καθαιρέω: Difference between revisions

|Definition=Ion. [[καταιρέω]], Aeol. [[κατάγρημι]], [[quod vide|q.v.]]: fut. <span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> -ήσω <span class="bibl">Il.11.453</span>, etc.: fut. <span class="bibl">2</span> καθελῶ <span class="title">APl.</span>4.334 (Antiphil.): aor.2 [[καθεῖλον]], inf. [[καθελεῖν]]: aor. 1 καθεῖλα <span class="bibl">[[LXX]] <span class="title">3 Ki.</span>19.14</span>: Ion. pf. part. Pass. καταραιρημένος <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.172</span>:—[[take down]], καθείλομεν ἱστία <span class="bibl">Od. 9.149</span>; κὰδ δ' ἀπὸ πασσαλόφι ζυγὸν ᾕρεον <span class="bibl">Il.24.268</span>; καθαιρέω [[ἄχθος]] = [[take]] it [[down]], i.e. off one's [[shoulder]]s, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ra.</span>10</span>; κ. τὸ σημεῖον <span class="bibl">And.1.36</span>; <b class="b3">κ. τῶν ἐκ τῆς στοᾶς ὅπλων</b> some of them, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>5.4.8</span>; κ. εἰκόνα ἐξ ἀκροπόλεως <span class="bibl">Lycurg.117</span>; <b class="b3">κ. τινά</b>, from the cross, <span class="bibl">Plb.1.86.6</span>, <span class="bibl">Ph.2.529</span>:—Med., <b class="b3">κατελέσθαι τὰ τόξα</b> [[take down]] one's [[bow]], <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.78</span>; τοὺς ἱστούς <span class="bibl">Plb.1.61.1</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> [[put down]], [[close]] the eyes of the [[dead]], ὄσσε καθαιρήσουσι θανόντι περ <span class="bibl">Il.11.453</span>; ὀφθαλμοὺς καθελοῦσα <span class="bibl">Od.24.296</span>; χερσὶ κατ' ὀφθαλμοὺς ἑλέειν <span class="bibl">11.426</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> of sorcerers, [[bring down]] from the sky, σελήνην <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span>750</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Grg.</span>513a</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">4</span> <b class="b3">κατά με πέδον γᾶς ἕλοι</b> may earth [[swallow]] me! <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Supp.</span>829</span> (lyr.). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> [[put down by force]], [[destroy]], ὅτε κέν μιν μοῖρ' ὀλοὴ καθέλῃσι <span class="bibl">Od.2.100</span>, <span class="bibl">19.145</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">3.238</span>, etc.; μὴ καθέλοι μιν αἰών <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>9.60</span>; φῶτ' ἄδικον καθαιρεῖ <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span> 398</span>(lyr.); μοῖρα τὸν φύσαντα καθεῖλε <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>517</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">El.</span>878</span>(lyr.), etc.; [[kill]], [[slay]], [[ταῦρον]] ib.<span class="bibl">1143</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Stesich.23</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>1063</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Fr.</span>205</span>; <b class="b3">ἐάν τις ἀποκτείνῃ… ἐν ὁδῷ καθελών</b> Lexap.<span class="bibl">D.23.53</span>:—Pass., of criminals, to [[be executed]], <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Them.</span>22</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> [[put down]], [[reduce]], κ. Κῦρον καὶ τὴν Περσέων δύναμιν <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.71</span>, etc.; [[καθαιρεθῆναι]], opp. [[ἀρθῆναι]], <span class="bibl">D.2.8</span>; esp. [[depose]], [[dethrone]], <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.124</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">κ. τὸ λῃστικὸν ἐκ τῆς θαλάσσης</b> [[remove]] it [[utterly]] from... <span class="bibl">Th.1.4</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">POxy.</span>1408.23</span> (iii A.D.); κ. ὕβριν τινός <span class="bibl">Hdt.9.27</span>, <span class="bibl">[[LXX]] <span class="title">Za.</span>9.6</span>; ὄλβον <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Fr.