vitium: Difference between revisions

{{Lewis

|lshtext=<b>vĭtĭum</b>: ii (<br /><b>I</b> gen. plur. vitiūm, Titin. ap. Non. p. 495, 13), n. from the [[same]] [[root]] [[with]] [[vieo]], [[vitis]], [[vitta]]; [[prop]]. a [[twist]]; [[hence]], a [[fault]], [[defect]], [[blemish]], [[imperfection]], [[vice]] (syn. [[menda]]).<br /><b>I</b> Lit.: [[quomodo]] [[autem]] in corpore est [[morbus]], est [[aegrotatio]], est [[vitium]]: sic in [[animo]]. Morbum appellant totius corporis corruptionem: aegrotationem morbum cum imbecillitate: [[vitium]], cum partes corporis [[inter]] se dissident; ex quo [[pravitas]] membrorum, [[distortio]], [[deformitas]]. Itaque [[illa]] duo, [[morbus]] et [[aegrotatio]], ex totius valetudinis corporis conquassatione et perturbatione gignuntur: [[vitium]] [[autem]] integrā valetudine ipsum ex se cernitur, Cic. Tusc. 4, 13, 29: corporis, Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 118; Ov. F. 4, 148: mancipii, Dig. 21, 1, 1, § 6: jumenti, ib. 21, 1, 38 init.—In buildings, a [[breach]], [[defect]]: si [[nihil]] est in parietibus aut in tecto vitii, Cic. Fam. 9, 15, 5; cf.: si [[aedes]] corruerunt vitiumve fecerunt, [[have]] [[received]] [[damage]], [[become]] damaged, id. Top. 3, 15.—In plants, a [[blemish]], [[vice]]: [[sive]] illis (agris) omne per ignem Excoquitur [[vitium]] [[atque]] exsudat [[inutilis]] [[umor]], Verg. G. 1, 88: [[vitio]] moriens sitit aëris [[herba]], id. E. 7, 57.—In fruits, the [[useless]] [[part]], the [[core]]: vitiumque [[cinctum]] fructu, Plin. 15, 28, 34, § 112.—<br /><b>II</b> Trop.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>A</b> In gen., a [[fault]], [[defect]], [[blemish]]: acutius [[atque]] acrius vitia in dicente [[quam]] [[recta]] videre, Cic. de Or. 1, 25, 116; cf. orationis, Quint. 1, 5, 1; 12, 1, 22: sermonis, id. 1, 1, 13: soloecismi, id. 1, 5, 53: ingenii, id. 10, 1, 60: mentis, id. 12, 1, 32: Stoicae sectae, id. 11, 1, 70: et illud mihi [[vitium]]'st maximum, my greatest [[fault]], Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 37: huc si perveneris, [[meum]] [[vitium]] fuerit, my [[fault]], Cic. Ac. 2, 16, 49: [[quamvis]] [[quis]] fortunae [[vitio]], non suo decexisset, id. Phil. 2, 18, 44: honorem [[vitio]] civitatis, non suo, non sunt adsecuti, id. Har. Resp. 26, 56: [[male]] conjecta falsa sunt, non rerum [[vitio]], sed interpretum inscientiā, id. Div. 1, 52, 118: animadverso [[vitio]] castrorum totā nocte munitiones proferunt, i. e. the [[faulty]], unfavorable [[position]] ([[just]] [[before]]: [[natura]] [[iniquo]] [[loco]] [[castra]] ponunt), Caes. B. C. 1, 81: milites [[item]] conflictati et tempestatis et sentinae vitiis, the [[injurious]] [[effects]], id. ib. 3, 28: [[sese]] [[nihil]] [[adhuc]] arbitrari [[vitio]] [[factum]] eorum, id. ib. 3, 57: vini [[vitio]] [[atque]] amoris feci, [[through]] the [[fault]] of, Plaut. Aul. 4, 10, 15.