καίω: Difference between revisions

|etymtx=Grammatical information: v.<br />Meaning: [[kindle]], midd. pass. [[burn]] (Il.).<br />Other forms: Att. [[κάω]], aor. [[καῦσαι]], ep. (also Att. inscr. IG 12, 374, 96; 261) [[κῆαι]], pass. [[καῆναι]] (ep. ion.), [[καυθῆναι]], fut. [[καύσω]], perf. [[κέκαυκα]], <b class="b3">κέκαυ(σ)μαι</b> (IA.),<br />Dialectal forms: Myc. [[apu-kekaumeno]]; [[pukawo]] /[[purkawos]]/<br />Compounds: often with prefix, e. g. <b class="b3">δια-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐκ-</b>, <b class="b3">κατα-</b>, <b class="b3">ὑπο-</b>,<br />Derivatives: -1. [[καῦμα]] [[fire]], [[heat]], [[glow]] (Il.) with <b class="b3">καυματ-ώδης</b> (Hp., Arist.), <b class="b3">-ηρός</b> (Str.), <b class="b3">-ίας</b> (Thphr.; of the sun) [[burning]], [[glowing]], [[καυματίζω]] [[burn]], [[singe]] (NT, Plu., Arr.). - 2. [[καῦσις]] ([[ἔγκαυσις]] etc.) [[burning]] (IA.) with (<b class="b3">ἐγ-</b>, <b class="b3">κατα-)καύσιμος</b> [[inflamable]] (Pl., X.; cf. Arbenz Die Adj. auf <b class="b3">-ιμος</b> 49f.). - 3. [[καῦσος]] m. <b class="b2">causus, bilious remittent fever etc.</b> (Hp., Arist.), from [[καῦσαι]] or rather with <b class="b3">σο-</b>suffix (Solmsen Wortforsch. 244, Strömberg Wortstudien 87f., Schwyzer 516); from there [[καυσία]] [[Macedonian hat against the sun]], [[καύσων]] <b class="b2">id.</b>, also <b class="b2">heat, hot wind etc.</b> (LXX, NT, medic.; cf. Leumann Sprache 1, 207 n. 13), [[καυσώδης]] [[burning]], [[hot]] (Hp., Thphr.), [[καυσόομαι]], <b class="b3">-όω</b> <b class="b2">have causus, burn: heaten</b> (medic., NT, pap.) with [[καύσωμα]] [[heating]] (Gal.). - 4. <b class="b3">καυ(σ)τήρ</b> m. [[burner]], [[burning iron]] (Pi., Hp.), f. fen. [[καυστειρῆς]] adjunct of [[μάχης]] (Il.), [[καμίνου]] (Nic.), from <b class="b3">*καύστειρα</b> (Schwyzer 474, Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 192; note the switching accent); [[καυτήριον]] [[branding iron]], [[brand]] (LXX, D. S., Str.), dimin. [[καυτηρίδιον]] (Gal.), denomin. verb [[καυτηριάζω]] [[brand]] (Str., NT). - 5. [[καύστης]] m. <b class="b2">heater etc.</b> (pap.). - 6. [[καύστρα]] f. [[place where corpses were burnt]] (Str., inscr.). - 7. [[καυστικός]], rare <b class="b3">καυτ-</b> [[burning]], [[inflamable]] (Arist.). - 8. [[καυθμός]] <b class="b2">scorching (of trees), firewood</b> (Thphr., pap.). - Of the compp., e. g. <b class="b3">ἔγκαυ-μα</b>, <b class="b3">-σις</b>, -(<b class="b3">σ)τής</b>, <b class="b3">-στήριον</b>, <b class="b3">-στον</b> (> Lat. [[encaustum]]; the red purple with which the Roman emperors signed, from where Fr. [[encre]]); <b class="b3">ὑπόκαυ-σις</b>, <b class="b3">-στης</b>, <b class="b3">-στήριον</b>, <b class="b3">-στρα</b> a. u. - Beside these formations there are older ones, of which the connection with [[καίω]] became less clear because of phonetic developments: [[κᾶλον]] [[wood]], [[κηλέος]] [[burning]], [[blazing]], [[κηώδης]], [[κηώεις]] [[smelling]], [[κηυα]] meaning uncertain; [[πυρκαι]]ά, [[πυρκαίη]], adj. <b class="b3">-ιός</b> s. vv.<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European]X [probably] [595] <b class="b2">*keh₂u-</b> [[burn]]<br />Etymology: As [[καίω]] may stand for <b class="b3">*κάϜ-ι̯ω</b> (from where Att. [[κάω]]; Schwyzer 265f.), all forms go back on <b class="b3">καυ-</b>, <b class="b3">καϜ-</b> except <b class="b3">ἔ-κη-α</b> for <b class="b3">*ἔ-κηϜ-α</b> (often written with false <b class="b3">-ει-</b> in [[κείαντο]] etc.; Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 9; Att. [[κέαντος]] with metathesis). In <b class="b3">*ἔ-κηϜ-α</b> an old fullgrade root aorist is maintained (Schwyzer 745; prob. not from <b class="b3">*ἔ-κηυ-σ-α</b>); the full grade also in ep. [[κηλέος]], [[κηώδης]], and in Delph. [[κηυα]], which shows a PGr. <b class="b3">κηϜ-</b> beside <b class="b3">καϜ-</b>. - Only Baltic gives a possible connection in Lith. <b class="b2">kū̃lės</b> [[Brandpilze]], [[Flugbrand]], [[Staubbrand des Getreides]], <b class="b2">kūlé̇ti</b> [[brandig werden]], Latv. <b class="b2">kũla</b> [[old]], [[dry]], [[grass of last year]] (cf. Fraenkel Wb. s. v.); IE. zero grade <b class="b2">kū-</b> (< <b class="b2">*kuH-</b>) beside fullgr. <b class="b2">*keh₂us-</b> in <b class="b3">ἔ-κηϜ-α</b>, zero grade <b class="b2">*kh₂u̯-</b> in <b class="b3">*κάϜ-ι̯ω</b>, <b class="b3">καῦ-μα</b>. Of course rather unncertain.