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Ἀραβάρχης: Difference between revisions
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|lstext='''Ἀραβάρχης''': -ου, ὁ, ὁ τοῦ Ἀραβικοῦ νομοῦ ἐν Αἰγύπτῳ [[νομάρχης]], Συλλογ. Ἐπιγρ. 4751, 5075, Ἰωσήπ. Ἀρχ. Ἰ. 18. 8, 1. Ὑπὸ ἐκδοτῶν τινων παρελήφθη ἡ [[λέξις]] (ἐκ χειρογρ.) εἰς Κικ. Ἐπιστ. πρὸς Ἀττ. 2. 17, 3, Ἰουβεν. 1. 130, ἀντὶ Ἀλαβάρχης, Alabarches. Ὁ [[τελευταῖος]] [[οὗτος]] [[τύπος]] ἑρμηνεύεται ὡς σημαῖνον εἰσπράκτορα φόρων ἢ τελώνην, ἐν ᾗ σημασίᾳ μετεχειρίσθη τὴν λέξιν ὁ Κικέρων σαρκαστικῶς περὶ τοῦ Πομπηΐου, [[ὅστις]] ἐκαυχᾶτο ὅτι ηὔξησε [[μεγάλως]] τοὺς φόρους, Κικ. π. Ἀττ. ἔνθ’ ἀν.· παρὰ δὲ τῷ Ἰωσήπῳ φαίνεται ὅτι [[εἶναι]] τὸ [[ὄνομα]] τοῦ πρώτου ἄρχοντος τῶν Ἰουδαίων ἐν Ἀλεξανδρείᾳ. - Τὸ [[ζήτημα]] [[εἶναι]] ἂν ἀμφότεροι οἱ τύποι ὑπῆρχον, ἢ ὁ [[ἕτερος]] (καὶ ἂν οὕτω, [[πότερος]]) [[εἶναι]] παραφθορὰ τοῦ ἑτέρου: πρβλ. [[ἀλαβαρχέω]], [[ἀλαβαρχία]] καὶ ἴδε ἐπὶ πᾶσι Sturz Dial. Mac. σ. 65 κἑξ. | |lstext='''Ἀραβάρχης''': -ου, ὁ, ὁ τοῦ Ἀραβικοῦ νομοῦ ἐν Αἰγύπτῳ [[νομάρχης]], Συλλογ. Ἐπιγρ. 4751, 5075, Ἰωσήπ. Ἀρχ. Ἰ. 18. 8, 1. Ὑπὸ ἐκδοτῶν τινων παρελήφθη ἡ [[λέξις]] (ἐκ χειρογρ.) εἰς Κικ. Ἐπιστ. πρὸς Ἀττ. 2. 17, 3, Ἰουβεν. 1. 130, ἀντὶ Ἀλαβάρχης, Alabarches. Ὁ [[τελευταῖος]] [[οὗτος]] [[τύπος]] ἑρμηνεύεται ὡς σημαῖνον εἰσπράκτορα φόρων ἢ τελώνην, ἐν ᾗ σημασίᾳ μετεχειρίσθη τὴν λέξιν ὁ Κικέρων σαρκαστικῶς περὶ τοῦ Πομπηΐου, [[ὅστις]] ἐκαυχᾶτο ὅτι ηὔξησε [[μεγάλως]] τοὺς φόρους, Κικ. π. Ἀττ. ἔνθ’ ἀν.· παρὰ δὲ τῷ Ἰωσήπῳ φαίνεται ὅτι [[εἶναι]] τὸ [[ὄνομα]] τοῦ πρώτου ἄρχοντος τῶν Ἰουδαίων ἐν Ἀλεξανδρείᾳ. - Τὸ [[ζήτημα]] [[εἶναι]] ἂν ἀμφότεροι οἱ τύποι ὑπῆρχον, ἢ ὁ [[ἕτερος]] (καὶ ἂν οὕτω, [[πότερος]]) [[εἶναι]] παραφθορὰ τοῦ ἑτέρου: πρβλ. [[ἀλαβαρχέω]], [[ἀλαβαρχία]] καὶ ἴδε ἐπὶ πᾶσι Sturz Dial. Mac. σ. 65 κἑξ. | ||
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An [[alabarch]] was a traditionally Jewish official in [[Alexandria]] during the Hellenistic and Roman periods, seemingly responsible for taxation and especially customs at the harbor. | |wketx=An [[alabarch]] was a traditionally Jewish official in [[Alexandria]] during the Hellenistic and Roman periods, seemingly responsible for taxation and especially customs at the harbor. | ||
"Alabarch" is a Latinization of a Greek title, [[Ἀλαβάρχης]], often described as a corruption of [[Arabarch]] ([[Ἀραβάρχης]]), meaning "[[Arab]] [[leader]]". | "Alabarch" is a Latinization of a Greek title, [[Ἀλαβάρχης]], often described as a corruption of [[Arabarch]] ([[Ἀραβάρχης]]), meaning "[[Arab]] [[leader]]". | ||
