ὄρθρος: Difference between revisions

|Definition=ὁ, <span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> [[the time just before]] or <b class="b2">about daybreak, dawn, cock-crow</b> (ἀπ' ὄρθρου μέχρι περ ἂν ἥλιος ἀνάσχῃ <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>951d</span>), τάχα δ' ὄ. ἐγίγνετο δημιοεργός <span class="bibl"><span class="title">h.Merc.</span>98</span>; ἐπειδὰν ὄ. ᾖ <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ach.</span>256</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Av.</span>496</span>, etc.; ὄρθρου [[at dawn]], <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span>577</span>, <span class="bibl">Sopat.25</span>, <span class="bibl">Aristopho 10</span>; ὄρθρου γενομένου <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.198</span>; ἅμα ὄρθρῳ <span class="bibl">Id.7.188</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.3.112</span>, etc.; ἐς ὄρθρον <span class="bibl">Theoc.18.56</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyn.</span>6.6</span>; κατ' ὄρθρον <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">V.</span>772</span>; περὶ ὄρθρον <span class="bibl">Th.6.101</span> (cf. [[περίορθρος]]); <b class="b3">πρὸς ὄρθρον</b> towards [[dawn]], <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Lys.</span>1089</span>; πρὸς ὄρθρον γ' ἐστίν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ec.</span>20</span>; ὑπ' ὄρθρον <span class="bibl">Batr.103</span>; ὑπὸ τὸν ὄ. <span class="bibl">D.C.76.17</span>; <b class="b3">τὸν ὄ</b>., abs., [[in the morning]], <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.181</span>; <b class="b3">δι' ὄρθρων</b> each [[morning early]], <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">El.</span> 909</span>; <b class="b3">ὄ. βαθύς</b> dim [[morning twilight]], ἀλλὰ νῦν ὄ. β. <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">V.</span>216</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl. <span class="title">Cri.</span>43a</span>, <span class="bibl">Theoc.18.14</span>; τῆς παρελθούσης νυκτὸς... ἔτι βαθέος ὄ. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Prt.</span> 310a</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Luc.</span>24.1</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> Ὄρθρος, ὁ, a mythical dog, son of Typhaon and Echidna, that kept the herds of Geryoneus on the island Erytheia, and was there killed by Heracles, <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Th.</span>309</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">293</span> ([[varia lectio|v.l.]] [[Ὄρθος]]).</span>

|etymtx=Grammatical information: m.<br />Meaning: <b class="b2">time before daybreak, the time of cock-crow, first dawn</b>, later [[the beginning day]], [[morning]] (h.Merc. 98, Hes. Op. 577; on the meaning Wackernagel Unt. 193).<br />Compounds: Some compp., e.g. <b class="b3">ὀρθρο-βόας</b> m. "morning-caller", denom. of the cock (AP; cf. on <b class="b3">ἠϊ-κανός</b>), <b class="b3">τὸ περί-ορθρον</b> [[dawn]] (Th., Hdn.).<br />Derivatives: 1. Adj. <b class="b3">ὄρθρ-ιος</b> <b class="b2">belonging to ὄ., happening at ὄ.</b> (h. Merc. 143), [[Όρθρία]] f. name of a goddess (Schwenn RhM 86, 298); <b class="b3">-ινός</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (Arat., LXX, AP, cf. <b class="b3">ἑωθ-ινός</b> a.o.), <b class="b3">-ίδιος</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (AP: [[ἀΐδιος]] a.o.); comp. forms <b class="b3">ὀρθριαί-τερος</b>, <b class="b3">-τατος</b> (Hdn.), adv. also <b class="b3">ὀρθρί-τερον</b> (pap.) after <b class="b3">πρωΐ-</b>, <b class="b3">ὀψί-τερον</b> (Schwyzer 534, Radermacher Festschr. Kretschmer 154ff.). 2. Verbs: a) <b class="b3">ὀρθρ-εύω</b>, <b class="b3">-ομαι</b> [[to be sleepless]], [[awake in the early morning]] (E., Theoc.) with the backformation [[Ὄρθρος]] m. name of a mythical dog (Hes. Th. 309; Kretschmer Glotta 13, 270), with <b class="b3">ἐπ-</b> also to [[be up early]] (D. Chr., Luc.); b) <b class="b3">-ίζω</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (LXX, Ev. Luc.) with (<b class="b3">ἑπ-)ορθρισμός</b> m. (Aq, Plu.).<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European]X [probably] [cf. 1167]<br />Etymology: Already the meaning [[time before daybreak]], [[first light of the morning]] is not favourable to the old connection to Lat. ([[sol]]) [[oriens]], [[ortus]] m. <b class="b2">rise (of a star)</b>; if <b class="b3">Ϝορθ-αγορίσκος</b> stands for <b class="b3">*Ϝορθρ-</b> (cf. s.v.), this explanation is definitely impossible. Then [[ὄρθρος]] can better be connected with [[ὀρθός]] a. cogn., with which esp. the Slavic cognates, e.g. OCS [[ranъ]] [[ὄρθριος]] Russ. <b class="b2">ráno</b> [[early]] are remarkable. The supposed suffixdiff. in [[ranъ]] from <b class="b2">*u̯rōdh-no-</b> and <b class="b3">ὄρθ-ρος</b> has been explained from an old interchange [[n]] : [[r]] [which does not seem very probable]. Thus [[ὄρθρος]] would be prop. "the growing (of the daylight)" after the dark of midnight, what would agree better with the orig. use of [[ὄρθρος]]. -- Lit. s. on [[ὀρθός]] (after J. Schmidt KZ 33. 456f., Lidén GHÅ 5 [1899] 23f.); Benveniste Origines 19.