νόμος: Difference between revisions

|txtha=νόμου, ὁ ([[νέμω]] to [[divide]], [[distribute]], [[apportion]]), in [[secular]] authors from [[Hesiod]] [[down]], [[anything]] established, [[anything]] [[received]] by [[usage]], a [[custom]], [[usage]], [[law]]; in the Sept. [[very]] [[often]] for תּורָה, [[also]] for חֻקָּה, דָּת, etc. In the N. T. a [[command]], [[law]]; and<br /><b class="num">1.</b> of [[any]] [[law]] [[whatsoever]]: [[διά]] ποίου νόμου; [[νόμος]] δικαιοσύνης, a [[law]] or [[rule]] producing a [[state]] approved of God, i. e. by the [[observance]] of [[which]] we are approved of God, a [[precept]] or [[injunction]]: [[κατά]] νόμον ἐντολῆς σαρκίνης, [[νόμος]] [[τοῦ]] νως, the [[rule]] of [[action]] prescribed by [[reason]], [[νόμος]], as [[ἕτερος]] [[νόμος]] ἐν τοῖς μέλεσί μου, a [[different]] [[law]] from [[that]] [[which]] God has given, i. e. the [[impulse]] to [[sin]] [[inherent]] in [[human]] [[nature]], or ὁ [[νόμος]] τῆς ἁμαρτίας (genitive of [[author]]), ὁ [[νόμος]] [[τοῦ]] θανάτου, emanating from the [[power]] of [[death]], ὁ [[νόμος]] [[τοῦ]] πνεύματος, the [[impulse]] to ([[right]]) [[action]] emanating from the Spirit, ibid.<br /><b class="num">2.</b> of the Mosaic [[law]], and referring, [[according]] to the context, [[either]] to the [[volume]] of the [[law]] or to its contents: [[with]] the [[article]], L T Tr WH [[omit]] the [[article]] ([[also]] G in Romans, ii., p. 57; (others [[take]] [[νόμος]] [[here]] [[generally]], equivalent to controlling [[principle]]; [[see]] 1above [[under]] the [[end]] and cf. Winer's Grammar, 557 (578); Buttmann, § 151,15)); [[δόγμα]], 2); Μωϋσέως, L T Tr WH [[omit]] the [[article]]); κυρίου, [[τοῦ]] Θεοῦ, (T WH marginal [[reading]]); [[κατά]] [[τόν]] νόμον, [[according]] to the ([[standard]] or [[requirement]] of the) [[law]], [[νόμος]] [[without]] the [[article]] (in the Epistles of Paul and James and the Epistle to the Hebrews; cf. Winer's Grammar, p. 123 (117); Buttmann, 89 (78); ([[some]] interpreters [[contend]] [[that]] [[νόμος]] [[without]] the [[article]] denotes [[not]] the [[law]] of Moses [[but]] [[law]] viewed as 'a [[principle]]', '[[abstract]] and [[universal]]'; cf. Lightfoot on Fresh Revision, etc., p. 99; Vaughan on Romans, pp. 41ff. (cf. Cremer, [[under]] the [[word]]). This [[distinction]] is [[contrary]] to [[usage]] (as exhibited e. g. in Galatians 3:; κυρίου, L has the [[article]]), L T Tr WH [[add]] the [[article]]); of Θεοῦ, Μωϋσέως, [[διά]] νόμου, [[χωρίς]] νόμου, [[without]] the cooperation of the [[law]], οἱ ἐκ νόμου, those [[who]] [[rule]] [[their]] [[life]] by the [[law]], Jews, οἱ ἐν νόμῳ, [[who]] are in the [[power]] of the [[law]], i. e. [[bound]] to it, ἐν τῷ νόμῳ); [[ὑπό]] νόμον, [[under]] [[dominion]] of the [[law]], οἱ [[ὑπό]] νόμον, δικαιοῦσθαι ἐν νόμῳ, ἔργα νόμου ([[see]] [[ἔργον]], [[under]] the [[end]]); ἐν νόμῳ ἁμαρτάνειν, [[under]] [[law]], i. e. [[with]] [[knowledge]] of the [[law]], ἔχοντες νόμον, cf. [[νόμον]] μή ἔχειν, ibid. 14; ἑαυτοῖς [[εἰσί]] [[νόμος]], [[their]] [[natural]] [[knowledge]] of [[right]] takes the [[place]] of the Mosaic [[law]], ibid.; [[νόμος]] ἔργων, the [[law]] demanding works, [[διά]] νόμου νόμῳ [[ἀπέθανον]], by the [[law]] itself ([[when]] I