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|Definition= | |Definition=δόγματος, τό, ([[δοκέω]])<br><span class="bld">A</span> [[that which seems to one]], [[opinion]] or [[belief]], [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Republic|R.]]'' 538c; δόγμα πόλεως κοινόν Id.''Lg.''644d, etc.; especially of [[philosophical]] [[doctrine]]s, Epicur.''Nat.''14.7, 15.28, Str.15.1.59, Ph.1.204, etc.; [[notion]], [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Theaetetus|Tht.]]''158d, al.<br><span class="bld">2</span> [[decision]], [[judgement]], Id.''Lg.''926d (pl.); [[public decree]], [[ordinance]], And.4.6; τὰ τῶν Ἀμφικτυόνων δόγματα D.5.19, cf. 18.154; <b class="b3">δόγμα ποιήσασθαι</b>, c. inf., X.''An.''3.3.5; especially of Roman [[Senatus-consulta]], δόγμα συγκλήτου Plb.6.13.2, ''IG''12(3).173.22; δ. τῆς βουλῆς D.H.8.87. | ||
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{{DGE | {{DGE | ||
|dgtxt=(δόγμᾱ) • | |dgtxt=(δόγμᾱ)<br /><b class="num">• Diccionario Micénico:</b> <i>do-ka-ma-i</i> (?), v. [[ζαγμά]]<br />δόγματος, τό<br /><b class="num">I</b> <b class="num">1</b>[[opinión]], [[creencia]], [[parecer]] ὅταν σοι προσπίπτῃ τι τῶν τοιούτων δογμάτων, ἴθι ἐπὶ τὰς ἀποδιοπομπήσεις si caes en alguna de esas creencias, acude a sacrificios expiatorios</i> Pl.<i>Lg</i>.854b, δόγματα ... ἀληθῆ Pl.<i>Tht</i>.158d, δόγματα ... θνητά Pl.<i>Ti</i>.990b, cf. <i>Phlb</i>.41b, Arr.<i>Epict</i>.4.11.8, δόγματα παλαιῶν ἀνδρῶν Ph.2.361, cf. Plot.1.4.7, Vett.Val.103.9.<br /><b class="num">2</b> [[noción]] ἔστι που ἡμῖν δόγματα ἐκ παίδων περὶ δικαίων καὶ καλῶν Pl.<i>R</i>.538c, ἓν γὰρ ἑνὸς δοκέει δόγματος ἀντίπαλον pues una noción (honestidad) parece oponerse a la otra (amabilidad)</i> <i>AP</i> 9.393 (Pall.).<br /><b class="num">II</b> como resultado de una reflexión<br /><b class="num">1</b> [[opinión]], [[principio doctrinal]], [[idea fundamental]] en dif. campos del saber, en fil. πρὸς τὸ τῶν εἰκότων δ. διασῴζειν ἡμᾶς salvarnos centrándonos en un principio verosímil</i> Pl.<i>Ti</i>.48d, ἐν ποιήμασιν ἐξέφερον οἱ φιλόσοφοι τὰ δόγματα Plu.2.402e, cf. 607c, ἐν μὲν τοῖς φιλοσόφοις οὐκ εἶναι δ. φησὶν ἑαυτοὺς ἐξάγειν dice que entre los sabios (indios) el suicidio no es objeto de dogma alguno</i> Megasth.34a, cf. Str.15.1.59, δόγματα δὲ ἑκατέρως καλεῖται, τό τε δοξαζόμενον καὶ ἡ [[δόξα]] αὐτή D.L.3.51, entre los sofistas, como algo «vendido» por ellos, Pl.<i>R</i>.493a, cf. <i>Sph</i>.265c, σοφισταὶ πιπράσκοντες ... ἐπ' ἀγορᾶς δόγματα καὶ λόγους Ph.2.167, en teoría polít. εἰ φυλακικοί εἰσι τούτου δόγματος ref. la supremacía del bien común, Pl.<i>R</i>.412e, cf. 413c, <i>Lg</i>.875b, en medic. τὰ δὲ δόγματα τῶν διδασκόντων Hp.<i>Lex</i> 3, en geom. δ. γεωμετρικόν postulado geométrico</i> Arist.<i>Metaph</i>.992<sup>a</sup>21<br /><b class="num">•</b>[[solidez]], [[credibilidad científica]] μὴ σαφὲς ἔχουσι δ. no tienen credibilidad científica las prácticas mágicas</i>, Pl.<i>Lg</i>.933b.<br /><b class="num">2</b> entre los estoicos, como formulación lóg. [[juicio]] τὸ μὲν δ. ἐστὶ κατάληψίς τις λογική el juicio es una comprensión lógica</i> Chrysipp.<i>Stoic</i>.2.37, τὴν τῆς ψυχῆς ὑγίειαν εὐκρασίαν εἶναι τῶν ἐν τῇ ψυχῇ δογμάτων Chrysipp.<i>Stoic</i>.3.68, cf. 125, πιθανὰ λήμματα εἰς τὰ δόγματα πρὸς Φιλομαθῆ tít. de Chrysipp.<i>Stoic</i>.2.8.<br /><b class="num">3</b> [[cuerpo doctrinal]], [[doctrina]] filosófica o científica, Epicur.<i>Nat</i>.14.40.5, 6, 10, 12, 15.28, Diog.Oen.32.5.8, Ph.1.204, τὸ περὶ τῶν ἀτόμων δ. Posidon.285<br /><b class="num">•</b>esp. de los estoicos τοῖς στωικοῖς δόγμασιν ἐντραφείς D.C.66.12.1, cf. 71.1.3, Ach.Tat.