calx: Difference between revisions

{{Lewis

|lshtext=<b>calx</b>: calcis, f. (m., Pers. 3, 105 dub.; Sil. 7, 696; cf. App. M. 7, p. 483 Oud.; Pers. 3, 105; Grat. Cyn. 278. Whether Lucil. ap. [[Charis]], p. 72 P. belongs here or to 2. [[calx]] is [[undecided]]) [Sanscr. kar-, [[wound]], [[kill]]; [[akin]] [[with]] λάξ, [[calcar]], [[calceus]],<br /><b>I</b> the [[heel]].<br /><b>I</b> Lit.: [[calces]] deteris, [[you]] [[tread]] on my heels, Plaut. Merc. 5, 2, 111: [[quod]] si ipsa animi vis In capite aut umeris aut imis calcibus esse Posset, Lucr. 3, 792; 5, 136: incursare pug nis, calcibus, πὺξ καὶ λάξ, Plaut. Poen. 4, 1, 3; Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 53: certare pugnis, calcibus, unguibus, Cic. Tusc. 5, 27, 77: uti pugnis et calcibus, id. Sull. 25, 71: [[concisus]] pugnis et calcibus, id. Verr. 2, 3, 23, § 56: [[subsellium]] calce premere, Auct. Her. 4, 55, 68: ferire [[pugno]] vel calce, Quint. 2, 8, 13: quadrupedemque citum ferratā (al. ferrato) calce fatigat, Verg. A. 11, 714: nudā calce vexare [[ilia]] equi, Stat. S. 5, 2, 115; Sil. 7, 697; 13, 169; 17, 541: nudis calcibus anguem premere, Juv. 1, 43.—Also of the heels of animals, Varr. R. R. 2, 5, 8; Col. 8, 2, 8: [[quadrupes]] calcibus auras Verberat, Verg. A. 10, 892.—Hence, caedere calcibus, to [[kick]], λακτιζω, Plaut. Poen. 3, 3, 71: calce petere aliquem, to [[kick]], Hor. S. 2, 1, 55: ferire, Ov. F. 3, 755: extundere frontem, Phaedr. 1, 21, 9: [[calces]] remittere, to [[kick]], Nep. Eum. 5, 5; so, reicere, Dig. 9, 1, 5: aut dic aut accipe calcem, [[take]] a [[kick]], Juv. 3, 295 al.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>2</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Prov.: [[adversus]] stimulum [[calces]] (sc. jactare, etc.) = λακτίζειν πρὸς [[κέντρον]] (Aesch Agam. 1624; Pind. Pyth. 2, 174; W. T. Act. 9, 5), to [[kick]] [[against]] the pricks, Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 28 [[Don]]. and Ruhnk.; cf. Plaut. Truc. 4, 2, 55, and s. v. [[calcitro]]: calcem impingere alicui rei, to [[abandon]] [[any]] [[occupation]]: Anglice, to [[hang]] a [[thing]] on the [[nail]], Petr. 46.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>B</b> [[Meton]]. ([[pars]] pro toto), the [[foot]], in gen.: calcemque terit jam calce, Verg. A. 5, 324 Serv. and Heyne. —<br /><b>II</b> Transf. to [[similar]] things.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>A</b> In [[architecture]]: [[calces]] scaporum, the [[foot]] of the pillars of a [[staircase]]; Fr. patin de l'échiffre, Vitr. 9, praef. § 8.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>B</b> Calx mali, the [[foot]] of the [[mast]], Vitr. 10, 3, 5.