σφίγγω: Difference between revisions

|etymtx=Grammatical information: v.<br />Meaning: [[to bind]], [[to embrace]], [[to jam in]]; non-pres. forms almost only hell. a. late (since Emp., A. Pr. 58)<br />Other forms: Aor. [[σφίγξαι]], [[σφιγχθῆναι]], fut. [[σφίγξω]], perf. midd. [[ἔσφιγμαι]].<br />Compounds: Often w. prefix, e.g. <b class="b3">περι-</b>, <b class="b3">συν-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐπι-</b>.<br />Derivatives: 1. Vbaladj. [[σφιγκτός]] [[bound]] (AP, Opp. a.o.). 2. <b class="b3">σφιγκ-τήρ</b> m. "binder" (AP, Nonn., of collar resp. fetter), des. muscle closing an aperture (medic. a.o.), also = [[χιτών]]. [[Ταραντῖνοι]] H. (as closely fitting); Lat. LW [loanword] [[spinter]] n. [[bracelet]] (Leumann Spr. 1, 205 = Kl. Schr. 172); <b class="b3">-τωρ</b> of reins (AP); <b class="b3">-της</b> = [[κίναιδος]] (Cratin., H.), Lat. LW [loanword] [[spintria]] m. <b class="b2">id.</b> 3. [[σφίγξις]] (<b class="b3">ἀπό-</b>, <b class="b3">διά-</b>, <b class="b3">περί-</b>), also <b class="b3">ἀπό-σφιξις</b> f. [[the binding]] (medic. a.o.). 4. [[σφίγμα]] (<b class="b3">ὑπό-</b>) n. [[obstruction]] (Hero, medic.). -- On itself stands, apparently as backformation ("rootnoun") [[Σφίγξ]], <b class="b3">-ιγγός</b> f. [[sphinx]] (Hdt., A., E. etc.), also name of an ape (Agatharch. a.o.). Compp. <b class="b3">ἀνδρό-σφιγξ</b> m. [[male sphinx]] (Hdt.), <b class="b3">σφιγγό-πους</b> [[with sphinx-feet]] (hell.). From it <b class="b3">σφιγγ-ίον</b> n. [[kind of ape]] (Plin., inscr. Praeneste), meaning unclear (Luc. Apol. 1); <b class="b3">-ίδιον</b> n. [[little sphinx]] (inscr.). Besides acc. [[Φῖκα]] ([[variae lectiones|vv.ll.]] [[Σφῖκα]], [[Φίγγα]], [[Σφίγγα]]) f. (Hes. Th. 326), [[Σφίξ]], <b class="b3">-ικός</b> (Choerob.; also Thess. inscr. VIIa?); <b class="b3">Βῖκας Σφίγγας</b> H.<br />Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]<br />Etymology: As basis of all forms served the pres. [[σφίγγω]]; the nasalless forms [[ἔσφιγμαι]], [[σφίγμα]], [[ἀπόσφιξις]] are secondary. -- Isolated. To be rejected Persson Beitr. 1, 399 (with reservation; referee in Bq, WP. 2, 658, Pok. 984). The judgement of [[Σφίγξ]] is difficult. The by-forms [[Φῖκα]], [[Σφῖκα]] as well as [[φιγγα]] = [[σφίγγα]] in Pl. Kra. 414 d may be due to folketymological adaptations; cf. also the <b class="b3">Φίκιον ὄρος</b> north of Thebes (on it v. Wilamowitz Glaube l. 269). -- The variations show a Pre-Greek word. On the possibility of an Egyptian loan Mac Creedy, Glotta 46, 1968, 250.