ἕρκος: Difference between revisions

|Definition=εος, τό, <span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> [[fence]], [[enclosure]] (πᾶν ὅσον ἂν ἕνεκα κωλύσεως εἴργῃ τι περιέχον <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Sph.</span>220b</span>) round gardens and vineyards, <span class="bibl">Od.7.113</span>, <span class="bibl">Il. 5.90</span>, <span class="bibl">18.564</span>; esp. round the court-yards of houses, <span class="bibl">Od.21.238</span> (pl.), al.; ὑπὲρ ἕρκος [[ὑπερθορεῖν]] <span class="bibl">Sol.4.29</span>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.6.134</span> : pl., <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>1274</span>; also, the place [[enclose]]d, [[courtyard]], στὰς μέσῳ ἕρκεϊ <span class="bibl">Il.16.231</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Od.8.57</span> (pl.), etc.; <b class="b3">Κίσσιον ἕρκος</b>, i.e. [[Susa]], <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>17</span>(anap.); <b class="b3">ποῖον γαίας ἕρκος;</b> [[what]] [[city]]? <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Heracl.</span>441</span>; <b class="b3">ἕρκος ἱερόν</b> = [[sacred]] [[enclosure]], <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>607</span>; [[shell]] of the [[pinna]], Plu.2.980b. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> [[wall for defence]], ἕρκεϊ χαλκείῳ <span class="bibl">Il.15.567</span>; ἕρκος..ἐκ ναυηγίων περιεβάλοντο <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.191</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">9.99</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> periphr., <b class="b3">ἕρκος ὀδόντων</b> the [[fence]] (consisting) of the [[teeth]], mostly in phrase, ποῖόν σε [[ἔπος]] φύγεν ἕρκος ὀδόντων; = what a [[word]] has escaped the [[barrier]] of your [[teeth]] <span class="bibl">Il.4.350</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Sol.27.1</span>; ἀμείψεται ἕρκος ὀδόντων <span class="bibl">Il.9.409</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.10.328</span>; <b class="b3">κάρχαρον ἕρκος</b>, without ὀδόντων, <span class="bibl">Opp.<span class="title">H.</span>1.506</span>; <b class="b3">ἀγγέων ἕρκεσι</b>, = [[ἄγγεσι]], <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">N.</span>10.36</span>; <b class="b3">μέλαν ἕρκος ἅλμας</b>, i.e. the [[sea]], Id.<span class="title">Dith. Oxy.</span>1.16, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">P.</span>2.80</span> (= [[ἐπιφάνεια]], Sch.); <b class="b3">σφραγῖδος ἕρκος</b>, i.e. a [[seal]], <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>615</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">4</span> metaph., [[defence]], <b class="b3">ἕρκος ἀκόντων</b>, of a [[shield]], a [[defence]] [[against]] [[javelin]]s, <span class="bibl">Il.15.646</span>; ἕρκος βελέων <span class="bibl">5.316</span>; <b class="b3">ἕρκος ἰωχμοῖο</b>, of the [[lion]]'s [[skin]], <span class="bibl">Theoc.25.279</span>; ἕρκεσιν εἴργειν [[κῦμα]] θαλάσσας <span class="bibl">A. <span class="title">Pers.</span>89</span> (lyr.). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">b</span> of persons, <b class="b3">ἕρκος Ἀχαιῶν</b>, of [[Ajax]], <span class="bibl">Il.3.229</span>; of [[Achilles]], <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">Pae.</span>6.85</span>; of soldiers, <b class="b3">ἕρκος πολέμοιο</b> = a [[defence against]] [[war]], <span class="bibl">Il.4.299</span>; of [[Achilles]], ἕρκος Ἀχαιοῖσιν..πολέμοιο <span class="bibl">1.284</span>; of Clytaemnestra, γαίας μονόφρουρον ἕρκος <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>257</span>(lyr.): abs., <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>5.113</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">5</span> a [[net]], [[toil]]s, for [[bird]]s, <span class="bibl">Od.22.469</span> : mostly in plural, σπίζ' ὅπως ἐν ἕρκεσιν <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Fr.</span>431</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Av.</span>528</span>(anap.), <span class="bibl">Pherecr.209</span>, <span class="bibl">Arist. <span class="title">HA</span>617b24</span>; for deer, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">N.</span>3.51</span>; [[coil]]s of a [[lasso]], <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.85</span>: metaph., τῆς Δίκης ἐν ἕρκεσιν <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>1611</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>60</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Med.</span>986</span>(lyr.); λέκτρων ἔχεσθαι φιλτάτοις ἐν ἕρκεσι <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ba.</span>958</span>, cf. <span class="title">Hymn.Is.</span>158; <b class="b3">χρυσοδέτοις ἕρκεσιν..γυναικῶν</b>, of [[Eriphyle]]'s [[necklace]], <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span>838</span>(lyr.).</span>