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>B</b> In partic.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>1</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A [[moral]] [[fault]], [[failing]], [[error]], [[offence]], [[crime]], [[vice]] (the predom. signif. of the [[word]] in [[prose]] and [[poetry]]; cf.: [[scelus]], [[delictum]]): nullam [[quidem]] ob turpitudinem, nullum ob totius vitae non dicam [[vitium]], sed [[erratum]], Cic. Clu. 48, 133: legibus et praemia proposita sunt virtutibus et supplicia vitiis, id. de Or. 1, 58. 247: [[virtus]] est [[vitium]] fugere, Hor. ep. 1, 1, 41: [[senectus]] est naturā loquacior, ne ab omnibus eam vitiis videar vindicare, Cic. Sen. 16, 55: in [[vitio]] esse, id. Off. 1, 19, 62: ne sibi [[vitio]] verterent, [[quod]] abesset a patriā, [[reckon]] it a [[fault]], id. Fam. 7, 6, 1: te laudem Sex. Roscio [[vitio]] et culpae dedisse, id. Rosc. Am. 16, 48; [[Matius]] ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 28, 2.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>b</b> In [[respect]] of [[female]] [[chastity]] ([[whether]] of maidens or wives), a [[violation]]: [[quia]] pudicitiae hujus (Alcumenae) [[vitium]] me hic absente est additum, Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 179: pudicitiae ejus [[nunquam]] nec vim nec [[vitium]] attuli, id. Ep. 1, 2, 7: [[quoi]] [[misere]] per vim [[vitium]] obtulerat, Ter. Ad. 3, 2, 10; so, offerre, id. ib. 3, 1, 9: virginis, id. Eun. 4, 4, 55; cf.: [[vitium]] auctore redemit, Ov. H. 16 (17), 49.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>2</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; In relig. lang., a [[defect]] in the [[auspices]] or auguries: si cui [[servo]] aut ancillae dormienti evenit, [[quod]] [[comitia]] prohibere solet, ne id [[quidem]] mihi [[vitium]] facit, [[Cato]] ap. Fest. s. v. prohibere, p. 234 fin. Müll.; Ter. Hec. prol. 2; Liv. 8, 23, 16; 4, 7, 3: id [[igitur]] obvenit [[vitium]], [[quod]] tu jam Cal. Jan. futurum esse provideras, Cic. Phil. 2, 33, 83: [[tabernaculum]] [[vitio]] captum, id. N. D. 2, 4, 11; cf.: [[vitio]] navigare, id. Div. 1, 16, 29: comitiorum [[solum]] [[vitium]] est [[fulmen]], id. ib. 2, 18, 43.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>3</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A [[fault]] of [[language]]: barbarismi ac soloecismi [[foeditas]] absit ... haec vitia, etc., Quint. 1, 5, 5.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>4</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; In [[coinage]], t. t., [[base]] [[metal]], [[alloy]]: in [[aurum]] vitii aliquid addere, Dig. 48, 10, 9 praef.; cf.: [[ignis]] [[vitium]] metallis Excoquit, Ov. F. 4, 785.

