ἱερός: Difference between revisions

|Definition=(v. sub fin.), ά, όν, also ός, όν in the phrase<br><span class="bld">A</span> ἱερὸς [[ἀκτή]] Hes. Op.597, 805, Orac. ap. Hdt.8.77: Ion. and poet. [[ἱρός]], ή, όν (v. sub fin.): Dor. and N. Greek [[ἱαρός]] IG22.1126.20, etc.: Aeol. [[ἶρος]] Sapph.Supp.23.25, Alc.Supp.8.4, but [[ἴαρος]] (corr. from [[ἴερος]]) Sapph. Supp.20a.6: Sup. [[ἱερώτατος]] Ar.Eq.582 (lyr.), Pl.Lg.755e.<br><span class="bld">I</span> [[fill]]ed with or [[manifest]]ing [[divine]] [[power]], [[supernatural]], ἱ. ἲς Τηλεμάχοιο Od.2.409, al.; ἱ. [[μένος]] Ἀλκινόοιο 8.421, etc.; [[ἄλφιτον]], [[ἀλωαί]], Il.11.631, 5.499; Δημήτερος ἱερὸς ἀκτή Hes.Op.Il.c.; of natural objects or phenomena, rivers, Od.10.351, Il.11.726, E.Med.410 (lyr.); [[λιβάς]], of the [[Spercheus]], S.Ph.1215 (lyr.); ἱεραὶ βῆσσαι [[Κίρκη]]ς '[[faery]]', Od.10.275; ἱερὸν [[ἦμαρ]], [[κνέφας]], Il.8.66, 11.194; φάος Hes.Op. 339; ἱερὸς [[δίφρος]] = (where δ. perhaps= [[ἵπποι]]) Il.17.464; after Hom., ἱερὸν [[χεῦμα]] θαλάσσης A.Fr.192 (anap.); ἱερὸν [[κῦμα]] E.Hipp.1206, cf. Cyc. 265; [[ὄμβρος]] S.OT1428; δρόσοι E.Ion117 (lyr.); [[ὕπνος]], of [[death]], Call.Epigr.11; [[ἔστι μὲν οὐδὲν ἱερόν]] = no [[great]] [[matter]], Theoc.5.22.<br><span class="bld">II</span> of divine things, [[holy]], ἱεροῖς ἐν δώμασι Κίρκης Od.10.426; ἱερὸν γένος ἀθανάτων Hes.Th.21; [[λέχος]], of [[Zeus]], ib.57; [[δόσις]] the gift [[of God]], ib. 93; ἱερὸς [[πόλεμος]] = [[holy]] [[war]], '[[crusade]]', Ar.Av.556, etc.<br><span class="bld">2</span> of earthly things, [[hallowed]], [[consecrated]], βωμοί Il.2.305; ἱερὸς [[δόμος]], of the [[temple]] of [[Athena]], 6.89; ἱερὰ ἑκατόμβη 1.99,431, etc.; [[ἐλαίη]] Od.13.372; χοαί S.OC469, etc.; [[ἱρὰ γράμματα]] [[hieroglyphics]], Hdt.2.36; but [[ἱερὰ γράμματα]] of the [[holy|Holy]] [[scripture|Scriptures]], 2 Ep.Tim.3.15; ἱ. βύβλοι OGI56.70 (Canopus, iii B.C.); ἱερὸν [[ἄγαλμα]], [[τρίπους]], S.OT1379, E.Ion512, etc.; χρήματα Pl.R.568d, etc.; ἱ. τὸ σῶμα τῷ θεῷ δίδωμ' ἔχειν E.Ion 1285; ἱ. [[σώμα]]τα, of [[ἱερόδουλος|ἱερόδουλοι]], Str.6.2.6; χῆνες Plu.2.325c; of animals regarded as 'taboo', [κριοί] εἰσί σφι ἱ. διὰ τοῦτο Hdt.2.42; so perhaps ἱερὸς [[ἰχθύς]] Il.16.407; of the Roman Tribunes,= Lat. [[sacrosanctus]], ἱερὸς καὶ [[ἄσυλος]] Plu.TG15, etc.; of [[Augustus]], Mon.Anc.Gr. 5.17; ἱερὸς [[νόμος]] = [[law]] of [[sacrifice]], D.21.35, cf. SIG685.81 (ii B.C.); ἱερὸς [[λόγος]] = [[legend]], Hdt.2.81, etc.; οἱ παλαιοὶ καὶ ἱ. λόγοι Pl.Ep.335a; ἱερὸς [[γάμος]] = [[mystical]] [[marriage]], a [[religious]] [[ceremony]], Men.320, Phot. s.v.; opp. [[βέβηλος]], as [[sacred]] to [[profane]], D.H.7.8, AB223; but more freq. ἱ. καὶ ὅσιος Th.2.52, X.Vect.5.4, etc.; cf. [[ὅσιος]].<br><span class="bld">3</span> [[under divine protection]], freq. of places, Ἴλιος Il.5.648, Alc.Supp.8.4; Πύλος Od. 21.108; Θήβη Sapph.Supp.20a.6; Τροίης ἱερὸν [[πτολίεθρον]], Τροίης ἱερὰ κρήδεμνα, Od.1.2, Il.16.100; Ἀθῆναι Od.11.323, cf. Pi.Fr.75, S. Aj.1221 (lyr.), Ps.-Orac. ap. Ar.Eq.1037; Σούνιον ἱρόν Od.3.278; ἱερὸς [[κύκλος]] = the [[judge]]'s [[seat]] under the [[protection]] of [[Zeus]], Il.18.504: with [[genitive]] of the [[divinity]], [[ἄλσος ἱρὸν Ἀθηναίης]], [[ἄντρον]] ἱρὸν νυμφάων, Od.6.322, 13.104, cf. Hdt.1.80,2.41, Ar.Pl.937, X.An.5.3.13, etc.; [[γῆ]] καὶ [[ἑστία]] ἱερὰ πᾶσι πάντων θεῶν Pl.Lg.955e; [[χωρίον ὡς ἱερώτατον]] ib.755e, cf. Ti.45a; with [[genitive]] of a [[human]] [[being]], Γναθίου . . ἱ. εἰμι IG12.920.<br><span class="bld">b</span> of persons, φυλάκων ἱ. τέλος Il.10.56; ἱ. πυλαωροί 24.681; στρατός Od.24.81; βασιλέες Pi.P.5.97; ἱ. [[εὐσεβής]] [[τε]], of [[Oedipus]], S.OC287; [[ἅνθρωπος]] ἱερός = [[initiated]], Ar.Ra.652; c. gen. of a [[divinity]], [[devoted]], [[dedicated]], E.Alc.75, Pl.Phd.85b.<br><span class="bld">c</span> under the Roman Empire,= [[sacer]], [[imperial]], ἐκ τῶν ἱερῶν τοῦ Καίσαρος γραμμάτων IGRom.4.571 (Aezani, ii A.D.); ὁ [[ἱερώτατος]] [[φίσκος]], τὸ [[ἱερώτατον]] [[ταμιεῖον]], ib.3.727 (Lycia), SIG888.10 (Scaptopara, iii A.D.), etc.; τὸ [[ἱερώτατον]] [[βῆμα]] (of the [[praefectus Aegypti]]), PHamb.4.8 (i A.D.): generally, [[worshipful]], ἱ. [[σύνοδος]] OGI713.9 (Egypt, iii A.D.), etc.<br><span class="bld">III</span> as [[substantive]],<br><span class="bld">1</span> ἱερά, Ion. ἱρά, τά, [[offering]]s, [[victim]]s, ἱερὰ ῥέξας Il.1.147, etc.; ἔρδειν Hes.Op.336; διδόναι Od.16.184; ἀλλ' ὅ γε δέκτο μὲν ἱρά Il.2.420, cf. 23.207: less freq. in sg., ὄφρ' ἱρὸν ἑτοιμασσαίατ' Ἀθήνῃ 10.571; θῦσαι ἱρά Hdt.1.59, 8.54, etc.; θυσίας καὶ ἱρὰ ποιέειν Id.2.63; αἴθειν S. Ph.1033; ἱ. πατρῷα A.Th.1015; ἱ. ἐπιχώρια Democr.259.