<i>Intr.Arat</i>.9, δ. ἀνθρώπινον doctrina humana</i> de los filósofos, por op. a la cristiana <i>Ep.Diog</i>.5.3 (pero cf. <i>infra</i>).<br /><b class="num">III</b> en la esfera polít.<br /><b class="num">1</b> gener. [[acuerdo]], [[decisión]] tomada por acuerdo polít. λογισμὸς ὅ τι ποτ' αὐτῶν ἄμεινον ἢ χεῖρον, ὃς γενόμενος δ. πόλεως κοινὸν νόμος ἐπωνόμασται Pl.<i>Lg</i>.644d, cf. And.4.6, πᾶς ἐστι νόμος εὕρημα μὲν καὶ [[δῶρον]] θεῶν, δ. δ' ἀνθρώπων φρονίμων D.25.16, παραβὰς τὰ δόγματα Lys.6.43, de particulares κοινῷ δόγματι de común acuerdo</i> Luc.<i>Nigr</i>.23.<br /><b class="num">2</b> [[decreto]], [[decisión]], [[resolución]]<br /><b class="num">a)</b> de ligas y confederaciones: de la liga peloponesia κατὰ τὸ δ. τῶν συμμάχων X.<i>HG</i> 5.2.37, del Consejo anfictiónico τῶν Ἀμφικτυόνων D.5.19, cf. 18.154, <i>FD</i> 2.68.1, 3.261.1 (ambas II a.C.), de la asamblea plenaria de los griegos τὸ κοινὸν δ. τῶν Ἑλλήνων Aeschin.2.32, cf. 61, de alianzas de Atenas con diversas [[ciudad]] κατὰ τὰ δόγματα τῶν συμμάχων <i>IG</i> 2<sup>2</sup>.97.14 (IV a.C.), οἱ σύμμαχοι [[δόγμα]] εἰσήνειγκαν εἰς τ[ὴν βουλὴν δ] έχεσθαι τὴν συμμαχίαν <i>IG</i> 2<sup>2</sup>.112.13 (IV a.C.), del <i>koinon</i> de los jonios <i>Milet</i> 1(2).10.21 (III a.C.), del <i>koinon</i> etolio <i>IG</i> 12(2).15.15 (Mitilene III a.C.), de la asamblea aquea δ. κυροῦν aprobar el decreto</i> Plb.4.26.1, δ. ἐπικυροῦν ratificar, confirmar el decreto</i> por parte de las ciudades miembro, Plb.4.26.2, κοινὸν δ. decreto común</i> declarando la guerra, Plb.4.26.4, en época romana, del consejo provincial de Bitinia δόγματι [κοιν] οβουλίου <i>IPrusias</i> 47.2 (II d.C.);<br /><b class="num">b)</b> de ciudades, frec. dorias o de constitución no democrática, de Mégara <i>IG</i> 7.3.15 (IV a.C.), Λακεδαιμονίων δ. <i>SEG</i> 12.371 (Cos III a.C.), cf. Paus.4.18.2, de Halasarna κατὰ τινα νόμον ἢ δ. κοινὸν τοῦ παντὸς δάμου <i>Sokolowski</i> 3.173.39 (Cos III a.C.), τὰ δόγματα τᾶς ἐκκλησίας Maier, <i>GMBI</i> 46.18 (Cos III/II a.C.), cf. <i>IM</i> 61.6 (III/II a.C.), τὸ γραφὲν δ. περὶ τᾶς ἀσυλίας ὑπὸ τᾶς πόλιος <i>ICr</i>.1.5.52.36 (Arcades III a.C.), cf. 1.5.53.31 (Arcades II a.C.), ἁ πόλις θῆκεν ἀγῶνα χορῶν δόγματι κοινοτελεῖ <i>IG</i> 11(4).1150 (II a.C.)<br /><b class="num">•</b>tb. en época romana μηδὲ δ. τινὶ διδόναι πολιτείας ἢ χρήσεως τῶν δημοσίων <i>IMaced</i>.186.21 (II d.C.), κοινῷ δόγματι τῆς λαμπρᾶς μητροπόλεως Σίδης <i>Side</i> 1.5 (imper.), κατὰ τὸ [[δόγμα]] τῆς πόλεως <i>IHadrian</i>.52.6 (II d.C.), cf. Luc.<i>Vit.Auct</i>.17, δόγματι κοινῷ βουλῆς καὶ δήμου <i>MAMA</i> 4.66 (Frigia III d.C.), cf. <i>TAM</i> 3(1).80 (Termeso III/IV d.C.);<br /><b class="num">c)</b> del senado romano, [[senadoconsulto]] χωρὶς τῶν τῆς συγκλήτου δογμάτων Plb.6.13.2, cf. 3.27.7, κατὰ δ. συγκλήτου <i>IG</i> 12(3).173.22 (Astipalea II a.C.), cf. <i>Mon.Anc.Gr</i>.11.5, <i>IAphrodisias</i> 1.6a.27 (I a.C.), <i>SEG</i> 39.1180.9 (Éfeso I d.C.), I.<i>BI</i> 1.346, Plu.<i>Aem</i>.29, D.C.47.29.2, κάλλιστα καὶ συμφορώτατα δόγματα παρὰ τῶν κρατούντων ἐνηνοχώς <i>IClaros</i> 1.M.1.33, cf. 1.P.2.41 (ambas II a.C.), δ. [συ] γκλητικόν <i>IPr</i>.120.26 (I a.C.).<br /><b class="num">3</b> [[edicto]] imperial ἐξῆλθεν δ. παρὰ Καίσαρος Αὐγούστου <i>Eu.Luc</i>.2.1, cf. <i>Act.Ap</i>.17.7, τούτου τοῦ ἐμοῦ δόγματος ἀντίγραφα <i>SB</i> 11648.2.22 (III d.C.), del prefecto <i>POxy</i>.1417.27 (IV d.C.).<br /><b class="num">4</b> de otras instancias [[decisión]], [[decreto]] de los gobernantes de la ciudad ideal τά τῶν ἀρχόντων δόγματα Pl.<i>R</i>.414b, κύρια τελοῦντες τὰ τούτων (<i>[[sc.]]</i> τῶν νομοφυλάκων) δόγματα Pl.