νόμος: Difference between revisions

|Definition=ὁ, ([[νέμω]]) <span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> that which is in [[habitual]] [[practice]], [[use]] or [[possession]], not in Hom. (cf. <span class="bibl">J.<span class="title">Ap.</span>2.15</span>), though read by Zenod. in <span class="bibl">Od.1.3</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">I</span> [[usage]], [[custom]], [Μοῦσαι] μέλπονται πάντων τε νόμους καὶ ἤθεα κεδνά <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Th.</span>66</span>; νόμος [[ἀρχαῖος]] [[ἄριστος]] <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Fr.</span>221</span>; <b class="b3">ἔνθα νόμος</b> (sc. [[ἐστί]]) c. inf., [[where]] it is the [[custom]]... Alc.<span class="title">Supp.</span>25.5; <b class="b3">νόμος πάντων βασιλεύς</b> [[custom]] is [[lord]] of [[all]], <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">Fr.</span>169.1</span>; νόμος δεσπότης <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.104</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl. <span class="title">Lg.</span>715d</span>; νόμος [[τύραννος]] τῶν ἀνθρώπων <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Prt.</span>337d</span>; ἴησις ὀθονίοισι κατὰ τὸν νόμον τὸν [[ἀρθριτικός|ἀρθριτικόν]] <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Art.</span>18</span>; ὡς νόμος Id.<span class="title">Mochl.</span>37: hence, [[law]], [[ordinance]], τόνδε… ν. διέταξε Κρονίων… θηρσὶ… ἐσθέμεν ἀλλήλους <span class="bibl">Hes. <span class="title">Op.</span>276</span>; τρέφονται πάντες οἱ [[ἀνθρώπειος|ἀνθρώπειοι]] νόμοι ὑπὸ τοῦ θείου <span class="bibl">Heraclit. 114</span>; [[ἄφθογγον]] εἶναι τὸν [[παλαμναῖον]] νόμον [ἐστί] <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Eu.</span>448</span>; νόμον κάλλιστον ἐξευρόντα, [[πειθαρχεῖν]] πατρί <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>1177</span>; [[νόμος κοινός]] = [[ὀρθὸς λόγος]], Zeno Stoic.1.43: pl., ἔργων… ὧν νόμοι πρόκεινται ὑψίποδες <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>865</span> (lyr.); [[νεοχμός|νεοχμοῖς]] ν. Ζεὺς κρατύνει <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>150</span> (lyr.). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">b</span> in [[VT]], of the [[law]] of [[God]], ἐν τῷ νόμῳ Κυρίου τὸ [[θέλημα]] αὐτοῦ <span class="bibl">[[LXX]] <span class="title">Ps.</span>1.2</span>, al., cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Is.</span>2.3</span>; <b class="b3">νόμον ὃν ἐνετείλατο ὑμῖν Μωϋσῆς</b> ib.<span class="bibl"><span class="title">De.</span>33.4</span>; so in [[NT]], ὁ νόμος Μωϋσέως <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Luc.</span>2.22</span>, etc.; but also ὁ νόμος τοῦ Χριστοῦ <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ep.Gal.</span>6.2</span>; <b class="b3">ὁ νόμος τοῦ Πνεύματος τῆς ζωῆς</b> = the [[law]] of the Spirit of [[life]], opp. ὁ νόμος τῆς [[ἁμαρτία]]ς καὶ τοῦ θανάτου = the [[law]] of [[sin]] and [[death]], <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ep.Rom.</span>8.2</span>; νόμος [[τέλειος]] ὁ τῆς [[ἐλευθερία]]ς <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ep.Jac.</span>1.25</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">c</span> with Preps., [[κατὰ νόμον]] = [[according to custom]] or [[according to law]], <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Th.</span>417</span>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.61</span>, etc.; κὰν νόμον <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>8.78</span>; <b class="b3">οἱ κατὰ νόμον ὄντες θεοί</b> the [[established]] [[deity|deities]], <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>904a</span>; κατὰ νόμους <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Supp.