κράτος: Difference between revisions

|Definition=[ᾰ], Ion. and Ep. [[κάρτος]], εος, τό, both in Hom.; Aeol. [[κρέτος]] <span class="bibl">Alc.25</span>:—<span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> [[strength]], [[might]], in Hom. especially of [[bodily strength]], ἔπεφνε δόλῳ, οὔ τι κράτεΐ γε <span class="bibl">Il.7.142</span>; ἔχει ἥβης [[ἄνθος]], ὅ τε κράτος ἐστὶ μέγιστον <span class="bibl">13.484</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">τὸ γὰρ αὖτε σιδήρου γε κράτος ἐστίν</b> this (i.e. <b class="b3">τὸ βάψαι</b>) is what [[give]]s [[strength]] to [[iron]], <span class="bibl">Od.9.393</span>: generally, δικαία γλῶσσ' ἔχει κ. μέγα <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Fr.</span>80</span>; μηχανῆς ἔστω κ. <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Supp.</span>207</span>; [[κατὰ κράτος]] = [[with all one's might]] or [[with all one's strength]], πολιορκεῖσθαι <span class="bibl">Th.1.64</span>; [[πολεμεῖν]] <span class="bibl">Pl. <span class="title">Lg.</span>692d</span>; ἐξελέγχεσθαι <span class="bibl">D.34.20</span>, etc.: freq. in phrase [[αἱρεῖν κατὰ κράτος]] = [[take by storm]], <span class="bibl">Th.8.100</span>, <span class="bibl">Isoc.4.119</span>, etc.; also ἀνὰ κράτος διώκειν <span class="bibl">X. <span class="title">Cyr.</span>1.4.23</span>; ἐλαύνειν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">An.</span>1.8.1</span>, etc.; ἀπὸ κράτους <span class="bibl">D.S.17.34</span>; <b class="b3">πρὸς ἰσχύος κράτος</b>, opp. [[λόγῳ]], <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>594</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> personified, K. Βία τε <span class="bibl">A. <span class="title">Pr.</span>12</span>; K. καὶ Δίκη <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ch.</span>244</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> [[power]], <b class="b3">τοῦ γὰρ κράτος ἐστὶ μέγιστον</b>, of [[Zeus]], <span class="bibl">Il.2.118</span>, etc.; τοῦ γὰρ κράτος ἔστ' ἐνὶ οἴκῳ <span class="bibl">Od.1.359</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Il.12.214</span>; Ζηνὸς κ. <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>6.96</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>527</span> (lyr.); [[ἐκπίπτειν]] κράτους, of [[Zeus]], ib. <span class="bibl">948</span>; τὸ κράτος τοῦ θεοῦ <span class="bibl">LXX <span class="title">Ps.</span>61(62).11</span>, etc.: pl., ὑποχείριος κράτεσιν ἀρσένων <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Supp.</span>393</span> (lyr.), cf. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>485</span>; especially of [[political]] [[power]], [[rule]], [[sovereignty]], ὁ μαιόμενος τὸ μέγα κρέτος ὀντρέψει τάχα τὰν πόλιν Alc. [[l.c.]]; τὸ κράτος περιθεῖναί τινι <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.129</span>; ἐς τὸ πλῆθος φέρειν τὸ κράτος <span class="bibl">Id.3.81</span>; [[τὸ πᾶν κράτος ἔχειν]] = to [[be all-powerful]], <span class="bibl">Id.7.3</span>; ἀρχὴ καὶ κράτος τυραννικόν <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span> 373</span>; <b class="b3">βασιλεὺς πρῶτος ἐν κράτει Ὀδρυσῶν ἐγένετο</b> in [[real]] [[power]], <span class="bibl">Th.2.29</span>; later τὸ κράτος τῶν Ῥωμαίων <span class="bibl"><span class="title">POxy.</span>41i2</span> (iii/iv A. D.): in plural, κράτη καὶ θρόνους <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>173</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">OT</span>586</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">θρόνων κράτη</b> [[sovereign]] [[power]], <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ant.</span>166</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> c. gen., [[power over]], τὸ Περσέων κράτος ἔχοντα <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.69</span>; τὸ κράτος εἶχε τῆς στρατιῆς <span class="bibl">Id.9.42</span>; πᾶν κ. ἔχων χθονός <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Supp.</span>425</span> (lyr.); τῶν ἄλλων δαιμόνων <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Tr.</span>949</span>; δὸς κ. τῶν σῶν δόμων <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ch.</span>480</span>; δωμάτων ἔχειν κ. <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Th.</span>871</span>; τὸ τῆς θαλάσσης κράτος <span class="bibl">Th.1.143</span>; μετὰ κράτους τῆς γῆς <span class="bibl">Id.8.24</span>; <b class="b3">ὧν ἂν ᾖ τὸ κράτος τῆς γῆς</b> [[whoever]] have [[possession]] of the [[land]], <span class="bibl">Id.4.98</span>; κ. ἔχειν ἑαυτοῦ <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Plt.</span>273a</span>: pl., ἀστραπᾶν κράτη νέμων <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>201</span> (lyr.). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> of persons, a [[power]], an [[authority]], Ἀχαιῶν δίθρονον κράτος <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>109</span> (lyr.), cf. <span class="bibl">619</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Th.</span>127</span> (lyr.). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">III</span> [[mastery]], [[victory]], freq. in Hom., <span class="bibl">Il.1.509</span>, <span class="bibl">6.387</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.21.280</span>; κ. [[ἄρνυσθαι]] <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span> 838</span> (lyr.); νίκη καὶ κράτη <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Supp.</span>951</span>; <b class="b3">ἀέθλων κράτος</b> [[victory]] in... <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">I.</span> 8(7).4</span>; νίκη καὶ κράτος τῶν δρωμένων <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span>85</span>; <b class="b3">κράτος ἀριστείας</b> the [[meed]] of [[highest]] [[valour]], <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Aj.</span>443</span>; [[νίκη]] καὶ κράτος πολεμίων <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>962a</span>; κράτος πολέμου καὶ νίκη <span class="bibl">D.19.130</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">IV</span> Medic., in plural, [[ligament]]s, <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Mul.</span> 2.167</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> = [[ταρσός]], [[back of the hand]], <span class="bibl">Poll.2.144</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">V</span> Pythag. name for [[ten]], Theol.Ar.59.—This word and its derivs. take two forms, κρατ- and καρτ-; the latter is mostly Ep., as [[κάρτος]], [[κάρτιστος]], [[καρτύνω]], but in [[κρατερός]] and [[καρτερός]] the reverse holds, v. [[κρατερός]] fin.; [[κρατέω]], [[κρατύς]] have no form <b class="b3">καρτ-.</b> (κρατ- and καρτ- from kṛt-, weak form of κρετ-, cf. [[κρέτος]], [[κρέσσων]].)</span>