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Erinyes: Difference between revisions
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In ancient Greek religion and mythology, the [[Erinyes]] (/ɪˈrɪniˌiːz/; sing. [[Erinys]] /ɪˈrɪnɪs/, /ɪˈraɪnɪs/; Greek: [[Ἐρινύες]], pl. of [[Ἐρινύς]], [[Erinys]]), also known as the Furies, were female chthonic deities of vengeance, sometimes referred to as "infernal goddesses" (χθόνιαι θεαί). A formulaic oath in the Iliad invokes them as "the Erinyes, that under earth take vengeance on men, whosoever hath sworn a false oath." Walter Burkert suggests they are "an embodiment of the act of self-cursing contained in the oath." They correspond to the Dirae in Roman mythology. The Roman writer Maurus Servius Honoratus wrote that they are called "Eumenides" in hell, "Furiae" on earth, and "Dirae" in heaven. | |wketx=In ancient Greek religion and mythology, the [[Erinyes]] (/ɪˈrɪniˌiːz/; sing. [[Erinys]] /ɪˈrɪnɪs/, /ɪˈraɪnɪs/; Greek: [[Ἐρινύες]], pl. of [[Ἐρινύς]], [[Erinys]]), also known as the Furies, were female chthonic deities of vengeance, sometimes referred to as "infernal goddesses" (χθόνιαι θεαί). A formulaic oath in the Iliad invokes them as "the Erinyes, that under earth take vengeance on men, whosoever hath sworn a false oath." Walter Burkert suggests they are "an embodiment of the act of self-cursing contained in the oath." They correspond to the Dirae in Roman mythology. The Roman writer Maurus Servius Honoratus wrote that they are called "Eumenides" in hell, "Furiae" on earth, and "Dirae" in heaven. | ||
[[File:Klytaimnestra Erinyes Louvre Cp710.jpg|thumb|Clytemnestra tries to awaken the sleeping Erinyes. Detail from an Apulian red-figure bell-krater, 380–370 BC.]] | [[File:Klytaimnestra Erinyes Louvre Cp710.jpg|thumb|Clytemnestra tries to awaken the sleeping Erinyes. Detail from an Apulian red-figure bell-krater, 380–370 BC.]] | ||
According to Hesiod's Theogony, when the Titan Cronus castrated his father, Uranus, and threw his genitalia into the sea, the Erinyes (along with the Giants and the Meliae) emerged from the drops of blood which fell on the earth (Gaia), while Aphrodite was born from the crests of sea foam. According to variant accounts, they emerged from an even more primordial level—from Nyx ("Night"), or from a union between air and mother earth. Their number is usually left indeterminate. Virgil, probably working from an Alexandrian source, recognized three: Alecto or Alekto ("endless"), Megaera ("jealous rage"), and Tisiphone or Tilphousia ("vengeful destruction"), all of whom appear in the Aeneid. Dante Alighieri followed Virgil in depicting the same three-character triptych of Erinyes; in Canto IX of the Inferno they confront the poets at the gates of the city of Dis. Whilst the Erinyes were usually described as three maiden goddesses, the [[Erinys]] Telphousia was usually a by-name for the wrathful goddess Demeter, who was worshipped under the title of [[Erinys]] in the Arkadian town of Thelpousa. | According to Hesiod's Theogony, when the Titan Cronus castrated his father, Uranus, and threw his genitalia into the sea, the Erinyes (along with the Giants and the Meliae) emerged from the drops of blood which fell on the earth (Gaia), while Aphrodite was born from the crests of sea foam. According to variant accounts, they emerged from an even more primordial level—from Nyx ("Night"), or from a union between air and mother earth. Their number is usually left indeterminate. Virgil, probably working from an Alexandrian source, recognized three: Alecto or Alekto ("endless"), Megaera ("jealous rage"), and Tisiphone or Tilphousia ("vengeful destruction"), all of whom appear in the Aeneid. Dante Alighieri followed Virgil in depicting the same three-character triptych of Erinyes; in Canto IX of the Inferno they confront the poets at the gates of the city of Dis. Whilst the Erinyes were usually described as three maiden goddesses, the [[Erinys]] Telphousia was usually a by-name for the wrathful goddess Demeter, who was worshipped under the title of [[Erinys]] in the Arkadian town of Thelpousa. | ||
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==Wikipedia EL== | ==Wikipedia EL== | ||
Οι Ερινύες στην ελληνική μυθολογία ήταν μυθικές χθόνιες θεότητες που κυνηγούσαν όσους είχαν διαπράξει εγκλήματα κατά της φυσικής και ηθικής τάξης των πραγμάτων. Επίσης είναι γνωστές και ως Ευμενίδες, δίνοντας έτσι το όνομά τους στην τρίτη τραγωδία της τριλογίας Oρέστεια του Αισχύλου. Στη συγκεκριμένη τραγωδία κατατρέχουν τον Ορέστη, γιο του Αγαμέμνονα και της Κλυταιμνήστρας, για τον φόνο της μητέρας του. | Οι Ερινύες στην ελληνική μυθολογία ήταν μυθικές χθόνιες θεότητες που κυνηγούσαν όσους είχαν διαπράξει εγκλήματα κατά της φυσικής και ηθικής τάξης των πραγμάτων. Επίσης είναι γνωστές και ως Ευμενίδες, δίνοντας έτσι το όνομά τους στην τρίτη τραγωδία της τριλογίας Oρέστεια του Αισχύλου. Στη συγκεκριμένη τραγωδία κατατρέχουν τον Ορέστη, γιο του Αγαμέμνονα και της Κλυταιμνήστρας, για τον φόνο της μητέρας του. | ||