</span>241</span>; <b class="b3">παρὰ νόμον</b> [[contrary]] to... <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Eu.</span>171</span> (lyr.); παρὰ τοὺς τῆς φύσεως νόμους <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ti.</span>83e</span>; ἐν Πανελλάνων νόμῳ <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">I.</span>2.38</span>; <b class="b3">ἐν Ἀδραστείῳ νόμῳ</b> by the [[law]] of [[Adrastus]], i.e. at the [[Nemean Games]], <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">N.</span>10.28</span>: especially in dat. [[νόμῳ]] = [[by custom]], [[conventionally]], opp. [[φύσει]], <span class="bibl">Hdt. 4.39</span>, <span class="bibl">Philol.9</span>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">EN</span>1094b16</span>, etc.; <b class="b3"> νόμῳ γλυκύ, νόμῳ πικρόν</b>, <span class="bibl">Democr.9</span>; εἰ μή τις λέγοι ν. [[ὁρᾶν]] καὶ τὰς λεγομένας [[ποιότητα]]ς μὴ ἐν τοῖς ὑποκειμένοις εἶναι <span class="bibl">Plot.4.4.29</span>; <b class="b3">ὅσον νόμου χάριν</b> just for [[form]]'s [[sake]], <span class="bibl">Diph.43.14</span>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Metaph.</span>1076a27</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">d</span> [[statute]], [[ordinance]] made by [[authority]], [Σόλων] νόμους ἔθηκεν ἄλλους, τοῖς δὲ Δράκοντος θεσμοῖς ἐπαύσαντο χρώμενοι πλὴν τῶν φονικῶν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ath.</span>7.1</span> (but τὸν Δράκοντος νόμον τὸν περὶ τοῦ φόνου <span class="title">IG</span>12.115.5), etc.; νόμον [[τιθέναι]], [[τίθεσθαι]], v. [[τίθημι]]; [[βασιλικός|βασιλικὸς]] νόμος <span class="title">OGI</span>483.1 (Pergam., ii A.D.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ep.Jac.</span>2.8</span>: freq. of [[general laws]], opp. [[ψηφίσματα]] (special decrees), <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Tht.</span>173d</span>, etc.; ὅταν τὰ [[ψήφισμα|ψηφίσματα]] κύρια ᾖ ἀλλὰ μὴ ὁ νόμος <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pol.</span>1292a7</span>: generally, [[law]], ἄνευ [[ὄρεξις|ὀρέξεως]] [[νοῦς]] ὁ νόμος ἐστίν ib. <span class="bibl">1287a32</span>; [[ἄγραφος]] [[νόμος]] = [[unwritten law]] Lex ap. <span class="bibl">And.1.85</span>, etc.; opp. [[γεγραμμένος]], <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Rh.</span>1373b6</span>; νόμος [[ἴδιος]], opp. [[κοινός]], ib.<span class="bibl">4</span>; <b class="b3">ὁ νόμος</b> freq. as subject, οἱ νόμοι διδόασι τιμωρίας <span class="bibl">D.18.12</span>; [[ὧν]] ὁ νόμος ἀγορεύει <span class="title">Inscr.Magn.</span> 92b16 (ii B.C.); <b class="b3">μὴ ὁ νόμος κρίνει τὸν ἄνθρωπον ἐὰν μὴ ἀκούσῃ πρῶτον</b> = [[law]] doesn't [[judge]] a [[man]] before it [[hear]]s from him; <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Jo.</span>7.51</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">e</span> c. gen. rei, οὗτός τοι πεδίων πέλεται ν. <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span>388</span>; Ὑλλίδος στάθμας ἐν νόμοις <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>1.62</span>; τὸν φαρμάκων δίδαξε [[μαλακόχειρ|μαλακόχειρα]] ν. <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">N.</span>3.55</span>; νόμος [[ἐμβολή|ἐμβολῆς]] καὶ διορθώσιος Hp.<span class="title">Mochl.</span>38; <b class="b3">ὁ νόμος τοῦ κριοῦ, ὁ νόμος τοῦ ἀνδρός, τῶν ἐρανιστῶν</b>, <span class="bibl">[[LXX]] <span class="title">Le.</span>6.31</span> (<span class="bibl">7.1</span>), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ep.Rom.