|etymtx=Grammatical information: n.<br />Meaning: <b class="b2">fence, enclosure, court-yard; fence, net</b> (Il.).<br />Compounds: As 2. member e. g. in <b class="b3">εὑ-ερκής</b> [[well fenced]] (Il.); as 1. member in <b class="b3">ἑρκο-θηρ-ικός</b> [[belonging to the hunt with a net]] (Pl. Sph. 220c).<br />Derivatives: [[ἑρκίον]] [[fence]] (Il., cf. [[τειχίον]] : [[τεῖχος]] a. o.); [[ἕρκειος]], [[ἑρκεῖος]] (after [[οἰκεῖος]] a. o.) <b class="b2">belonging to the ἕρκος, court-yard</b>, esp. as surname of Zeus protecting the house, whose altar is in the court (χ 935); [[ἑρκίτης]] [[a slave belonging to the place]] (Amer. ap. Ath. 6, 267c, H.). - [[ἑρκάνη]] [[fence]] (late) from cross with [[ὁρκάνη]] <b class="b2">id.</b> (A., E.), which has o-vocalism like [[ὅρκος]] (s. v.); cf. Chantraine Formation 198. Further <b class="b3">ἕρκατος φραγμός</b>, <b class="b3">ἑρκάτη φυλακή</b> H., <b class="b3">Ο῝ρκατος</b> locality in Kalymna (inscr. IIa; cf. Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 147); on the suffix cf. [[ὄρχατος]]; s. also [[ἔρχατος]].<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European]X [probably] [912]<b class="b2">*serk-</b> [[twine]]<br />Etymology: Seems a verbal noun (like [[τέλος]], [[γένος]] etc.), but there is no agreeing form. Acc. to Meringer IF 17, 157f. as *wicker-work to Lat. [[sarciō]], <b class="b2">-īre</b> [[twine]], [[restore]], prop. *sew together; cf. [[sartum tectum]] [[unviolated]], [[complete]], prop. *twined and covered, [[sarcina]] f. [[bundle]]; to [[sarciō]] Hitt. <b class="b2">šar-nin-k-</b> (nasalinfix) [[restore damage]], [[correct]]. - An orig. meaning [[twine]], [[wicker-work]] is quite possible. Ernout-Meillet s. v. Pok. 912, W.-Hofmann s. [[sarciō]]. - On <b class="b3">ἕρκος ὀδόντων</b> s. Humbach, MSS. 21 (1967) 24ff. (lips, not teeth).

|ftr='''ἕρκος''': {hérkos}<br />'''Grammar''': n.<br />'''Meaning''': ‘Gehege, Zaun, Umzäunung, Vorhof, Fangnetz, Abwehr, Schutz’ (ep. ion. poet. seit Il.).<br />'''Composita''' : Als Hinterglied z. B. in [[εὐερκής]] [[wohl umhegt]] (Il. usw.); selten als Vorderglied, so in der Zusammenbildung [[ἑρκοθηρικός]] [[zur Jagd mit Fangnetz gehörig]] (Pl. ''Sph''. 220c).<br />'''Derivative''': Ableitungen: [[ἑρκίον]] [[Umzäunung]] (ep. seit Il., vgl. [[τειχίον]] : [[τεῖχος]] u. a.); [[ἕρκειος]], [[ἑρκεῖος]] (nach [[οἰκεῖος]] u. a.) [[zum [[ἕρκος]], [[Vorhof gehörig]], insbes. als Beiname des hausschirmenden Zeus, dessen Altar im Hofe stand (seit χ 935); [[ἑρκίτης]] [[ein zum Gehöft gehöriger Sklave]] (Amer. ap. Ath. 6, 267c, H.). — Daneben [[ἑρκάνη]] [[Umzäunung]] (spät) durch Kreuzung mit [[ὁρκάνη]] ib. (A., E.), das wie [[ὅρκος]] (s. bes.) ο-Vokal aufweist; vgl. zur Bildung im allg. Chantraine Formation 198. Außerdem [[ἕρκατος]]· [[φραγμός]], ἑρκάτη· [[φυλακή]] H., Ὅρκατος Ortsbezeichnung in Kalymna (Inschr. II^a; vgl. Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 147); zum Suffix vgl. [[ὄρχατος]]; s. auch [[ἔρχατος]].<br />'''Etymology''' : Seiner Form nach ist [[ἕρκος]] als Verbalnomen anzusehen (wie [[τέλος]], [[γένος]] usw.); eine sichere Anknüpfung bleibt aber noch zu finden. Nach Meringer IF 17, 157f. als *[[Flechtwerk]] zu lat. ''sarciō'', -''īre'' [[flicken]], [[ausbessern]], [[wiederherstellen]], eig. *[[verflechten]], [[zusammennähen]]; vgl. ''sartum'' ''tectum'' [[unversehrt]], [[vollständig]], eig. *[[geflochten und gedeckt]], ''sarcina'' f. [[Bündel]]; zu ''sarciō'' jedenfalls heth. ''šar''-''nin''-''k''- (Nasalinfix) [[entschädigen]], [[ausbessern]] (Pedersen Hittitisch 145). — Eine ursprüngliche Bedeutung [[flechten]], [[Flechtwerk]] ist gewiß nicht unmöglich; zum ''a''-Vokal in ''sarciō'' s. Ernout-Meillet s. v. Ältere unhaltbare Vorschläge bei Bq; s. noch WP. 2, 502, Pok. 912, W.-Hofmann s. ''sarciō''.<br />'''Page''' 1,561