τραχύς: Difference between revisions

|Definition=εῖα, ύ : Ep. and Ion. [[τρηχύς]], fem. [[τραχεῖα]], τραχεῖαν, τραχείης, neut. [[τραχύ]] (Hom. (v. infr.), <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span>291</span>, <span class="bibl">Theoc.25.74</span>); in Ion. Prose fem. τρηχέᾰ, acc. τρηχέᾰν, gen. τρηχέης, dat. τρηχέῃ (imperfectly preserved in codd.; in <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.23</span>, <span class="bibl">9.122</span>, codd. ABCP have <b class="b3">τρηχέη, τραχέην, τραχέης</b>, RSV have [[τραχεῖα]], τραχεῖαν, τραχείης; for codd. Hp. v. Kühleweinip. lxxxvi); [[τρηχείην]] (before conson.) <span class="bibl">Simon. 89</span> codd., <span class="bibl">A.R.2.375</span> codd.; [[τρηχείης]] (as pr. n.) <span class="bibl">Hippon.47</span>; gen. pl. neut. <span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> ἐρίων . . τρηχείων <span class="title">GDI</span> 5633.14 (Teos); dual in Trag. [[τραχεῖ]], Ion Trag.67:—[[jagged]], λίθος <span class="bibl">Il. 5.308</span>; [[χαλινοί]], opp. [[λεῖοι]], <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Eq.</span>9.9</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">10.6</span>; τ. καὶ [[γωνιοειδής]] <span class="bibl">Thphr. <span class="title">Sens.</span>65</span>; [[prickly]], [[ἄκανθαι]], [[ἄκανθα]], Plu.2.32e, 138d (both Sup.); [[rugged]], [[ἀκτή]], [[ἀταρπός]], <span class="bibl">Od.5.425</span>, <span class="bibl">14.1</span>; as [[epithet]] of Ithaca, <span class="bibl">9.27</span>, <span class="bibl">10.417</span>; so γῆ [[λιθώδης]] καὶ τρηχέα <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.23</span>; <b class="b3">Χερσονήσου τῆς Τρηχέης καλεομένης</b>, of the Crimea, ib.<span class="bibl">99</span>; and freq. in Trag. and Att. of rocky districts, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>726</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Fr.</span>1083</span>; <b class="b3">τὰ τραχέα, τὰ τραχύτατα</b>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyn.</span>4.10</span>, <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Flam.</span>4</span>; τ. καὶ χαλεπὴ [[ὁδός]] <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>328e</span>; also, [[rough]], γλῶσσα <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Morb.</span>2.63</span>; [[ἔρια]] <span class="title">GDI</span> l. c., <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PCair.Zen.</span>287.2</span> (iii B. C.); [[σφόγγοι]] ib.<span class="bibl">12.56</span> (iii B. C.); [[χῆμαι]] ib.<span class="bibl">82.12</span> (iii B. C.); [[σινδόνες]] ([[towel]]s, opp. [[μαλακαί]]) Gal.6.418; <b class="b3">χερσὶ μὴ πάνυ μαλακαῖς, ὥσπερ αὖ μηδὲ τραχείαις, ἀνατρίβειν τὸ σῶμα</b> ib.417; τὰ τ. κατὰ τὰς ἀνωμαλίας ἀλλήλοις ἐμπλεκόμενα ἑνοῦται, τὰ δὲ λεῖα κτλ. <span class="bibl">Diocl.Fr.26</span>; βλέφαρα <span class="bibl">Sor. 2.16</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PTeb.</span>273</span> intr. (ii/iii A. D.); [[shaggy]], <b class="b3">τὰ κάτωθεν τ. καὶ τραγοειδής</b>, of Pan, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Cra.</span>408d</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">420e</span>; λάσιον καὶ τ. [τὸ κέαρ] . . ἔχοντες <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Tht.</span>194e</span>; <b class="b3">τ. σώματα</b>, opp. [[λεῖα]], <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>3.10.1</span>; of the voice, [[harsh]], <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ti.</span>67c</span>, etc.; especially of the voice of boys, when it breaks, μεταβάλλειν ἐπὶ τὸ τραχύτερον <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">HA</span>581a18</span>; τὸ τ. τῆς φωνῆς <span class="bibl">Plu. <span class="title">Mar.</span>14</span>; and of a person, τῇ φωνῇ τ. <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>2.6.9</span>; also <b class="b3">τραχυτάτη γλῶσσα</b> (cf. [[τραχύστομος]]) <span class="bibl">Str.14.2.28</span>; of sounds and their combinations, [[harsh]], opp. [[λεῖος]], [[σύνθεσις]], [[διάλεκτος]], Phld.<span class="title">Po.Herc.</span>994.32,36:—on <b class="b3">τραχεῖα ἀρτηρία</b>, v. [[ἀρτηρία]]. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> of battle and conflict, ὑσμίνη <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Sc.</span>119</span>; νιφὰς πολέμοιο <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">I.</span>4(3).17(35)</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Simon.89</span>; φάλαγγες <span class="bibl">Tyrt.12.22</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> of natural forces, [[ῥόθιον]] <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>1048</span> (anap.); τραχύτερα τὰ νοσήματα ἀπεργάζεσθαι <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ti.