<br><span class="bld">b</span> after Hom., [[omen]]s [[afford]]ed by [[sacrifice]], τὰ ἱρὰ οὐ προεχώρεε χρηστά Hdt. 5.44; τὰ ἱερὰ καλὰ [ἦν] X.An.1.8.15; simply οὐκ ἐγίγνετο τὰ ἱ. ib. 2.2.3.<br><span class="bld">c</span> generally, [[sacred]] [[object]]s or [[rite]]s, Hdt.1.172,4.33; τῶν ὑμετέρων ἱ. καὶ κοινῶν μετεῖχον D.57.3; of [[cult]]-[[image]]s, IG Rom.3.800 ([[syllium]]).<br><span class="bld">2</span> after Hom., ἱερόν, Ion. [[ἱρόν]], τό, [[holy]] [[place]], Hdt.5.119,al.; opp. [[νηός]], Id.2.170, cf. Th.4.90,5.18; freq. of a [[temple]], ἔστι δὲ ἐν τῷ τεμένεϊ . . ἱρόν κτλ. Hdt.2.112; of the [[Jewish]] [[temple]], [[LXX]] 1 Ch.29.4, Plb.16.39.4, Str.16.2.34, Ev.Matt.24.1.<br><span class="bld">3</span> [[ἱερὸν τῆς δίκης]] a [[sacred]] [[principle]] of [[right]], E.Hel.1002.<br><span class="bld">4</span> ἱερός, ὁ (sc. [[μήν]]), name of [[month]] at [[Delos]], IG12.377.22, 11(2).203A31 (iii B.C.).<br><span class="bld">5</span> [[ἱεροί]], οἱ, [[member]]s of a [[religious]] [[college]] or [[guild]], ib.5(1).1390.1, al. (Andania, i B.C.), prob. in SIG1010.7 ([[Chalcedon]]), etc.; also of women, ἱεραί, αἱ, IG5(1). [[l.c.]], cf. 1511 (Sparta).<br><span class="bld">b</span> = [[ἱερόδουλος]], ib. 1356 (Messenia, V B.C.), Inscr.Perg.572, GDI5702.39 (Samos).<br><span class="bld">IV</span> special phrases, post-Hom.,<br><span class="bld">1</span> [[proverb|prov.]], [[ἱερὰ ἄγκυρα]] = [[one's last hope]], Plu. 2.815d, Luc.JTr.51, Fug.13, Poll.1.93, Gal.11.182.<br><span class="bld">2</span> ἱερὸς [[βόλος]], name of a throw at [[dice]], Eub.57.1.<br><span class="bld">3</span> [[ἱερὰ βοτάνη]], v. [[βοτάνη]].<br><span class="bld">4</span> ἱ. (sc. [[γραμμή]]) (cf. [[γραμμή]] 111.1), [[last line]] of draught-board, κινήσαις τὸν ἀπ' ἴρας . . λίθον Alc.82, cf. Epich.225, Sophr.127; [[τὴν ἀφ' ἱερᾶς]] ([[varia lectio|v.l.]] τὴν ἱεράν) Plu.Cor.32.<br><span class="bld">5</span> ἱερὸς [[ἰχθύς]] = [[ἀνθίας]], Arist.HA 620b35, cf. Ath.7.282e, Plu.2.981d.<br><span class="bld">6</span> ἱερὸς [[λόχος]], v. [[λόχος]].