</span>7.2</span>, <span class="title">SIG</span> 1198.14 (Arcesine, iii B.C.); <b class="b3">ἐς χειρῶν νόμον ἀπικέσθαι</b> to [[come to blows]], [[come into action]], <span class="bibl">Hdt.9.48</span>; ἐν χειρῶν νόμῳ [[ἀπόλλυσθαι]], [[περιπεσεῖν]], [[die]] [[in action]], <span class="bibl">Id.8.89</span>, <span class="bibl">Plb.1.57.8</span>; μεταλλάξαι τὸν βίον ἐν χειρῶν νόμῳ <span class="bibl">Id.3.63.5</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">3.116.9</span>; Ἀσδρούβας… ἐν χειρῶν νόμῳ κατέστρεψε τὸν βίον <span class="bibl">Id.11.2.1</span>; τοὺς μὲν ἐν χειρῶν νόμῳ διέφθειρε <span class="bibl">Id.1.82.2</span>; <b class="b3">τοὺς ἐν χειρῶν νόμῳ τὰς πολιτείας καταλύοντας</b> = those who [[attempt]] [[revolution]] by the [[law]] of [[force]] (by '[[direct]] [[action]]'), <span class="bibl">Aeschin.1.5</span>; but [[κτεῖναι]] ἐν ταῖς πολεμικαῖς ἐξόδοις ἐν χειρὸς νόμῳ = [[under]] [[martial]] [[law]], <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pol.</span>1285a10</span>; τῷ τοῦ πολέμου νόμῳ κτησάμενος <span class="bibl">Aeschin.2.33</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> [[Νόμος]] personified, <b class="b3">οἱ θεοὶ σθένουσι χὡ κείνων κρατῶν Νόμος</b> = the [[god]]s have [[force]] and so does the [[law]] that [[rule]]s over them <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hec.</span>800</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Orph.<span class="title">Fr.</span>105</span>, <span class="bibl">160</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> [[melody]], [[strain]], οἶδα δ' ὀρνίχων νόμως πάντων <span class="bibl">Alcm.67</span>; νόμος [[ἵππιος]] <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span> 1.101</span>; Ἀπόλλων ἁγεῖτο παντοίων ν. <span [[class]]="bibl">Id.<span class="title">N.</span>5.25</span>; νόμοι [[πολεμικός|πολεμικοί]] <span class="bibl">Th.5.69</span>; ἐπηλάλαξαν Ἀραὶ τὸν ὀξὺν νόμον <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Th.</span>952</span> (lyr.); [[κρεκτός|κρεκτοὶ]] νόμοι <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Fr.</span> 463</span>, cf. <span class="title">AP</span>9.584: metaph., τοὺς Ἅιδου νόμους <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Fr.</span>861</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> esp. a type of early [[melody]] created by [[Terpander]] for the [[lyre]] as an [[accompaniment]] to Epic texts, [[νόμος]] [[ὄρθιος]] <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.24</span>; [[νόμος]] [[Βοιώτιος]] <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Fr.</span>966</span>; νόμοι [[κιθαρῳδικός|κιθαρῳδικοί]] <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ra.</span>1282</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>700d</span>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Po.</span>1447b26</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Pr.</span>918b13</span>, etc.; also for the [[flute]], [[νόμος]] [[αὐλῳδικός]] Plu.2.1132d; without sung [[text]], νόμος [[αὐλητικός]] ib.1133d, cf. 138b, <span class="bibl">Poll.4.79</span>; later, [[composition]] including both [[word]]s and [[melody]], e.g. Tim.<span class="title">Pers.</span> </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">III</span> = [[νοῦμμος]] ([[quod vide|q.v.]]), <span class="bibl">Epich.136</span>, <span class="bibl">Sophr.162</span>, <span class="title">Inscr.Délos</span>407.21 (ii B.C.); [[νόμοι σηστέρτιοι]] = Lat. [[nummi sestertii]], Inscr.Prien.41.13 (ii B.C.). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">IV</span> Archit., [[course]] of [[masonry]], <span class="title">IG</span>12(2).11.17 (Mytil.).</span>