{{Georges

|georg=vitium, iī, n., der [[Fehler]], das Gebrechen, der [[Schaden]], I) eig.: a) übh.: corporis, Plaut.: u. Cic.: v. mancipii, iumenti, ICt.: si [[nihil]] est in parietibus [[aut]] in tecto vitii, Cic.: si [[aedes]] corruerunt vitiumve fecerunt, [[schadhaft]] geworden sind, Cic.: [[vitio]] moriens sitit aëris [[herba]], Verg. – b) [[als]] mediz. t.t., der [[Fehler]], das [[Leiden]], nervine id [[vitium]] an [[cutis]] sit, Cels.: v. ani, Cels.: v. intestinorum, Cels.: vitia per totum [[corpus]] orientia, Cels. – [[als]] Krankheitsursache, ex [[aliquo]] [[vitio]] [[quasi]] parva [[fistula]] aperitur, Cels.: [[porrigo]] [[non]] [[sine]] [[aliquo]] corporis [[vitio]] nascitur, Cels.: [[sive]] tempestatum, [[vitio]] [[sive]] corporis, ungesunde [[Beschaffenheit]], Cels. – c) [[als]] t.t. der [[Münze]], der falsche [[Zusatz]] zum od. im edlen Metalle, in [[aurum]] vitii [[aliquid]] addere, [[Gold]] [[verfälschen]], Ulp. dig. 48, 10, 9 pr.: [[ignis]]... [[vitium]] (die [[Schlacke]]) metallis excoquit (scheidet aus), Ov. [[fast]]. 4, 785. – II) übtr.: A) im allg., der [[Fehler]] ([[Schnitzer]]), [[Fehlgriff]], [[Mißgriff]], [[Mangel]], die Unvollkommenheit, [[Schuld]], adversum v. castrorum, fehlerhafte, ungünstige [[Lage]], Caes.: v. orationis, Quint.: v. sermonis, Quint.: v. ingenii, Quint.: v. Stoicae sectae, Quint.: vitia hostium, Tac.: vitia in dicente acutius [[quam]] [[recta]] videre, Cic.: [[huc]] si perveneris, [[meum]] v. fuerit, meine [[Schuld]], Cic.: [[illud]] [[mihi]] [[vitium]] est maximum, das ist [[mein]] größter [[Fehler]], Ter.: [[sine]] medici [[vitio]], Cels.: vini [[vitio]] [[atque]] amoris feci, Plaut.: si [[aliquid]] [[modo]] esset vitii, [[auch]] der geringste [[Fehler]], Cic.: [[itaque]] hāc rogatione [[non]] iudicum [[sententia]], [[sed]] [[legis]] [[vitium]] corrigebatur, Cic.: [[hoc]] [[vitium]] compensare [[vel]] facultate [[vel]] copiā (v. [[Redner]]), Cic.: [[multa]] vitia ponere, Cic.: [[omnia]] [[fere]] vitia vitare, Cic.: vitia in sermone, [[quo]] [[minus]] is [[Latinus]] sit, [[duo]] possunt [[esse]], Cornif. rhet. 4, 17. – [[vitium]] est m. Infin., an [[vitium]] nullum est [[non]] parēre rationi? Cic. Tusc. 4, 39: [[non]] erit [[vitium]] porrexisse stipem, Sen. contr. 1, 1, 9. – B) insbes.: 1) [[als]] t.t. der Religionssprache, der [[Fehler]] in den Augurien (Auspizien), der Formfehler, id [[igitur]] obvenit [[vitium]], [[quod]] tu [[iam]] Kal. Ian. futurum [[esse]] provideras, Cic.: [[tabernaculum]] [[vitio]] ([[gegen]] die Auspizien) captum, Cic.: [[vitio]] creatum [[esse]] (v. höheren Magistraten), Liv.: navigare [[vitio]], Cic.: comitiorum [[solum]] [[vitium]] est [[fulmen]], Cic. – 2) der moralische [[Fehler]], das Vergehen, die [[Schuld]], das [[Laster]] (Ggstz. [[virtus]]), a) übh.: nullum ob [[totius]] vitae [[non]] dicam [[vitium]], [[sed]] [[erratum]], Cic.: verb. m. [[culpa]], [[Fehler]] der [[Genußsucht]], Hor.: [[vitium]] alci dicere, jmdm. [[etwas]] Böses [[nachsagen]], [[Komik]].: v. fugere, Hor.: ne [[sibi]] [[vitio]] verterent, [[quod]] abesset a [[patria]], Cic.: [[vitio]] ducere, zum [[Fehler]] ([[als]] [[Tadel]]) [[anrechnen]] (Ggstz. laudi ducere), Ter.: [[hoc]] [[vitio]] datur, wird zum F. angerechnet (Ggstz. [[hoc]] laudi est), Ter.: alci [[vitio]] dare (Ggstz. laudi dare), Ter.; m. folg. si od. [[quod]] (daß), es zum [[Fehler]] (zum [[Verbrechen]]) [[anrechnen]], Cic.: verb. alci alqd [[vitio]] et culpae dare, Cic.: in [[vitio]] [[esse]], [[fehlerhaft]] [[sein]], [[Tadel]] [[verdienen]] (Ggstz. in laude [[esse]]), Cic., u.v. Pers. = in [[Schuld]] [[sein]], Cic.: [[hoc]] est in [[vitio]] m. folg. Infin., Cic. de fin. 5, 31: [[non]] [[vitiosus]] [[homo]] es, [[sed]] [[vitium]] (das leibhaftige [[Laster]]), Mart. – b) die [[Schändung]] [[des]] weiblichen Geschlechtes, addere, afferre [[vitium]] pudicitiae alcis, Plaut.: offerre [[vitium]], Gell.: per vim offerre [[vitium]], Ter. – / Genet. Plur. vitiûm, Titin. com. 149.

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