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>C</b> In [[agriculture]], the [[piece]] of [[wood]] [[cut]] [[off]] [[with]] a [[scion]], Plin. 17, 21, 35, § 156.<br /><b>calx</b>: calcis, f. (m., Varr. ap. Non. p. 199, 24, and [[Cato]], R. R. 18, 7; Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 86; dub. Cic. Tusc. 1, 8, 15; and id. Rep. Fragm. ap. Sen. Ep. 108 fin.; cf. Rudd. I. p. 37, n. 3; [[later]] collat. form calcis, is, f., Ven. Fort. Carm. 11, 11, 10) [[[χάλιξ]]].<br /><b>I</b> Liv.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>A</b> A [[small]] [[stone]] used in gaming, a [[counter]] ([[less]] freq. [[than]] the<br /> [[dim]]. [[calculus]], q. v.), Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 86; Lucil. ap. Prisc. p. 687 P.; cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 46 Müll.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>B</b> Limestone, [[lime]], [[whether]] slaked or not, Lucr. 6, 1067; Cic. Mil. 27, 74: viva, unslaked, quicklime, Vitr. 8, 7: coquere, to [[burn]] [[lime]], [[Cato]], R. R. 16; Vitr. 2, 5, 1: exstincta, slaked, id. l. l.: macerata, id. 7, 2; Plin. 36, 23, 55, § 177: [[harenatus]], [[mixed]] [[with]] [[sand]], [[mortar]], [[Cato]], R. R. 18, 7: [[materies]] ex calce et harenā mixta, Vitr. 7, 3.— Since the [[goal]] or [[limit]] in the [[race]]-[[ground]] [[was]] designated by [[lime]] (as [[later]] by [[chalk]], v. [[creta]]), [[calx]] signifies,<br /><b>II</b> Trop., the [[goal]], [[end]], or [[limit]] in the [[race]]-[[course]] ([[anciently]] marked [[with]] [[lime]] or [[chalk]]; opp. carceres, the starting-[[point]]; [[mostly]] [[ante]]-Aug.; esp. freq. in Cic.): supremae calcis [[spatium]], Lucr. 6, 92 Lachm.; Sen. Ep. 108, 32; Varr. ap. Non. p. 199, 24: ad calcem pervenire, Cic. Lael. 27, 101; so, ad carceres a calce revocari, i. e. to [[turn]] [[back]] from the [[end]] to the [[beginning]], id. Sen. 23, 83: [[nunc]] [[video]] calcem, ad [[quam]] (al. quem) cum [[sit]] decursum, id. Tusc. 1, 8, 15: ab ipsā (al. ipso) calce revocati, id. Rep. Fragm. ap. Sen. l.l.; Quint. 8, 5, 30 dub.; v. Spald. N. cr.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>b</b> Prov., of [[speech]]: [[extra]] calcem decurrere, to [[digress]] from a [[theme]], Amm. 21, 1, 14.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>B</b> In gen., the [[end]], [[conclusion]] of a [[page]], [[book]], or [[writing]] ([[mostly]] [[post]]-[[class]].): si [[tamen]] in clausulā et calce pronuntietur [[sententia]], Quint. 8, 5, 30: in calce epistulae, Hier. Ep. 9; 26 fin.; 84 init.: in calce libri, id. Vit. St. Hil. fin.