<br><span class="bld">7</span> [[ἱερά]] (sc. [[νίκη]]), ἡ, [[drawn contest]], [[dead heat]] (because the prize was assigned to the god), SIG1073.48 (Olymp.); [[ποιῆσαι]] ἱεράν, of the [[competitor]], Wood [[Ephesus]], [[App]].vi p.70; so ἱ. ἀθλήματα Inscr.Olymp.56; ἱερὸς ὁ [[στέφανος]] ἐκρίθη IG9(2).525 (Larissa); τὸ [[παγκράτιον]] ἱερὸν ἐγένετο ib.527 (ibid.); [[ἱερός]] (sc. [[ἀγών]]) ib.7.2727.19, 24 (Acraeph.): metaph., ἱερὸν [[ποιῆσαι]] τὸν στέφανον '[[divide]] the [[honour]]s', Plb.1.58.5, 29.8.9.<br><span class="bld">8</span> ἱερὰ [[νόσος]] = [[epilepsy]], Hdt.3.33, Hp.Morb. Sacr.tit., Thphr.HP9.11.3, etc., cf. Call.Aet.3.1.14: metaph., τὴν οἴησιν ἱ. νόσον ἔλεγε Heraclit.46 ( = Epicur.Fr.224).<br><span class="bld">9</span> ἡ ἱερὰ [[ὁδός]] = the [[sacred]] [[road]] to [[Delphi]], Hdt.6.34; also, from Athens to Eleusis, Cratin. 61, Paus.1.36.3, Harp. s.v.; and that from Elis to Olympia, Paus. 5.25.7.<br><span class="bld">10</span> ἱερὸν [[ὀστέον]] = [[os sacrum]], the last bone of the [[spine]], Hp. Art.45, Plu.2.981d, Gal.UP5.8, etc.<br><span class="bld">11</span> ἱερὰ [[συμβουλή]] = [[sacred duty of an adviser]], Pl.Ep.321c, X.An.5.6.4, cf. Pl.Thg.122b, Luc.Rh.Pr. 1.<br><span class="bld">12</span> ἱερὰ [[σῦριγξ]] = [[spinal canal]], Poll.2.180.<br><span class="bld">13</span> ἱερὰ [[τριήρης]], of the [[Delian]] [[ship]], or one of the [[state]]-[[ship]]s (Salaminia or Paralos), D.4.34.<br><span class="bld">14</span> freq. in [[geographical]] names, e.g. ἱερὰ [[ἄκρα]], in [[Lycia]], Str. 14.3.8; ἱερὸν [[ἀκρωτήριον]], in [[Spain]], [[Cape St. Vincent]], Id.2.4.3; ἱερὰ [[κώμη]], in [[Lydia]], Plb.16.1.8; ἱερὰ [[νῆσος]], one of the Liparean group, Th.3.88; one of the [[insulae Aegates]], Plb.1.60.3.<br><span class="bld">V</span> Adv. [[ἱερῶς]] = [[holily]], [[ἀποθανεῖν]] [[varia lectio|v.l.]] in Plu.Lyc.27. [ῐ by nature, but sometimes ῑ in Ep., especially in endings of [[hexameter]]s, ἱερὸς [[ἰχθύς]], ἱ. [[ἦμαρ]], ἱερὰ [[ῥέξας]], ἀλφίτου ἱεροῦ ἀκτή, Il.16.407, 8.66, 1.147, 11.631; ῑερόν in the first foot of a hex., Theoc.5.22; also in compds. [[ἱεραγωγός]], [[ἱεροθαλλής]], [[ἱερόφωνος]]: ῑ always in contr. form [[ἱρός]] wh. is used in Ep., Hdt., and some Ion. inscrr., as IG12(8).265.9 (Thasos), cf. Semon.7.56, Herod.4.79, al., but is rarely found in codd. of Hp. (never in Heraclit. or Democr.); also in Trag., A.Th.268, etc., but never required by metre in lyr. of Com.]