<i>Lg</i>.926d, de la asamblea del ejército de los diez mil ἐδόκει τοῖς στρατηγοῖς βέλτιον εἶναι δ. ποιήσασθαι X.<i>An</i>.3.3.5, del rey de Babilonia τὸ δ. ἐξῆλθεν [[LXX]] <i>Da</i>.2.13θ<br /><b class="num">•</b>p. ext. τελέσας πικρὰ δόγματα Μοιρῶν habiendo cumplido los amargos decretos de las Moiras</i>, <i>IPrusa</i> 60.5 (II d.C.), ἄστροφα Μοιρῶν δόγματα <i>IG</i> 12.<i>Suppl</i>.165a.8 (Melos I d.C.), cf. 12(7).302.6 (Amorgos III d.C.)<br /><b class="num">•</b>de un particular, ref. [[disposiciones]] funerarias Ῥωμύλου ... τύμβος καὶ δόγματα ταῦτα· <i>SEG</i> 32.1256A.1 (Nicomedia, imper.).<br /><b class="num">6</b> [[sentencia]], [[fallo]] judicial τῶν προέδρων καὶ τῶν συμβούλων Ach.Tat.8.8.5.<br /><b class="num">IV</b> en el ámbito de la relig., en lit. judeo-crist.<br /><b class="num">1</b> [[creencia]] religiosa, del judaísmo τῶν πατρίων δογμάτων ἀπηλλοτριωμένος [[LXX]] 3<i>Ma</i>.1.3, cf. Cels.Phil.5.41, Eus.<i>PE</i> 11.9.4, de otros πάντα τὰ τῶν ἐναντιουμένων δόγματα Ph.1.189, cf. Cels.Phil.8.68, Gr.Naz.M.36.17B, Thdt.M.82.645A<br /><b class="num">•</b>[[religión]], [[secta]] de los maniqueos ποιήσωμεν αὐτὸν διδάσκαλον τοῦ δόγματος ἡμῶν Manes 86.8, cf. 68.9.<br /><b class="num">2</b> [[precepto]], [[mandamiento]] δόγματα τὰ κεκριμένα ὑπὸ τῶν ἀποστόλων <i>Act.Ap</i>.16.4, cf. <i>Ep.Eph</i>.2.15, <i>Ep.Col</i>.2.14, νόμος ὅστις ... δόγμασιν ἀνθρώποις ἐδόθη <i>Orac.Sib</i>.8.301<br /><b class="num">•</b>[[doctrina]] cristiana κατὰ τὸ δ. τοῦ εὐαγγελίου, οὕτω ποιήσατε <i>Didache</i> 11.3, δ. τῆς ἀληθείας Aristid.<i>Apol</i>.2.8, εἰσήλασα εἰς τὸ δ. τῶν βαπτιστῶν Manes 11.3, σωτηρίας δ. Origenes <i>Princ</i>.4.1.2, τὸ χριστιανικὸν δ. Thdr.Mops.M.66.937A, de doctrinas heréticas, Iren.Lugd.<i>Ep.Flor</i>. en Eus.<i>HE</i> 5.20.4, δόγματα τῆς ἀσεβείας Basil.<i>Eunom</i>.501B, τῆς βλασφημίας Basil.<i>Eunom</i>.549A, τὸ καθ' ἡμᾶς δ. Eus.<i>HE</i> 2.13.2, μαχόμενα δόγματα doctrinas contradictorias</i> Clem.Al.<i>Strom</i>.7.16.100, τῶν ὑπερφυῶν δογμάτων θεωρία Didym.<i>Gen</i>.230.23, cf. Gr.Nyss.<i>Or.Catech</i>.8.13, ἡ τῶν δογμάτων [[δυσσέβεια]] Thdt.<i>Is</i>.6.281, [[ἀνάθημα]] Νεστορίῳ καὶ τοῖς δόγμασιν αὐτοῦ <i>CChalc</i>.(451) <i>Act</i>.9.8, τὰ τερατόμορφα δόγματα Σευήρου las monstruosas doctrinas de Severo</i> Eust.Mon.<i>Ep</i>.436<br /><b class="num">•</b>[[dogma definido en concilios y sínodos]] δ. περὶ τοῦτο γέγονεν ἐν ταῖς μεγίσταις τῶν ἐπισκόπων συνόδοις Dion.Alex. en Eus.<i>HE</i> 7.5.5, τὰ τῆς ἐκκλησίας δόγματα ref. a los dogmas acerca de la Encarnación de Cristo, Amph.<i>Seleuc</i>.214<br /><b class="num">•</b>[[credo]] τὰ τῆς συνόδου δόγματα κυρῶν Eus.<i>VC</i> 3.23. | ||
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{{pape | {{pape | ||
|ptext=[[https://www.translatum.gr/images/pape/pape-01-0651.png Seite 651]] τό, 1) die Meinung, τῷ τῶν πολλῶν δόγματι καὶ ῥήματι χρώμενοι Plat. Soph. 265 c, u. öfter; περὶ δικαίων καὶ καλῶν Rep. VII, 538 c. Gew. – 2) Beschluß, Verordnung; πόλεως Plat. Legg. I, 644 d; Dem. 18, 154; καὶ νόμιμα 26, 13; [[δόγμα]] | |ptext=[[https://www.translatum.gr/images/pape/pape-01-0651.png Seite 651]] τό, 1) die [[Meinung]], τῷ τῶν πολλῶν δόγματι καὶ ῥήματι χρώμενοι Plat. Soph. 265 c, u. öfter; περὶ δικαίων καὶ καλῶν Rep. VII, 538 c. Gew. – 2) [[Beschluß]], [[Verordnung]]; πόλεως Plat. Legg. I, 644 d; Dem. 18, 154; καὶ νόμιμα 26, 13; [[δόγμα ποιεῖσθαι]], [[beschließen]], Xen. An. 8, 3, 5 u. sonst. Oft Pol. u. Folgde; Lehrsätze der Philosophen; Plut. adv. Col.; D. L. 3, 52. | ||
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{{bailly | {{bailly | ||
