υ-ξ</b>(?). As for -(<b class="b3">υ)γ-</b> no convincing example inside Greek can be found ([[ὄρτυξ]] and other birdnames are too far off), several connections have been suggested: Skt. <b class="b2">pataṅ-g-á-</b> [[flying]] (for <b class="b2">patan-</b> cf. <b class="b2">petn-</b> above; on [[g]] s. [[ἀστράγαλος]] [but this is Pre-Greek]), Av. <b class="b2">fra-ptǝrǝǰāt-</b> [[bird]] (analysis uncertain: from <b class="b2">*ptǝrǝ-g-</b> [[wing]]?), Lat. [[protervus]] [[turbulent]] (from <b class="b2">*pro-pterg-u̯os</b>?), OLFr. [[fetheracco]] gen. pl. [[alarum]]. -- Controversial is the connection with Slav. (OCS, Russ. etc.) <b class="b2">peró</b> n. [[feather]], which cannot be directly equated with [[πτερόν]] and perhaps rather belongs to Skt. <b class="b2">parṇám</b> n. [[wing]], [[feather]], [[leaf]] etc. After Petersson KZ 47, 272 [[πτερόν]] would be a cross of <b class="b3">*περόν</b> (= Slav. <b class="b2">peró</b>) and [[πτέρυξ]]. Here further Toch. B [[parwa]] pl. [[feathers]]; cf. v. Windekens Orbis 11, 194. -- Further details w. rich lit. in WP. 2, 20f., Pok. 826, W.-Hofmann s. [[accipiter]], [[penna]], [[prōtervus]], Mayrhofer s. <b class="b2">pataráḥ</b>, <b class="b2">pátram</b>, <b class="b2">parṇám</b>, Vasmer s. <b class="b2">peró</b>; also Specht 216f. (much that is uncertain).