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The view that the alabarch was the head of the Jewish community is certainly wrong. He is in all probability identical with the ἀραβάρχης, whose office was that of chief superintendent of customs on the Arabian frontier, i.e. on the east side of the Nile. A 'vectigal Arabarchiæ per Ægyptum atque Augustamnicam constitutum' is mentioned in the Codex Justin. IV. lxi. 9; an inscription found at Koptos contains a tariff fixing 'how much is to be raised by those who farm the ἀποστόλιον [?] at Koptos under the arabarchy'; see the text of this inscription in Bulletin de corresp. hellénique, xx. [1896] 174–176; on the office of the alabarch in general, see the Literature in Schürer, GJV iii. 88 f., and add Wilcken, Greichische Ostraka, i. [1899] 347–351). Perhaps it is the office of the alabarch that is in view when Josephus says that the Romans 'continued (to the Jews of Alexandria) the position of trust given them by the kings, namely, the watching of the river' (c. Apion. ii. 5 fin.: 'maximam vero eis fidem olim a regibus datam conservaverunt, id est fluminis custodiam totiusque custodiæ' [the last word is certainly corrupt]). The 'watching of the river' refers to watching it in the interests of levying customs. In any cae the alabarch was not an official of the Jewish community, but a man who held a prominent place in civil life.—Tiberius Alexander, a son of the alabarch Alexander, even reached the highest grades of a Roman military career, although at the expense of renouncing his ancestral religion. | The view that the alabarch was the head of the Jewish community is certainly wrong. He is in all probability identical with the ἀραβάρχης, whose office was that of chief superintendent of customs on the Arabian frontier, i.e. on the east side of the Nile. A 'vectigal Arabarchiæ per Ægyptum atque Augustamnicam constitutum' is mentioned in the Codex Justin. IV. lxi. 9; an inscription found at Koptos contains a tariff fixing 'how much is to be raised by those who farm the ἀποστόλιον [?] at Koptos under the arabarchy'; see the text of this inscription in Bulletin de corresp. hellénique, xx. [1896] 174–176; on the office of the alabarch in general, see the Literature in Schürer, GJV iii. 88 f., and add Wilcken, Greichische Ostraka, i. [1899] 347–351). Perhaps it is the office of the alabarch that is in view when Josephus says that the Romans 'continued (to the Jews of Alexandria) the position of trust given them by the kings, namely, the watching of the river' (c. Apion. ii. 5 fin.: 'maximam vero eis fidem olim a regibus datam conservaverunt, id est fluminis custodiam totiusque custodiæ' [the last word is certainly corrupt]). The 'watching of the river' refers to watching it in the interests of levying customs. In any cae the alabarch was not an official of the Jewish community, but a man who held a prominent place in civil life.—Tiberius Alexander, a son of the alabarch Alexander, even reached the highest grades of a Roman military career, although at the expense of renouncing his ancestral religion. | ||
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==Wikipedia FR== | ==Wikipedia FR== | ||
L'alabarque ou arabarque était, au ier siècle un magistrat romain dans la province d'Égypte. | L'alabarque ou arabarque était, au ier siècle un magistrat romain dans la province d'Égypte. | ||