{{Georges

|georg=(1) [[calx]]¹, [[cis]], f., die [[Ferse]], I) eig., die [[Ferse]] der Menschen u. Tiere, [[calces]] deteris, Plaut.: certare pugnis, calcibus, Cic.: v. Tieren, caedere calcibus, Plaut.: calce petere alqm, Hor.: [[calces]] remittere, Nep.: calcem terere calce, [[mit]] der [[Ferse]] die [[Ferse]] [[streifen]] (= [[dicht]] hinterherlaufen), Verg.: [[alterno]] morsu digitis calceque retinentibus [[solum]], [[indem]] Zehen u. [[Ferse]] ([[des]] Hirsches) [[wechselweise]] in den [[Boden]] eingriffen, Plin.: equi calce [[percussus]], Firm. math. 8, 13. p. 221, 13. – Sprichw., [[advorsum]] stimulum [[calces]] (sc. iactare) = λακτίζειν προς [[κέντρον]], [[wider]] den [[Stachel]] löcken, d.i. unnützen, törichten [[Widerstand]] [[leisten]], Ter. Phorm. 78: calcem impingere alci [[rei]], [[einer]] [[Sache]] [[einen]] [[Fußtritt]] [[geben]], = [[etwas]] [[aufgeben]], an den [[Nagel]] [[hängen]], Petr. 46, 5. – II) übtr.: A) in der Baukunst: a) [[calces]] scaporum, die Grundstücke der Treppenwangen, franz. patin de l'échiffre, Vitr. 9. praef. § 8. – b) [[calx]] mali, der [[Fuß]] [[des]] Mastbaums, Vitr. 10, 3, 5. – B) im Gartenbau, [[ein]] [[Fuß]] od. [[Ansatz]] vom ältern [[Holz]], der [[mit]] dem Schnittling abgerissen wird, Plin. 17, 156. – / Als masc. [[bei]] [[Cato]] 18, 7 K. Gratt. cyn. 278. Pers. 3, 105; vgl. [[Charis]]. 93, 2.<br />'''(2)''' [[calx]]², [[cis]], f., [[selten]] m. ([[von]] [[χάλιξ]]), der [[Stein]], I) der Spielstein im Brettspiele (vgl. Paul. ex [[Fest]]. 46, 2), [[alveolus]] et [[calces]], Lucil. [[sat]]. 14, 11: unam calcem ciere, [[ziehen]], Plaut. Poen. 908. – II) der Kalkstein, roher od. gelöschter [[Kalk]], c. viva, ungelöschter K., c. exstincta od. restincta, gelöschter K., Vitr. u. Inscr.: c. [[harenatus]], [[mit]] [[Sand]] vermischter [[Kalk]], d.i. [[Mörtel]], [[Cato]] u. Vitr.: calcem coquere ([[brennen]]), Vitr.: lintribus in [[eam]] insulam materiam, calcem, [[caementa]] convehere, Cic.: [[quod]] [[caementa]] [[non]] calce durata erant, [[sed]] interlita [[luto]] structurae antiquae genere, Liv. – Weil [[nun]] in der ältesten [[Zeit]] das [[Ziel]] in der [[Rennbahn]] [[mit]] [[Kalk]] ([[später]] [[mit]] [[Kreide]], s. 2. crēta) bezeichnet war, meton. = das [[Ziel]], [[Ende]] der [[Laufbahn]] (Ggstz. carceres, die [[Schranken]] [[als]] [[Anfang]] der [[Rennbahn]]), im Bilde u. sprichw., nemini [[Fortuna]] currum a carcere [[intimo]] [[missum]] labi inoffensum per [[aecor]] [[candidum]] ad calcem sivit, Varr. [[sat]]. Men. 288: optandum est ut cum aequalibus possis, quibuscum [[tamquam]] e carceribus [[emissus]] [[sis]], cum isdem ad calcem, ut dicitur, pervenire, Cic. de amic. 101: [[nec]] [[velim]] [[quasi]] decurso [[spatio]] ad carceres a calce revocari, Cic. de sen. 83: [[nunc]] [[video]] calcem, ad [[quam]] cum sit decursum, [[nihil]] etc., Cic. Tusc. 1, 15: [[extra]] calcem, ut dicitur, procurrebat, hielt das rechte [[Geleise]] [[nicht]] [[ein]], Amm. 25, 10, 7: v. der [[Rede]] ([[sermo]]), [[extra]] calcem, [[quod]] dicitur, decurrere, [[über]] das [[Ziel]] hinausschießen (= [[über]] das [[Thema]] hinausschweifen), Amm. 21, 1, 14. – in calce epistulae, sermonis, am [[Ende]] [[des]] B. usw., Hier. ep. 66, 15 u. 79, 11; vgl. si [[tamen]] in [[clausula]] et calce pronuntietur [[sententia]], Quint. 8, 5, 30. – / Spät. Nbf. [[calcis]], is, f., Ven. [[Fort]]. 11, 11, 12 ([[verworfen]] [[von]] Prob. cath. (IV) 20, 19).

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