|btext= | |btext=δόγματος (τό) :<br /><b>1</b> [[opinion]];<br /><b>2</b> [[décision]], [[décret]], [[arrêt]];<br />[[NT]]: [[ordonnance]], [[édit]] ; [[règle]] ; (postér.) [[dogme]].<br />'''Étymologie:''' R. Δοκ, cf. [[δοκέω]]. | ||
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{{elru | {{elru | ||
|elrutext='''δόγμα:''' | |elrutext='''δόγμα:''' δόγματος τό<br /><b class="num">1</b> [[мнение]], [[взгляд]] (περί τινος Plat., Arst.);<br /><b class="num">2</b> [[учение]], [[положение]], [[догма]] (ἄγραφα δόγματα Arst.; τὰ τῶν αἱρέσεων δόγματα Diog. L.; δόγματα μεμιγμένα μυθολογίᾳ Plut.);<br /><b class="num">3</b> [[постановление]], [[решение]] (πόλεως Plat.; τὰ τῶν Ἀμφικτυόνων δόγματα Dem.): [[δόγμα]] ποιήσασθαι τὸν πόλεμον ἀκήρυκτον εἶναι Xen. принять решение о том, чтобы вести непримиримую войну; δ. τῆς συγκλήτου Polyb. (в Риме; лат. [[senatus]] [[consultum]]) сенатское постановление. | ||
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{{Thayer | {{Thayer | ||
|txtha=δογματος, τό (from [[δοκέω]], and equivalent to τό δεδογμενον), an [[opinion]], a [[judgment]] ([[Plato]], others), [[doctrine]], [[decree]], [[ordinance]];<br /><b class="num">1.</b> of [[public]] decrees (as τῆς πόλεως, [[Plato]], legg. 1, p. 644d.; of the Roman Senate ([[Polybius]] 6,13, 2); Herodian, 7,10, 8 (5, Bekker edition)): of rulers, Theod. in Sept. uses [[other]] words).<br /><b class="num">2.</b> of the rules and requirements of the [[law]] of Moses, [[διατήρησις]] | |txtha=δογματος, τό (from [[δοκέω]], and equivalent to τό δεδογμενον), an [[opinion]], a [[judgment]] ([[Plato]], others), [[doctrine]], [[decree]], [[ordinance]];<br /><b class="num">1.</b> of [[public]] decrees (as τῆς πόλεως, [[Plato]], legg. 1, p. 644d.; of the Roman Senate ([[Polybius]] 6,13, 2); Herodian, 7,10, 8 (5, Bekker edition)): of rulers, Theod. in Sept. uses [[other]] words).<br /><b class="num">2.</b> of the rules and requirements of the [[law]] of Moses, [[διατήρησις]] τῶν ἁγίων δογμάτων, [[Philo]], alleg. legg. i., § 16; [[carrying]] a [[suggestion]] of [[severity]], and of threatened [[punishment]], [[τόν]] νόμον τῶν ἐντολῶν ἐν δογμασι, the [[law]] containing precepts in the [[form]] of decrees (A. V. the [[law]] of commandments contained in ordinances), τό καθ' [[ἡμῶν]] [[χειρόγραφον]] τοῖς δογμασι equivalent to τό τοῖς δογμασι (dative of [[instrument]]) by ὄν καθ' [[ἡμῶν]], the [[bond]] [[against]] us by its decrees, Winer's Grammar, § 31,10 Note 1 (Buttmann, 92 (80); on [[both]] passages [[see]] Lightfoot on Colossians, the [[passage]] cited).<br /><b class="num">3.</b> of [[certain]] decrees of the apostles [[relative]] to [[right]] [[living]]: βεβαιωθῆναι ἐν τοῖς δόγμασιν τοῦ κυρίου καί τῶν ἀποστόλων, Ignatius ad Magnes. 13,1 [ET]; of the precepts (`sentences' or tenets) of philosophers, in the [[later]] [[secular]] writings: [[Cicero]], acad. 2,9, 27 de suis decretis, quae philosophi vocant dogmata.) (On the [[use]] of the [[word]] in [[general]], [[see]] Lightfoot as [[above]]; (cf. ' Teaching' etc. 11,3 [ET]).) | ||
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{{lsm | {{lsm | ||
|lsmtext='''δόγμα:''' | |lsmtext='''δόγμα:''' δόγματος, τό ([[δοκέω]]),·<br /><b class="num">1.</b> αυτό που φαίνεται σε κάποιον καλό, [[γνώμη]], [[δοξασία]], σε Πλάτ.<br /><b class="num">2.</b> δημόσια [[διαταγή]] ή [[διάταγμα]], [[ψήφισμα]], [[θέσπισμα]], [[διάταξη]], [[απόφαση]], σε Ξεν., Δημ. | ||
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{{mdlsj | {{mdlsj | ||
|mdlsjtxt=[[δόγμα]], | |mdlsjtxt=[[δόγμα]], δόγματος, τό, <i>n</i> [[δοκέω]]<br /><b class="num">1.</b> that [[which]] seems to one, an [[opinion]], [[dogma]], Plat.<br /><b class="num">2.</b> a [[public]] [[decree]], [[ordinance]], Xen., Dem. | ||