</span>84c</span>; of a river, <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Alex.</span> 60</span>, etc.; ἄελλαι <span class="bibl">A.R.1.1078</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">4</span> of persons, their acts, feelings, or conditions, [[rough]], [[harsh]], [[savage]], τ. ἔφεδρος <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">N.</span>4.96</span>; <b class="b3">οὐ τ. εἰμι καταθέμεν</b> I am not [[niggardly]] in paying, ib.<span class="bibl">7.76</span>; Ἡσυχία <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">P.</span>8.10</span>; ἅπας δὲ τ. ὅστις ἂν νέον κρατῇ <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>35</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">188</span> (anap.), <span class="bibl">326</span>; δικαστὴς τ. εἶ <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ag.</span>1421</span>; τ. γε . . δῆμος <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Th.</span>1049</span>; τ. καὶ τεθηγμένους λόγους <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Pr.</span>313</span>; τ. ὀργή <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Med.</span>447</span>; λεῖον καὶ τ. πάθημα <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ti.</span>63e</span>; νόμοι τραχύτατοι <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Lg.</span>864c</span>; <b class="b3">τὸ τ. τοῦ ἤθους, τοῦ νόμου</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Cra.</span>406a</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">R.</span>452c</span>; τραχύτερα πράγματα <span class="bibl">Isoc.7.18</span>; <b class="b3">εὐνομίη τραχέα λειαίνει</b> [[smooth]]s the [[rough]] [[place]]s, <span class="bibl">Sol.4.35</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> Adv. [[τραχέως]], Ion. [[τρηχέως]], rare in the literal sense, [[roughly]], τ. [[ὑλακτεῖν]] <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Arat.</span>8</span>; neut. as adverb, τρηχὺ φωνῇ ἠπείλει <span class="bibl">Theoc.25.74</span>; θάλασσα τραχὺ βοᾷ <span class="title">AP</span>5.179 (Mel.). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> of men's acts, <b class="b3">τρηχέως περιέπειν τινά</b> handle [[roughly]], <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.73</span>, <span class="bibl">114</span>; <b class="b3">τραχέως ἔχειν</b> to [[be rough]], [[be harshly disposed]], <span class="bibl">Isoc.3.33</span>; τινι <span class="bibl">D.19.45</span>; τραχύτερον ἄρχειν <span class="bibl">Isoc.3.55</span>; τ. [[ἀποκρίνεσθαι]] <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Phoc.</span>21</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">τ. φέρειν</b> take [[hardly]], <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Lys.</span>15</span>; rarely [[τραχυτέρως]], <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Clit.</span>406a</span>; περιέφθησαν τρηχύτατα <span class="bibl">Hdt.6.15</span>. (Prob. cogn. with [[θράσσω]], cf. [[ἐνθράσσω]].) </span>

|ftr='''τραχύς''': {trakhús}<br />'''Forms''': ep. ion. [[τρηχύς]]<br />'''Meaning''': [[rauh]], [[uneben]], [[steinig]], [[holperig]], übertr. [[streng]], [[barsch]] (seit Il.).<br />'''Composita''' : Einige Kompp., z.B. [[τραχύφωνος]] (-η-) [[mit rauher Stimme]] (Hp., D. S. u.a.), [[ὑπότραχυς]] (-η-) [[etwas rauh]] (Hp. u.a.).<br />'''Derivative''': Davon 1. [[τραχύτης]] (-η-), att. τραχυτής f. [[Rauhheit]], [[Unebenheit]], [[Strenge]] (Demokr., Pl., X., Arist. usw.); zur att. Oxytonierung Schwyzer 382 m. Lit. 2. -ύνω, auch m. ἀπο-, ἐκ- u.a., ‘rauh usw. machen, erbittert, vereinzelt [[rauh sein]], Pass. [[barsch]], [[erbittert sein]] (A., Pl., Arist. usw.) mit -υντικός [[rauh machend]] (Arist., Dsk.), -υσμα n. [[Rauhigkeit]], [[Härte]], -υσμός m. [[das Rauhmachen]] (Mediz. u.a.). 3. [[τρᾶχος]]· ''duretum'' (Gloss.: wie [[ταχύς]] : [[τάχος]] u.a.). 4. τραχώματα n. pl. [[Verhärtungen im Auge]], [[Trachom]] (Dsk., Gal., Pap.III^p; nach [[γλαύκωμα]] u.a.) mit -ωματικός (Gal.). 5. -ών, -ῶνος m. [[rauhe]], [[steinige Gegend]] (Str., D. H., Pap. II^p u.a.), Τράχων, -ωνος N. eines syrischen Gaues und Berges (J., Str.) mit -ωνῖτις ([[χώρα]] ''Ev''. ''Luk''.), -ωνῖται m. pl. (J., Ptol. u.a.; Redard 163). 6. [[Τραχίς]] (-ίν), Τρηχίς, -ῖνος f. Stadt Thessaliens (seit Β 682) mit -ίνιος, -ινίς (ion. att.); vgl. [[Σαλαμίς]], [[Ἐλευσίς]] u.a. (Schwyzer 465). 7. Myk. ON ''ta''-''ra''-''ke''-''wi''-[''ja'']? (Lejeune REGr. 75, 342).<br />'''Etymology''' : Von derselben einsilbigen Stufe wie [[θράσσω]], [[τέτρηχα]] gegenüber den zweisilbigen ταράξαι, [[ταράσσω]]. Weiteres s. [[θράσσω]]. MachekListy filol. 72, 74 zieht noch heran slav., z.B. ačech. ''drážiti'' [[ad iram irritare]]; anders darüber WP. 1, 875, Pok. 273 f., Vasmer s. -''dražitь''. — Eine andere einsilbige Form ist [[τάρχη]]· [[τάραξις]] mit ἄταρ[α]χον· ἀχείμαστον H.; dazu Schwyzer 362.<br />'''Page''' 2,921