|sltr=<b>ῐερός</b> (-όν, -οί, -ῶν, -οῖς; -ᾶς, -ᾷ, -άν, -αῖς, -αῖσι（ν); -ῷ, -όν, -ῶν, -οῖς: superl. -ώτατον nom., voc., acc.: ἱερ- [[thrice]].) <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>1</b> of persons, [[venerated]] [[holy]] [[ἄτερθε]] δὲ πρὸ δωμάτων ἕτεροι λαχόντες Ἀίδαν βασιλέες ἱεροὶ [[ἐντί]] the [[dead]] kings of [[Cyrene]] (P. 5.97) νόσοι δ' [[οὔτε]] [[γῆρας]] [[οὐλόμενον]] κέκραται ἱερᾷ γενεᾷ the Hyperboreans (P. 10.42) Θέμιν ἱερὰν Πυθῶνά τε (θέμιν flagitavit Wil.) (P. 11.9) Σπαρτῶν ἱερὸν [[γένος]] [[ἀνδρῶν]] ὑμνήσομεν; fr. 29. 2. εὐάρματε [[χρυσοχίτων]] ἱερώτατον [[ἄγαλμα]] Θήβα fr. 195.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>2</b> of things,<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>a</b> of places, as [[being]] of [[religious]] [[interest]]. ἱερὸν [[ἔσχον]] [[οἴκημα]] Akragas (O. 2.9) ἱερὰν νᾶσον [[Thera]] (P. 4.6) “[[Ταίναρον]] [[εἰς]] ἱερὰν” (P. 4.44) ἐκ [[τᾶς]] ἱερᾶς Σικυῶνος (N. 9.53) [τανδιεραν = ?ταν διεραν, fr. 33a.] ἐν ταῖς ἱεραῖς Ἀθάναις fr. 75. 4. [[ὑπὲρ]] πόντιον Ἕλλας πόρον [[ἱερόν]] ([[ἱρόν]] Snell.) fr. 189.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>b</b> of festivals, sanctuaries, as honouring or belonging to the gods. ἐξ ἱερῶν ἀέθλων (O. 8.64) ἱεροῖς ἐν ἀέθλοις (O. 13.15) ἱερῶν ἀγώνων (Er. Schmid e Σ: ἱερᾶν codd.) (N. 2.4) ἀγώνων [[ἄπο]], τοὺς ἐνέποισιν ἱερούς (N. 6.59) ἔκρυψαν τὸ πάντων ἔργων ἱερώτ[ατον the [[third]] [[temple]] of [[Apollo]] at [[Delphi]] Πα. . . Τυν]δαριδᾶν ἱερῷ [τεμέ]νει (Pae. 18.1) <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>c</b> ἔλαφον, ἅν ποτε Ταυγέτα ἀντιθεῖσ Ὀρθωσίᾳ ἔγραψεν ἱεράν [[consecrated]] (O. 3.30) [[Ἰάσων]] δραπὼν ἱερὸν εὐζοίας [[ἄωτον]] (P. 4.131) κλάροισι θεοπροπέων ἱεροῖς (P. 4.190) “κρυπταὶ κλαίδες ἐντὶ σοφᾶς Πειθοῦς ἱερᾶν φιλοτάτων, Φοῖβε” [[divine]] [[love]]-affairs (P. 9.39) ἀλλ ἐγὼ [[τᾶς]] [[ἕκατι]] κηρὸς ὣς δαχθεὶς ἕλᾳ ἱερᾶν μελισσᾶν τάκομαι (ἕλᾳ ἱρᾶν Bergk: ἐλεηρὰν codd., “un être vivant, qui présente un [[aspect]] mysterieux” [[van]] Groningen: v. [[μέλισσα]]) fr. 123. 11. ταῖς ἱεραῖσι μελίσσαις τέρπεται (Boeckh: ἱεραῖς codd.: i. e. priestesses of [[Demeter]]: v. [[μέλισσα]]) fr. 158. κεκρότηται χρυσέα κρηπὶς ἱεραῖσιν ἀοιδαῖς fr. 194. 1.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>d</b> dub. &amp; frag. [νότιον] [[θέρος]] ὕδατι ζακότῳ [[ἱερόν]] (codd. Dion. Hal. contra metr.: [[ῥέον]] Schr.) Πα. . 1.] ]ν [[σθένος]] ἱεράν[ (Pae. 3.93) ]οις τερφθὲν ἱαροῖς[ (cf. [[σκιαρός]]) ?fr. 338. 6.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>3</b> n. pl. pro subs., [[sacrifice]] τεῦξαν δ' ἀπύροις ἱεροῖς [[ἄλσος]] ἐν ἀκροπόλει (O. 7.48) ζαθέων ἱερῶν ἐπώνυμε πάτερ (sc. [[Ἱέρων]]) fr. 105. 2.

