τόνος: Difference between revisions

|Definition=ὁ, (τείνω) <span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> [[that by which a thing is stretched]], or [[that which can itself be stretched]], [[cord]], [[brace]], [[band]], <b class="b3">οἱ τ. τῶν κλινέων</b> the [[cords]] of beds or chairs, <span class="bibl">Hdt.9.118</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Eq.</span>532</span> (anap.), <span class="bibl">Philippid.12</span>, <span class="title">Michel</span> 832.48 (Samos, iv B.C.); sg., [[bedcords]], <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Lys.</span>923</span>; ὠμολίνου μακροὶ τόνοι <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Fr.</span>206</span>; <b class="b3">ἐκ τριῶν τ</b>. of three [[plies]] or [[strands]], of ropes, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyn.</span>10.2</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> in animals, [[τόνοι]] are [[sinews]] or [[tendons]], <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Art.</span>11</span> ( = [[nerves]] acc. to Gal.18(1).380):—of pneumogastric [[nerves]], <span class="bibl">Ruf.<span class="title">Onom.</span>158</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> in machines, [[twisted skeins of gut in torsion-engines]], <span class="bibl">Ph.<span class="title">Bel.</span>65.34</span>, al., <span class="bibl">Hero <span class="title">Bel.</span>83.4</span>, <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Marc.</span> 15</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">b</span> in the [[γαστραφέτης]], = [[αἱ ἐκ τῶν ἄκρων κάμψεις]], <span class="bibl">Hero <span class="title">Bel.</span> 75.7</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">c</span> in dockyard equipment, ὑποζωμάτων τέτταρας τόνους ἐγ νεωρίων <span class="title">IG</span>22.1673.12; <b class="b3">τ. αἰχμάλωτοι</b> ib.1610.23; <b class="b3">τ. αἰχμάλωτος ἀδόκιμος</b> ib.1613.282. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">4</span> [[row]] or [[line]] of pillars, ib.1668.48. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> [[stretching]], [[tightening]], [[straining]], [[strain]], [[tension]], ὁ τ. τῶν ὅπλων <span class="bibl">Hdt. 7.36</span>; [[power of contracting muscles]], <span class="bibl">Sor.1.112</span>; τ. καὶ ῥώμη <span class="bibl">Id.2.48</span>; <b class="b3">τὸν τῆς ὁλκῆς τ. ὑπεκλῦσαι</b> diminish the [[strength]] of the pull, ib. <span class="bibl">61</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> of sounds, [[raising]] of the voice, <span class="bibl">Aeschin.3.209</span>,210, <span class="bibl">D.18.280</span>, <span class="bibl">Phld.<span class="title">Lib.</span>p.19</span> O., etc.: hence, </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">a</span> [[pitch]] of the voice, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span> 617b</span>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Phgn.</span>807a17</span>, etc.; including [[volume]], τόνοι φωνῆς· ὀξύ, βαρύ, μικρόν, μέγα <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyn.</span>6.20</span>; <b class="b3">κλαυθμυρίσαι μετὰ τόνου τοῦ προσήκοντος</b>, of a new-born baby, <span class="bibl">Sor.1.79</span>; τῷ αὐτῷ τ. εἰπεῖν <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Rh.</span> 1413b31</span>; ἐν τ. ἀνιεμένοις καὶ βαρέσι <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Aud.</span>804a26</span>; <b class="b3">τὴν φωνὴν καὶ τὸν τ. ἐξάραντα</b> Hieronym. ap. <span class="bibl">D.H.<span class="title">Isoc.</span>13</span> (cf. Phld.<span class="title">Rh.</span>1.198 S.); σῴζειν τὸν τ. Longin.9.13: pl., Phld.<span class="title">Rh.</span>1.196S.; of a musical instrument, Plu.2.827b, etc.; [[diatonic scale]], APl.4.220 (Antip.): metaph. of colour, '[[values]]', <span class="bibl">Plin.<span class="title">HN</span>35.29</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">b</span> [[pitch]] or [[accent]] of a word or syllable, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Rh.</span>1403b29</span>, <span class="bibl">D.T.629.27</span>, <span class="bibl">A.D.<span class="title">Pron.</span>8.8</span>, al., Gal.16.495 (the meaning of the Adv. [[τόνῳ]] mentioned by <span class="bibl">A.D. <span class="title">Adv.</span>167.2</span> is not given by him ( = [[λίαν]], Hsch.); [[τόνῳ]], = [[μετὰ προθυμίας ἰσχυρᾶς]], was read by Gal. (16.585) in <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Prorrh.</span>1.36</span> (<b class="b3">ξὺν τόνῳ</b> or <b class="b3">ξὺν πόνῳ</b> codd.Hp.)). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">c</span> [[measure]] or [[metre]], ἐν ἑξαμέτρῳ τ. <span class="bibl">Hdt. 1.47</span>,<span class="bibl">62</span>, <span class="bibl">5.60</span>; ἐν τριμέτρῳ τ. <span class="bibl">Id.1.174</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">d</span> in Musical writers, [[key]], <span class="bibl">Aristox.<span class="title">Harm.</span>2p.37M.</span>, Plu.2.1134a, 1135a, etc. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> [[mental]] or [[physical exertion]], <b class="b3">τ. ἀμφ' ἀρετῆς</b>, i.e. in praising it, <span class="bibl">Xenoph.1.20</span>; [[bodily energy]], ἰσχὺς καὶ τ. <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Anach.</span>25</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">27</span>; <b class="b3">συστρέψαι τὸν τ</b>. (by massage) Gal.6.91: generally, [[force]], [[intensity]], <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Demetr.</span>21</span>, <span class="bibl">2.563f</span>, etc.; τ. ὀργῆς <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Brut.</span>34</span>; τ. πνεύματος <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Dem.Enc.</span>7</span>; <b class="b3">ὁ τ. τῆς φαρμακείης</b> its [[efficiency]], <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Ep.</span>16</span>; <b class="b3">τ. δυνάμεων</b>, title of a work by Heras, Gal.13.416; τ. σοφιστικός <span class="bibl">Eun.<span class="title">VS</span>p.497B.</span> </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">4</span> in Stoic Philos., [['tension']], [[force]], in Nature and Man, πληγὴ πυρὸς ὁ τόνος ἐστί, κἂν ἱκανὸς ἐν τῇ ψυχῇ γένηται πρὸς τὸ ἐπιτελεῖν τὰ ἐπιβάλλοντα, ἰσχὺς καλεῖται καὶ κράτος <span class="bibl">Cleanth.Stoic.1.128</span>; ὁ ζωτικὸς τ. <span class="title">Stoic.</span>2.235, Gal.6.321; αἰσθητικὸς τ. <span class="title">Stoic.</span>2.215; <b class="b3">συνεκτικὸς τ</b>. the [[tension]] which holds the universe together, ib.134. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">III</span> metaph., [[tenor of one's way]], [[course]], εὐθὺν τ. τρέχειν <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>10(11).64</span>; ἕνα τόνον ἔχειν <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Dem.</span>13</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">IV</span> [[quarter]] of a city, <span class="title">IG</span>12(5).872.36, al. (Tenos).</span>