ἧμαι: Difference between revisions

|Definition=<span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> ἧσαι, ἧσται E.<span class="title">Alc.</span> (v. infr.) (but <b class="b3">κάθ-ηται</b>, v. [[κάθημαι]]), ἧσθον <span class="bibl"><span class="title">h.Ap.</span>456</span>, ἥμεθα, ἧστε, ἧνται <span class="bibl">Call.<span class="title">Fr.</span>122</span>, Ep. εἵᾰται <span class="bibl">Il.10.100</span>, ἕᾰται <span class="bibl">3.134</span> (κατέαται <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.199</span>); imper. ἧσο Hom., [[ἥσθω]] (καθ-) <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>916</span>; subj. and opt. only in compd. <b class="b3">καθ-</b>; inf. [[ἧσθαι]]; part. [[ἥμενος]]: impf. [[ἥμην]], [[ἧσο]], [[ἧστο]] (but <b class="b3">ἐκάθητο, καθ-ῆτο</b>, v. [[κάθημαι]]), dual [[ἥσθην]] (ἑήσθην <span class="bibl">Orph.<span class="title">A.</span>815</span>), pl. [[ἥμεθα]] (ἥμεσθα <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">IA</span>88</span>), ἧσθε <span class="bibl">Cratin.142</span>, [[ἧντο]], Ep. εἵᾰτο <span class="bibl">Il.7.61</span>, [[ἕᾰτο]] ib.<span class="bibl">414</span>, ἐκατέατο <span class="bibl">Hdt.8.73</span> ([[varia lectio|v.l.]] [[ἐκαθ-]]): (I.-E. <b class="b2">ēs-</b>, cf. Skt. [[āste]] (= [[ἧσται]]) 'sits'; aspirate borrowed from [[ἵζω]], [[ἕζομαι]]; Ep. <b class="b3">εἵαται εἵατο</b> fr. <b class="b3">ἥαται ἥατο</b> (which shd. perhaps be restored) through <b class="b3">ἕαται ἕατο</b>):—to [[be seated]], [[sit]], <span class="bibl">Il.1.498</span>, etc.: freq. with collat. sense, [[sit still]], [[sit idle]], <span class="bibl">2.255</span>, <span class="bibl">18.104</span>, etc.; ἧσθαι ἐν εἰρήνῃ <span class="bibl">Callin.1.4</span>; κατ' οἴκους ἐκτὸς ἡμένῳ πόνων <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Fr.</span>10</span>; of an army, [[encamp]], <span class="bibl">Il.15.740</span>, <span class="bibl">24.542</span>; πόλιν ἀμφί <span class="bibl">18.509</span>; πρόσθε τειχέων <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Supp.</span>664</span>; of a spy, [[lurk]], <span class="bibl">Il.18.523</span>: metaph., <b class="b3">πρὸς ἐμᾷ ψυχᾷ θάρσος ἧσται</b> c. acc. et inf., <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Alc.</span> 604</span> (lyr.); [[lie hid]], <b class="b3">ἥατ' ἐνὶ Τρώων ἀγορῇ κεκαλυμμένοι ἵππῳ</b>, i.e. in the wooden horse, <span class="bibl">Od.8.503</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">512</span>; of magistrates, ἐν ἀρχαῖς ἥμενοι <span class="bibl">E. <span class="title">Andr.</span>699</span>; δαιμόνων σέλμα σεμνὸν ἡμένων <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>183</span> (lyr.); later, of things, [[lie]], ἱρὸν ἧσται <span class="bibl">Hdt.9.57</span>; ἐπὶ στέγος ἱερὸν ἧνται κάλπιδες <span class="bibl">Call. <span class="title">Fr.</span>122</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Syr.D.</span>31</span>; <b class="b3">ἡμένῳ ἐν χώρῳ</b> (or [[χόρτῳ]]) in [[a low]] place, <span class="bibl">Theoc.13.40</span>:—Constr.: mostly with Preps., ἐνὶ δίφρῳ <span class="bibl">Il.16.403</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>368</span>, etc.; ἐπὶ κορυφῆς <span class="bibl">Il.14.158</span>; ἐπ' ἐσχάραις <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Eu.</span>806</span>; παρὰ κλισίῃ <span class="bibl">Il.1.330</span>, etc.; ἀνὰ Γαργάρῳ <span class="bibl">15.153</span>: c. dat., Ὀλύμπῳ <span class="bibl">13.524</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">21.389</span>, etc.; [[ἐρετμοῖς]] at the oar, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Cyc.</span>16</span>; ἀνορόφοις πέτραις <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ba.</span> 38</span>: rarely c. acc., <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>183</span> (v. supr.); Σιμόεντος κοίτας <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Rh.</span>547</span>: c. part . . <b class="b3">τίη . . ἧσ' ὀλιγηπελέων</b>; <span class="bibl">Il.15.245</span>; [[ὀδυρόμενος]], [[ἀλλοφρονέων]], <span class="bibl">Od.14.41</span>, <span class="bibl">10.374</span>; <b class="b3">πεφυλαγμένος ἧσο</b> Orac. ap. <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.148</span>; ἐκπεπληγμένη <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>24</span>.</span>

|etymtx=Grammatical information: v.<br />Meaning: [[sit]].<br />Other forms: 3. sg. [[ἧσται]], 3. pl. [[εἵαται]] (for [[ἥαται]]), [[ἕαται]], ipf. [[ἥμην]] (Il.); IA. has <b class="b3">κάθ-ημαι</b> (<b class="b3">κάτ-</b>), [[κάθηται]], 3. pl. [[κάθηνται]], <b class="b3">κατ-έαται</b>, ipf. (<b class="b3">ἐ-)καθήμην</b><br />Compounds: With prefix <b class="b3">ἔφ-</b>, rarely <b class="b3">ἄφ-</b>, <b class="b3">ἔν-</b>, <b class="b3">μέθ-</b>, <b class="b3">ὕφ-ημαι</b> (Il., Od.). Very often to [[κάθημαι]], because this was seen as simplex, e. g. <b class="b3">ἐγ-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐπι-</b>, <b class="b3">προ-</b>, <b class="b3">συγ-κάθημαι</b> (IA).<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [342] <b class="b2">*h₁eh₁s-</b>? [[sit]]<br />Etymology: Old verb for [[to sit]], also in Indo-Iranian and Hittite (and relared languages): Skt. <b class="b2">ā́ste</b>, Av. [[āste]] = [[ἧσται]] (IE <b class="b2">*h₁eh₁s-tai</b>), Skt. <b class="b2">ā́sate</b> = [[ἥαται]] (IE <b class="b2">*ēs-n̥tai</b>; Av. <b class="b2">ā̊ŋhǝnte</b> thematic reshaping); with other inflection Hitt. 3. sg. <b class="b2">eša(-ri</b>), 3. pl. <b class="b2">ešanta(-ri</b>), Luw. <b class="b2">aš-</b>, Hier.-Luw. <b class="b2">as-</b>. The spiritus comes from [[ἕζομαι]], [[ἵζω]] (diff. Lohmann Gnomon 16, 63; s. also Schwyzer 680 n. 1). On the delimitation of IE <b class="b2">ēs-</b> against <b class="b2">sed-</b> cf. Porzig Gliederung 91.