</span>646.4</span>; [[ὑπερηφάνους]] Aristeas <span class="bibl">263</span>:—Pass., <b class="b3">καθῃρημένος τὴν αἴσθησιν</b> [[bereft]] of sense, <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Per.</span>38</span>; <b class="b3">καθαιρεῖσθαι τῆς μεγαλειότητος [Ἀρτέμιδος</b>] <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Act.Ap.</span>19.27</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> [[raze to the ground]], [[demolish]], πόλεις <span class="bibl">Th.1.58</span>, al., <span class="bibl">[[LXX]] <span class="title">Is.</span>14.17</span>; τείχη <span class="bibl">Pl. <span class="title">Mx.</span>244c</span>; <b class="b3">τῶν τειχῶν</b> a part of the walls, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>4.4.13</span>:—Pass., <span class="bibl">Th. 5.39</span>, etc.; καθῃρέθη… [[Οἰχαλία]] δορί <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>478</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">4</span> [[cancel]], [[rescind]], τὸ Μεγαρέων ψήφισμα <span class="bibl">Th.1.140</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">139</span>, <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Per.</span>29</span>; ἔργον κ. λόγῳ <span class="bibl">Philem.140</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">5</span> as law-term, [[condemn]], <b class="b3">ἡ καθαιροῦσα ψῆφος</b> a verdict of [[guilty]], <span class="bibl">Lys.13.37</span>: c. inf., ἐμὲ πάλος καθαιρεῖ… λαβεῖν <span class="bibl">S. <span class="title">Ant.</span>275</span>; so prob. κατά με… Ἀΐδας ἕλοι πατρὶ ξυνθανεῖν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">OC</span>1689</span> (lyr.), cf. <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Or.</span>862</span>; simply, [[decide]], ὅ τι ἂν αἱ πλείους ψῆφοι καθαιρῶσι <span class="bibl">D.H.7.36</span>, <span class="bibl">39</span>; in book-keeping, <b class="b3">ἃν καθαιρῶσιν αἱ ψῆφοι</b> whatever the counters (or accounts) [[prove]], prob. in <span class="bibl">D.18.227</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">6</span> [[reduce]], τῶν αὐξανομένων καὶ καθαιρουμένων γραμμῶν <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Ph.</span>237b9</span>; τοῦ ἀποστήματος πεφυκότος ἐπὶ πολὺ καθαιρεῖν τὰ μεγέθη <span class="bibl">Phld.<span class="title">Sign.</span>9</span>; of mild caustics, <b class="b3">τὰ ὑπερσαρκέοντα καθαιρεῖ</b> (prob. for [[καθαίρει]]) <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Ulc.</span>14</span>, cf. Gal.11.756; τὸ σῶμα κ. διαίταις <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Ant.</span>53</span>: Rhet., [[minimize]], <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Rh.</span>1376a34</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">III</span> [[overpower]], [[seize]], κὰδ δέ μιν ὕπνος ᾕρει <span class="bibl">Od. 9.372</span>; <b class="b3">κ. τινά</b> [[overtake]], <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>4.3.16</span>; <b class="b3">κ. τινὰ ἐν ἀφροσύνῃ</b> [[catch]] in the act of folly, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>383</span> (anap.): c. gen. partis, <b class="b3">κ. τῶν ὤτων</b> [[seize by]]... <span class="bibl">Theoc.5.133</span>:—Pass., κ. ὑπό τινος <span class="bibl">Hdt.6.29</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">IV</span> [[fetch down as a reward]] or [[prize]], καθαιρεῖν ἀγῶνας <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Pomp.</span>8</span>: metaph., [[achieve]], ἀγώνιον… εὖχος ἔργῳ καθελών <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>10(11).63</span>: fut. inf. [[καθαρεῖν]], [[παστόν]], [[μίτραν]], Epigr. in <span class="title">Berl.Sitzb.</span>1894.908 (Asia Minor):—Med., φόνῳ καθαιρεῖσθ', οὐ λόγῳ, τὰ πράγματα <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Supp.</span>749</span>:—Pass., <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.50</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">V</span> less freq. like the simple [[αἱρεῖν]], [[take and carry off]], <span class="bibl">Id.6.41</span>, cf.<span class="bibl">5.36</span> (Pass.). Cf. [[καθαίρω]].</span>