became convinced [[that]] by [[keeping]] it I could [[not]] [[attain]] to [[salvation]], cf. Winer's Grammar, 210 (197); Buttmann, § 133,12). [[κατά]] νόμον, as respects the [[interpretation]] and [[observance]] of the [[law]], πληροῦν νόμον, [[τόν]] νόμον πληροῦν τό [[δικαίωμα]] [[τοῦ]] νόμου, φυλάσσειν ([[τόν]]) νόμον, τά δικαιώματα [[τοῦ]] νόμου, πράσσειν νόμον, ποιεῖν [[τόν]] νόμον, τηρεῖν, ); τέλειν, ἀκυρουν [[τόν]] νόμον T WH marginal [[reading]]). ὁ [[νόμος]] is used of [[some]] [[particular]] [[ordinance]] of the Mosaic [[law]] in [[τοῦ]] [[ἀνδρός]], the [[law]] enacted [[respecting]] the [[husband]], i. e. [[binding]] the [[wife]] to her [[husband]], elz [[omit]] [[τοῦ]] νόμου (so ὁ [[νόμος]] [[τοῦ]] [[πάσχα]], [[τοῦ]] λεπροῦ, Romans, ii., p. 9; cf. Winer's Grammar, § 30,2 β.). Although the Jews did [[not]] [[make]] a [[distinction]] as we do [[between]] the [[moral]], the [[ceremonial]]; the [[civil]], precepts of the [[law]], [[but]] [[thought]] [[that]] [[all]] should be honored and kept [[with]] the [[same]] [[conscientious]] and [[pious]] [[regard]], [[yet]] in the N. T. [[not]] [[infrequently]] the [[law]] is so referred to as to [[show]] [[that]] the [[speaker]] or [[writer]] has his [[eye]] on the [[ethical]] [[part]] of it [[alone]], as of [[primary]] [[importance]] and [[among]] Christians [[also]] of [[perpetual]] [[validity]], [[but]] does [[not]] [[care]] for the [[ceremonial]] and [[civil]] portions, as [[being]] written for Jews [[alone]]: [[thus]] in τά [[τοῦ]] νόμου, the precepts, [[moral]] requirements, of the [[law]], [[νόμος]] ([[without]] the [[article]]) designates [[only]] the [[ethical]] [[portion]] of the Mosaic [[law]], confirmed by the [[authority]] of the Christian [[religion]]: the Christian [[religion]]: [[νόμος]] πίστεως, the [[law]] demanding [[faith]], [[τοῦ]] Χριστοῦ, the [[moral]] [[instruction]] given by Christ, [[especially]] the [[precept]] [[concerning]] [[love]], τῆς ἐλευθερίας ([[see]] [[ἐλευθερία]], a.), ὁ [[καινός]] [[νόμος]] [[τοῦ]] κυρίου [[ἡμῶν]] Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, [[ἄνευ]] ζυγοῦ ἀνάγκης ὤν, the Epistle of Barnabas 2,6 [ET] ([[see]] Harnack's [[note]], in the [[place]] cited).<br /><b class="num">4.</b> by metonymy ὁ [[νόμος]], the [[name]] of the [[more]] [[important]] [[part]] (i. e. the Pentateuch), is [[put]] for the [[entire]] [[collection]] of the [[sacred]] books of the O. T.: Theod.) Song of Solomon 2Macc. 2:18, [[where]] cf. Grimm); ὁ [[νόμος]] [[καί]] οἱ προφῆται, ὁ [[νόμος]] (οἱ) προφῆται [[καί]] ψαλμοί, the [[religious]] [[dispensation]] contained in the O. T., ὁ [[νόμος]], οἱ προφῆται [[καί]] τά [[ἀλλά]] [[πατριά]] βιβλία, proleg. to Sir.). Paul's [[doctrine]] [[concerning]] ὁ [[νόμος]] is exhibited by ([[besides]] others) Weiss, Biblical Theol. §§ 71,72; Pfleiderer, Paulinismus, pp. 69f. (English translation, i., p. 68f; A. Zahn, Das Gesetz Gottes nach d. Lehre u. Erfahrung d. Apestel Paulus, Halle 1876; R. Tiling, Die Paulinische Lehre vom [[νόμος]] nach d. vier Hauptbriefen, as [[above]] [[with]] Dorpat, 1878). [[νόμος]] does [[not]] [[occur]] in the [[following]] N. T. books: 2 Corinthians, Colossians, Thessalonians, 2 Timothy, Peter, Jude, John, and Revelation.