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{{Chinese | {{Chinese | ||
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{{mantoulidis | {{mantoulidis | ||
|mantxt=(=[[γνώμη]], [[δοξασία]], ἀπόφαση). Ἀπό τό [[δοκέω]] -ῶ, ὅπου δές γιά περισσότερα παράγωγα. | |mantxt=(=[[γνώμη]], [[δοξασία]], [[ἀπόφαση]]). Ἀπό τό [[δοκέω]] -ῶ, ὅπου δές γιά περισσότερα παράγωγα. | ||
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{{trml | {{trml | ||
|trtx====opinion=== | |trtx====[[opinion]]=== | ||
Albanian: mendim; Arabic: رَأْي, نَظَر, فِكْر, عَقِيدَة; Hijazi Arabic: رَإِي; Armenian: կարծիք; Asturian: opinión; Azerbaijani: fikir, rəy, nəzər; Bashkir: фекер, уй; Basque: iritzi; Belarusian: зданне, думка, пагляд, погляд; Bengali: অভিমতি, নজর; Bulgarian: мнение, въ́зглед, схващане; Burmese: ဆန္ဒ, အထင်; Buryat: һанал; Catalan: opinió, parer; Chinese Cantonese: 意見, 意见, 睇法; Dungan: йиҗян; Mandarin: 意見, 意见, 看法, 見解, 见解; Min Nan: 意見, 意见; Czech: názor, posudek; Danish: mening; Dutch: [[mening]], [[opinie]], [[visie]], [[zienswijze]], [[gedachte]]; Esperanto: opinio; Estonian: arvamus; Finnish: mielipide, näkemys, mieli; French: [[avis]], [[opinion]]; Friulian: parè; Galician: opinión; Georgian: აზრი, მოსაზრება, შეხედულება; German: [[Meinung]], [[Ansicht]], [[Anschauung]]; Gothic: 𐌼𐌹𐍄𐍉𐌽𐍃; Greek: [[γνώμη]], [[άποψη]]; Ancient Greek: [[γνώμη]]; Hebrew: דֵעָה; Hindi: विचार, राय, ख़याल, अभिमत, नज़र; Hungarian: vélemény, nézet, szakvélemény; Icelandic: álit; Ido: opiniono; Indonesian: opini pendapat; Irish: tuairim, meas, barúil; Italian: [[opinione]], [[concetto]], [[parere]], [[giudizio]]; Japanese: 意見, 見解; Kazakh: пікір, ой; Khmer: យោបល់, មតិ, គំនិត; Korean: 의견(意見), 견해(見解); Kyrgyz: пикир, ой; Lao: ຄວາມເຫັນ, ທັດສະນະ, ສຽງ; Latgalian: redzīņs; Latin: [[opinio]], [[sententia]], [[iudicium]]; Latvian: doma; Lithuanian: nuomonė; Luxembourgish: Meenung, Avis, Usiicht; Macedonian: мислење, мнение; Malay: pendapat; Malayalam: അഭിപ്രായം; Maltese: fehma, opinjoni; Mingrelian: არზი; Mongolian Cyrillic: санал; Norwegian Bokmål: mening, synspunkt; Occitan: opinion; Old English: wēna; Persian: نظر, عقیده, رأی, فکر; Polish: opinia, zdanie, pogląd; Portuguese: [[opinião]]; Romanian: părere, opinie; Russian: [[мнение]], [[взгляд]], [[воззрение]]; Scottish Gaelic: barail, beachd; Serbo-Croatian Cyrillic: ми̏шље̄ње, мнење, назор; Roman: mȉšljēnje, mnénje, názor; Slovak: názor; Slovene: mnenje; Spanish: [[opinión]], [[parecer]], [[juicio]], [[apreciación]], [[concepto]], [[consideración]], [[sentencia]]; Swahili: maoni; Swedish: mening, uppfattning, omdöme, tycke, åsikt; Tagalog: opinyon; Tajik: фикр, мулоҳиза, андеша, назар, ақида, рой, раъй; Tatar: фикер, уй; Telugu: అభిప్రయము; Thai: ความเห็น, เสียง; Tibetan: བསམ་ཚུལ; Tok Pisin: tingting; Turkish: görüş, fikir; Turkmen: pikir; Ukrainian: думка, погляд, здання; Urdu: رائے, خیال, نظر; Uyghur: پىكىر, ئوي; Uzbek: fikr, mulohaza, nazar, oʻy; Vietnamese: ý kiến, kiến giải, ý; Volapük: kredül; Welsh: barn; Yiddish: מיינונג; Zazaki: fıkır, asatış | Albanian: mendim; Arabic: رَأْي, نَظَر, فِكْر, عَقِيدَة; Hijazi Arabic: رَإِي; Armenian: կարծիք; Asturian: opinión; Azerbaijani: fikir, rəy, nəzər; Bashkir: фекер, уй; Basque: iritzi; Belarusian: зданне, думка, пагляд, погляд; Bengali: অভিমতি, নজর; Bulgarian: мнение, въ́зглед, схващане; Burmese: ဆန္ဒ, အထင်; Buryat: һанал; Catalan: opinió, parer; Chinese Cantonese: 意見, 意见, 睇法; Dungan: йиҗян; Mandarin: 意見, 意见, 看法, 見解, 见解; Min Nan: 意見, 意见; Czech: názor, posudek; Danish: mening; Dutch: [[mening]], [[opinie]], [[visie]], [[zienswijze]], [[gedachte]]; Esperanto: opinio; Estonian: arvamus; Finnish: mielipide, näkemys, mieli; French: [[avis]], [[opinion]]; Friulian: parè; Galician: opinión; Georgian: აზრი, მოსაზრება, შეხედულება; German: [[Meinung]], [[Ansicht]], [[Anschauung]]; Gothic: 𐌼𐌹𐍄𐍉𐌽𐍃; Greek: [[γνώμη]], [[άποψη]]; Ancient Greek: [[ἀξίωσις]], [[γνῶμα]], [[γνώμη]], [[διάνοια]], [[διανοίη]], [[διανοιία]], [[διανοιΐα]], [[δόγμα]], [[δόκησις]], [[δόκος]], [[δόξα]], [[δοξασία]], [[δόξασμα]], [[δόξις]], [[οἴημα]], [[οἴησις]]; Hebrew: דֵעָה; Hindi: विचार, राय, ख़याल, अभिमत, नज़र; Hungarian: vélemény, nézet, szakvélemény; Icelandic: álit; Ido: opiniono; Indonesian: opini pendapat; Irish: tuairim, meas, barúil; Italian: [[opinione]], [[concetto]], [[parere]], [[giudizio]]; Japanese: 意見, 見解; Kazakh: пікір, ой; Khmer: យោបល់, មតិ, គំនិត; Korean: 의견(意見), 견해(見解); Kyrgyz: пикир, ой; Lao: ຄວາມເຫັນ, ທັດສະນະ, ສຽງ; Latgalian: redzīņs; Latin: [[opinio]], [[sententia]], [[iudicium]]; Latvian: doma; Lithuanian: nuomonė; Luxembourgish: Meenung, Avis, Usiicht; Macedonian: мислење, мнение; Malay: pendapat; Malayalam: അഭിപ്രായം; Maltese: fehma, opinjoni; Mingrelian: არზი; Mongolian Cyrillic: санал; Norwegian Bokmål: mening, synspunkt; Occitan: opinion; Old English: wēna; Persian: نظر, عقیده, رأی, فکر; Polish: opinia, zdanie, pogląd; Portuguese: [[opinião]]; Romanian: părere, opinie; Russian: [[мнение]], [[взгляд]], [[воззрение]]; Scottish Gaelic: barail, beachd; Serbo-Croatian Cyrillic: ми̏шље̄ње, мнење, назор; Roman: mȉšljēnje, mnénje, názor; Slovak: názor; Slovene: mnenje; Spanish: [[opinión]], [[parecer]], [[juicio]], [[apreciación]], [[concepto]], [[consideración]], [[sentencia]]; Swahili: maoni; Swedish: mening, uppfattning, omdöme, tycke, åsikt; Tagalog: opinyon; Tajik: фикр, мулоҳиза, андеша, назар, ақида, рой, раъй; Tatar: фикер, уй; Telugu: అభిప్రయము; Thai: ความเห็น, เสียง; Tibetan: བསམ་ཚུལ; Tok Pisin: tingting; Turkish: görüş, fikir; Turkmen: pikir; Ukrainian: думка, погляд, здання; Urdu: رائے, خیال, نظر; Uyghur: پىكىر, ئوي; Uzbek: fikr, mulohaza, nazar, oʻy; Vietnamese: ý kiến, kiến giải, ý; Volapük: kredül; Welsh: barn; Yiddish: מיינונג; Zazaki: fıkır, asatış | ||
===doctrine=== | ===[[doctrine]]=== | ||
Albanian: doktrinë; Arabic: مَذْهَب, عَقِيدَة; Armenian: սկզբունք, հիմնադրույթ; Bashkir: фекер, ҡараш; Belarusian: дактрына, вера; Bulgarian: доктрина, вяра; Burmese: ဝါဒ, အယူဝါဒ; Catalan: doctrina; Chinese Mandarin: 教條, 教条, 教義, 教义, 教理; Czech: doktrína, víra; Danish: doktrin, læresætning; Dutch: [[doctrine]]; Estonian: doktriin; Finnish: opinkappale, periaate; French: [[doctrine]]; Galician: doutrina; Georgian: დოქტრინა; German: [[Doktrin]]; Greek: [[δόγμα]]; Ancient Greek: [[δόγμα]]; Hebrew: דּוֹקְטְרִינָה; Hindi: मत, वाद; Hungarian: doktrína; Indonesian: doktrin; Irish: foirceadal, teagasc; Italian: [[dottrina]]; Japanese: 教義, ドクトリン, 教理; Kazakh: доктрина; Khmer: លទ្ធិ; Korean: 교의(敎義), 교리(敎理); Kyrgyz: доктрина; Lao: ລັດທິ; Latvian: doktrīna; Lithuanian: doktrina; Macedonian: доктрина, вера; Maori: whakaakoranga; Norman: doctrinne; Norwegian Bokmål: doktrine, læresetning; Nynorsk: doktrine, læresetning; Pali: laddhi, vāda; Persian: دکترین; Polish: doktryna; Portuguese: [[doutrina]]; Romanian: doctrină; Russian: [[доктрина]], [[вера]]; Sanskrit: वाद; Scottish Gaelic: teagasg; Serbo-Croatian Cyrillic: доктрина, ве̏ра, вје̏ра; Roman: doktrína, vȅra, vjȅra; Slovak: doktrína, viera; Slovene: doktrina, vera; Spanish: [[doctrina]]; Swedish: doktrin, lära; Tajik: доктрина; Telugu: సిద్ధాంతం; Thai: ลัทธิ; Turkish: doktrin, öğreti, ilke; Ukrainian: доктрина, ві́ра; Urdu: عَقیِدَہ, مَذْہَبْ; Uzbek: doktrina; Vietnamese: giáo lý, chủ nghĩa, giáo điều | Albanian: doktrinë; Arabic: مَذْهَب, عَقِيدَة; Armenian: սկզբունք, հիմնադրույթ; Bashkir: фекер, ҡараш; Belarusian: дактрына, вера; Bulgarian: доктрина, вяра; Burmese: ဝါဒ, အယူဝါဒ; Catalan: doctrina; Chinese Mandarin: 教條, 教条, 教義, 教义, 教理; Czech: doktrína, víra; Danish: doktrin, læresætning; Dutch: [[doctrine]]; Estonian: doktriin; Finnish: opinkappale, periaate; French: [[doctrine]]; Galician: doutrina; Georgian: დოქტრინა; German: [[Doktrin]]; Greek: [[δόγμα]]; Ancient Greek: [[δόγμα]]; Hebrew: דּוֹקְטְרִינָה; Hindi: मत, वाद; Hungarian: doktrína; Indonesian: doktrin; Irish: foirceadal, teagasc; Italian: [[dottrina]]; Japanese: 教義, ドクトリン, 教理; Kazakh: доктрина; Khmer: លទ្ធិ; Korean: 교의(敎義), 교리(敎理); Kyrgyz: доктрина; Lao: ລັດທິ; Latvian: doktrīna; Lithuanian: doktrina; Macedonian: доктрина, вера; Maori: whakaakoranga; Norman: doctrinne; Norwegian Bokmål: doktrine, læresetning; Nynorsk: doktrine, læresetning; Pali: laddhi, vāda; Persian: دکترین; Polish: doktryna; Portuguese: [[doutrina]]; Romanian: doctrină; Russian: [[доктрина]], [[вера]]; Sanskrit: वाद; Scottish Gaelic: teagasg; Serbo-Croatian Cyrillic: доктрина, ве̏ра, вје̏ра; Roman: doktrína, vȅra, vjȅra; Slovak: doktrína, viera; Slovene: doktrina, vera; Spanish: [[doctrina]]; Swedish: doktrin, lära; Tajik: доктрина; Telugu: సిద్ధాంతం; Thai: ลัทธิ; Turkish: doktrin, öğreti, ilke; Ukrainian: доктрина, ві́ра; Urdu: عَقیِدَہ, مَذْہَبْ; Uzbek: doktrina; Vietnamese: giáo lý, chủ nghĩa, giáo điều | ||
===decree=== | ===[[decree]]=== | ||
Arabic: أَمْر, مَرْسُوم; Armenian: պատգամ; Old Armenian: հրովարտակ; Azerbaijani: göstəriş, fərman, dekret; Bashkir: фарман; Belarusian: указ, дэкрэт, пастанова; Bulgarian: декрет, указ; Chinese Mandarin: 法令, 上諭, 上谕, 詔書, 诏书; Czech: dekret; Danish: dekret, forordning; Esperanto: dekreto; Finnish: asetus, määräys, dekreetti; French: [[décret]]; Galician: decreto; Georgian: ბრძანებულება; German: [[Erlass]], [[Dekret]], [[Verordnung]]; Gothic: 𐌲𐌰𐌲𐍂𐌴𐍆𐍄𐍃; Ancient Greek: [[δόγμα]], [[πρόσταγμα]]; Hindi: न्यायिक आदेश, आज्ञा, डिक्री; Hungarian: rendelet, dekrétum; Indonesian: dekret, titah; Irish: acht; Italian: [[decreto]], [[ordinanza]]; Japanese: 命令, 詔書, 詔勅; Korean: 법령(法令), 칙령(勅令); Latin: [[edictum]], [[decretum]], [[iussio]]; Macedonian: декрет; Malay: dekri; Norwegian Bokmål: forordning; Nynorsk: forordning; Persian: فرمان; Polish: dekret; Portuguese: [[decreto]]; Romanian: decret; Russian: [[указ]], [[декрет]], [[постановление]]; Slovak: dekrét; Spanish: [[decreto]]; Swedish: dekret, förordning; Turkish: genelge, sirküler, kararname; Ukrainian: указ, декрет, постанова; Zazaki: qanunname, ferman | Arabic: أَمْر, مَرْسُوم; Armenian: պատգամ; Old Armenian: հրովարտակ; Azerbaijani: göstəriş, fərman, dekret; Bashkir: фарман; Belarusian: указ, дэкрэт, пастанова; Bulgarian: декрет, указ; Chinese Mandarin: 法令, 上諭, 上谕, 詔書, 诏书; Czech: dekret; Danish: dekret, forordning; Esperanto: dekreto; Finnish: asetus, määräys, dekreetti; French: [[décret]]; Galician: decreto; Georgian: ბრძანებულება; German: [[Erlass]], [[Dekret]], [[Verordnung]]; Gothic: 𐌲𐌰𐌲𐍂𐌴𐍆𐍄𐍃; Ancient Greek: [[ἅδος]], [[ἀκρίβασμα]], [[ἁλίασμα]], [[ἀξίωμα]], [[βόλλα]], [[βουλή]], [[βωλά]], [[δέκρετον]], [[δέσποσμα]], [[διαβούλιον]], [[διαγνώμη]], [[διάταξις]], [[δικαίωμα]], [[δόγμα]], [[ἐπίκριμα]], [[ἦδος]], [[θέσπισμα]], [[κατάστασις]], [[κρίμα]], [[κρῖμα]], [[ὁρισμός]], [[πρόσταγμα]], [[ῥήτρα]], [[σύγκριμα]], [[σύνεσις]], [[συντομή]], [[ὑπομνηματισμός]], [[χρηματισμός]], [[ψᾶφαξ]], [[ψάφιγμα]], [[ψᾶφος]], [[ψήφισμα]], [[ψῆφος]], [[ψηφοφορία]]; Hindi: न्यायिक आदेश, आज्ञा, डिक्री; Hungarian: rendelet, dekrétum; Indonesian: dekret, titah; Irish: acht; Italian: [[decreto]], [[ordinanza]]; Japanese: 命令, 詔書, 詔勅; Korean: 법령(法令), 칙령(勅令); Latin: [[edictum]], [[decretum]], [[iussio]]; Macedonian: декрет; Malay: dekri; Norwegian Bokmål: forordning; Nynorsk: forordning; Persian: فرمان; Polish: dekret; Portuguese: [[decreto]]; Romanian: decret; Russian: [[указ]], [[декрет]], [[постановление]]; Slovak: dekrét; Spanish: [[decreto]]; Swedish: dekret, förordning; Turkish: genelge, sirküler, kararname; Ukrainian: указ, декрет, постанова; Zazaki: qanunname, ferman | ||
===[[decision]]=== | |||
Arabic: قَرَار, تَصْمِيم; Egyptian Arabic: حكم; Hijazi Arabic: قرار; Armenian: որոշում; Azerbaijani: qərar; Basque: erabaki; Belarusian: рашэнне; Bulgarian: решение; Catalan: decisió; Chinese Cantonese: 決定; Mandarin: 決定, 决定; Czech: rozhodnutí; Danish: beslutning; Dutch: [[beslissing]], [[besluit]]; Esperanto: decido; Finnish: päätös; French: [[décision]]; Georgian: გადაწყვეტილება; German: [[Entscheidung]], [[Beschluss]]; Greek: [[απόφαση]]; Ancient Greek: [[αἶσα]], [[ἀξίωμα]], [[ἀπόκρισις]], [[ἀπόφασις]], [[βούλευμα]], [[βούλημα]], [[βούλησις]], [[βουλιτία]], [[βραβεία]], [[βράβευμα]], [[γνώμη]], [[γνῶσις]], [[δέκρητον]], [[διαβούλιον]], [[διαγνώμη]], [[διαγνωρισμός]], [[διάγνωσις]], [[διαδικασία]], [[διάκρισις]], [[διάληψις]], [[διάλημψις]], [[διόρισις]], [[δόγμα]], [[δόκημα]], [[δόκησις]], [[ἔγκρισις]], [[ἐκδικία]], [[ἐπίγνωσις]], [[θελημοσύνη]], [[κρίμα]], [[κρῖμα]], [[κρίσις]], [[ὅρος]], [[σύγκρισις]], [[ψήφισμα]], [[ϝαδά]]; Hebrew: הַחְלָטָה; Hindi: निर्णय, फ़ैसला; Hungarian: döntés; Icelandic: ákvörðun; Irish: cinneadh; Italian: [[decisione]]; Japanese: 決定, 決断; Kazakh: шешім; Khmer: សម្រេច, សាលក្រម, ការសម្រេចចិត្ត; Korean: 결정; Kurdish Central Kurdish: بڕیار; Latin: [[consultum]], [[decretum]]; Latvian: lēmums, apņemšanās; Lezgi: къарар; Lithuanian: sprendimas, nutarimas; Macedonian: одлука; Malay: keputusan; Maltese: deċiżjoni; Maori: tatūnga; Middle French: decision; Mizo: thutlûkna; Mongolian: шийдвэр; Ngazidja Comorian: âzma; Norwegian Bokmål: beslutning; Occitan: decision; Oromo: murtii; Papiamentu: desishon; Persian: تصمیم; Polish: decyzja; Portuguese: [[decisão]]; Romanian: decizie, hotărâre; Russian: [[решение]], [[урегулирование]]; Serbo-Croatian Cyrillic: одлука, решење; Roman: odluka, rešenje, rješenje; Slovak: rozhodnutie; Slovene: odločitev; Sorbian Lower Sorbian: rozsud; Spanish: [[decisión]]; Swedish: beslut; Tabasaran: къарар; Ukrainian: рі́шення, вирішення; Vietnamese: quyết định; Zazaki: qerar, hıkum | |||
===[[dogma]]=== | |||
Arabic: عَقِيدَة; Armenian: դոգմա; Belarusian: догма; Bulgarian: догма; Catalan: dogma; Chinese Mandarin: 教條/教条, 定論/定论; Czech: dogma; Danish: dogme; Dutch: [[dogma]], [[geloofspunt]], [[leerstelling]], [[leerstuk]]; Estonian: dogma; Finnish: dogmi; French: [[dogme]]; Galician: dogma; Georgian: დოგმა; German: [[Dogma]]; Greek: [[δόγμα]]; Ancient Greek: [[δόγμα]]; Hebrew: דּוֹגְמָה; Hindi: हठधर्म; Hungarian: dogma; Italian: [[dogma]]; Japanese: 定説, 教条; Korean: 교조(敎條); Latvian: dogma; Lithuanian: dogma; Macedonian: догма; Norman: dogme; Norwegian Bokmål: dogme, læresetning; Nynorsk: dogme, læresetning; Polish: dogmat; Portuguese: [[dogma]]; Romanian: dogmă; Russian: [[догма]], [[догмат]]; Scottish Gaelic: dearbh-bhriathar; Serbo-Croatian Cyrillic: до̏гма; Roman: dȍgma; Slovak: dogma; Slovene: dogma; Spanish: [[dogma]]; Swedish: dogm; Ukrainian: догма; Vietnamese: giáo điều | |||
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