|mdlsjtxt=[[ἱερός]], ή, όν<br /><b class="num">I.</b> [[super]]-[[human]], [[mighty]], [[divine]], [[wonderful]], Hom.; often like [[θεσπέσιος]], to [[express]] [[wonder]] or [[admiration]], ἱερὸν [[τέλος]], ἱερὸς [[στρατός]] a [[glorious]] [[band]], Hom.; ἱερὸς [[δίφρος]] a [[splendid]] [[chariot]], Il.; οὐχ [[ἱερόν]] no [[mighty]] [[matter]]! Theocr.<br /><b class="num">II.</b> [[holy]], [[hallowed]], Lat. [[sacer]], Hom., etc.; ἱερὸς [[πόλεμος]] a [[holy]] war, Ar., etc.: ἱρὰ γράμματα, = ἱερογλυφικά, Hdt.; ἱερὸν τὸ [[σῶμα]] διδόναι, of one dedicated to a god, Eur.; ἱερὸς [[νόμος]] the law of [[sacrifice]], Dem.; of the Roman Tribunes, to [[express]] [[sacrosanctus]], Plut.; for ἱερὰ καὶ ὅσια, v. [[ὅσιος]].<br /><b class="num">2.</b> of kings, heroes, etc., from a [[notion]] of "the [[divinity]] that doth [[hedge]] a [[king]],"Pind., Soph.<br /><b class="num">III.</b> as [[substantive]],<br /><b class="num">1.</b> [[ἱερά]], ionic ἱρά, τά, offerings, sacrifices, victims, ἱερὰ ῥέζειν, Lat. [[sacra]] facere, operari, Il.; ἔρδειν Hes.; [[θῦσαι]] Hdt.:—[[after]] Hom. the inwards of the [[victim]], the [[auspices]], τὰ ἱερὰ καλὰ ἦν Xen.; or, [[simply]], τὰ ἱερὰ γίγνεται Xen.:—[[generally]], [[sacred]] things or rites, Lat. [[sacra]], Hdt.<br /><b class="num">2.</b> [[ἱερόν]], ionic [[ἱρόν]], τό, a [[temple]], [[holy]] [[place]], Hdt., [[Attic]]<br /><b class="num">3.</b> ἱρὸν τῆς δίκης a [[sacred]] [[principle]] of [[right]], Eur.<br /><b class="num">IV.</b> [[special]] phrases:<br /><b class="num">1.</b> ἱερὸς [[λόχος]], v. [[λόχος]] 1. 4.<br /><b class="num">2.</b> ἱερὰ [[νόσος]] the [[awful]] [[disease]], epilepsy, Hdt.<br /><b class="num">3.</b> ἡ ἱ. [[ὁδός]] the [[sacred]] [[road]] to [[Delphi]], Hdt.<br /><b class="num">4.</b> ἡ [[ἱερά]] (sc. τριήρησ), of the Delian [[ship]], or one of the [[state]]-ships ([[Salaminia]] or Paralos), Dem.<br /><b class="num">5.</b> Ἱερὰ [[νῆσος]], one of the Liparean [[group]], Thuc.<br /><b class="num">V.</b> adv. -ρῶς, holily, Plut.