|auten=fut. καθαιρήσουσι, aor. καθείλομεν, subj. καθέλῃσι, [[part]]. καθελοῦσα: [[take]] [[down]], [[ἱστία]], ζυγὸν ἀπὸ [[πασσαλόφι]], ι 1, Il. 24.268; of [[closing]] the eyes of the [[dead]], Il. 11.453, Od. 24.296; [[fig]]., [[μοῖρα]] θανάτοιο, [[bring]] [[low]], [[overcome]], Od. 2.100, Od. 3.238.

|strgr=from [[κατά]] and [[αἱρέομαι]] (including its alternate); to [[lower]] (or [[with]] [[violence]]) [[demolish]] ([[literally]] or [[figuratively]]): [[cast]] ([[pull]], [[put]], [[take]]) [[down]], [[destroy]].

|txtha=[[καθαίρω]]; [[future]] καθελῶ ([[ἀφαιρέω]], at the [[beginning]])); 2nd aorist [[καθεῖλον]] (from the [[obsolete]] έ῾λω); [[present]] [[passive]] καθαιροῦμαι; from Homer down; the Sept. for הורִיד, to [[cause]] to go [[down]]; הָרַס, נָתַץ, פָּרַץ;<br /><b class="num">1.</b> to [[take]] [[down]]: [[without]] the [[notion]] of [[violence]], τινα, to [[detach]] from the [[cross]] [[one]] crucified, [[Polybius]] 1,86, 6; [[Philo]] in Flacc. § 10); τινα [[ἀπό]] [[τοῦ]] ξύλου, Sept. to [[throw]] [[down]], [[cast]] [[down]]: τινα [[ἀπό]] θρόνου, to [[pull]] [[down]], [[demolish]]: τάς ἀποθήκας, opposed to οἰκοδομεῖν, λογισμούς, the ([[subtle]]) reasonings (of opponents) likened to fortresses, equivalent to to [[refute]], to [[destroy]], ἔθνη, [[Thucydides]] 1,4; Aelian v. h. 2,25); [[τήν]] μεγαλειότητα τίνος, L T Tr WH) to the [[reading]] τῆς μεγαλειότητος αὐτῆς, it [[must]] be taken as a partitive genitive [[somewhat]] of her [[magnificence]]; cf. Buttmann, 158 (138) [[note]] (so Meyer; cf. [[Xenophon]], [[Hell]]. 4,4, 13. Al. [[translate]] [[that]] she should [[even]] be deposed from her [[magnificence]]; cf. Winer's Grammar, § 30,6; Buttmann, § 132,5).

|mdlsjtxt=ionic κατ- fut. ήσω fut. 2 [[καθελῶ]] aor2 [[καθεῖλον]] inf. [[καθελεῖν]] Pass., aor1 καθῃρέθην perf. -ῄρημαι<br /><b class="num">I.</b> to [[take]] [[down]], καθείλομεν [[ἱστία]] we lowered [[sail]], Od.; κ. [[ἄχθος]] to [[take]] a [[load]] [[down]], i. e. off one's shoulders, Ar.:—Mid., καταιρεῖσθαι τὰ τόξα to [[take]] [[down]] one's bow, Hdt.<br /><b class="num">2.</b> to put [[down]] or [[close]] the eyes of the [[dead]], Hom.<br /><b class="num">3.</b> of sorcerers, to [[bring]] [[down]], Lat. [[caelo]] deducere, σελήνην Ar., Plat.<br /><b class="num">4.</b> [[κατά]] με [[πέδον]] γᾶς ἕλοι (in tmesi) may [[earth]] [[swallow]] me! Eur.<br /><b class="num">II.</b> to put [[down]] by [[force]], [[destroy]], Od., Trag.: [[simply]] to [[kill]], [[slay]], Eur.<br /><b class="num">2.</b> in a milder [[sense]], to put [[down]], [[reduce]], Hdt., Dem., etc.: to [[depose]], [[dethrone]], Hdt.; κ. τὸ λῃστικόν to [[remove]] it [[utterly]], Thuc.<br /><b class="num">3.</b> to [[rase]] to the [[ground]], [[pull]] [[down]], τὰς πόλεις Thuc.; τῶν τειχῶν a [[part]] of the walls, Xen.<br /><b class="num">4.</b> to [[cancel]], [[rescind]], τὸ [[ψήφισμα]] Thuc.<br /><b class="num">5.</b> as [[attic]] law-[[term]], to [[condemn]], Soph.<br /><b class="num">6.</b> to [[reduce]] in [[flesh]], Plut.<br /><b class="num">III.</b> to [[overpower]], [[seize]], κὰδ δέ μιν [[ὕπνος]] ᾕρει (in tmesi) Od.; καθ. τινὰ ἐν ἀφροσύνῃ to [[catch]] in the act of [[folly]], Soph.: c. gen. partis, κ. τῶν [[ὤτων]] to [[seize]] by the ears, Theocr.<br /><b class="num">IV.</b> to [[fetch]] [[down]] as a [[reward]] or [[prize]], καθαιρεῖν ἀγῶνα or [[ἀγώνισμα]] Plut.: metaph. to [[achieve]], Pind.; so in Mid., φόνῳ καθαιρεῖσθ', οὐ λόγῳ, τὰ πράγματα Eur.; in Pass., Hdt.<br /><b class="num">V.</b> [[more]] [[rarely]] like the [[simple]] [[αἱρέω]], to [[take]] and [[carry]] off, [[seize]], Hdt.