καρπός: Difference between revisions

|etymtx=1.<br />Grammatical information: m.<br />Meaning: [[fruit]], [[fruits of the earth]], [[corn]], [[yields]] (Il.).<br />Dialectal forms: Myc. [[ka-po]]<br />Compounds: several compp., e. g. <b class="b3">καρπο-φόρος</b>, <b class="b3">ἄ-καρπος</b>.<br />Derivatives: Diminut. [[καρπίον]] (Thphr., pap.); adjectives: [[κάρπιμος]] [[giving fruit]] (trag., com., hell.; cf. Arbenz Die Adj. auf <b class="b3">-ιμος</b> 45 a. 47), [[καρπώδης]] [[rich in fruits]] (Rom. empire). Denomin. verbs: 1. [[καρπόομαι]] [[reap fruits]], [[exploit]] (IA.), <b class="b3">-όω</b> [[give]], [[produce fruit]] = <b class="b2">bring (burnt) sacrif.</b> (A., LXX) with [[κάρπωμα]] <b class="b2">fruit, sacrif.</b> and [[κάρπωσις]] [[use]], [[profit]], [[sacrif.]], [[καρπώσιμος]] (Hermipp. Hist.); cf. Bechtel Dial. 1, 449 a. 2, 550. 2. [[καρπίζομαι]] (<b class="b3">-ίζω</b> [[Paros]]; hell. inscr.) [[reap fruits]] (E., hell.), <b class="b3">-ίζω</b> [[fertilize]] (E. in lyr.); [[καρπισμός]] [[yields ]] (Arist., Thphr.). 3. [[καρπεύω]], <b class="b3">-εύομαι</b> [[reap fruits]] (Hyp., hell.) with [[καρπεία]] [[profit]], [[income]], [[καρπεῖον]] <b class="b2">id.</b>, also = [[καρπός]].<br />Origin: Sub. Eur.<br />Etymology: The nearest comparison gives Lat. [[carpō]] <b class="b2">pluck (off)</b>; so [[καρπός]] [[plucking off]], [[what is reaped]]; on the unexpected oxytonesis s. Schwyzer 459. Here also the Germ. word for [[autumn]], e. g. OHG [[herbist]] (IE. <b class="b2">*karpistos</b> prop. "best to pluck", from the month?); also Venet. PN. Carponia, Carpus etc.?; cf. Haas Sprache 2, 235 with uncertain further combinations. As [[α]] in [[καρπός]] (as opposed to the a in [[carpō]] and [[e]] in [[herbist]]) can also represent vocalic <b class="b2">r̥</b>, one also adduces Lith. [[kerpù]] [[cut with a scissors]]. However, Gr. <b class="b2">*r̥</b> would have given <b class="b3">-ρα-</b>. The connexion with [[κρώπιον]] is prob. wrong (s.v.; the word is Pre-Greek). Also Skt. <b class="b2">kr̥paṇa-</b> [[sword]] will be unrelated. The words for [[sickle]] may be related. The French (DELG) posit an "a populaire", which means that the word is a loan, from a Eur. substratum? Cf. Pok 944 <b class="b2">*(s)kerb(h)-</b>. Further s. [[κρώπιον]].<br />2.<br />Grammatical information: m.<br />Meaning: [[root of the hand]] (Il.).<br />Compounds: As 1. member in <b class="b3">καρπό-δεσμον</b>, <b class="b3">-δεσμος</b>, <b class="b3">-δέσμιον</b> [[bracelet]] (pap., Luc.), hypostasis <b class="b3">ὑπο-κάρπιος</b> [[under the hand-root]] (Aristaenet.)<br />Derivatives: [[καρπωτός]] <b class="b2">reaching to the h.</b> (LXX); [[καρπίζομαι]] <b class="b2">be taken at the h.</b>, a. o. as sign of manumission, <b class="b3">ἐπὶ ἐλευθερίᾳ</b> = [[adseror in libertatem]] (gloss.), with [[καρπιστής]] [[emancipator]] (Arr.), [[καρπισμός]], <b class="b3">-ιστία</b> [[vindiciae]] (gloss.).<br />Origin: XX [etym. unknown]<br />Etymology: Schrader and Solmsen (s. on [[καρπάλιμος]]) connect a Germanic verb for <b class="b2">turn etc.</b>, e. g. Goth. [[ƕaírban]], OHG [[hwerban]], [[hwerfan]] [[turn oneself]], [[werben]]. So the basis would be <b class="b3">*κϜαρπός</b> from IE. <b class="b2">*ku̯r̥p-</b>; on the phonetics Schwyzer 302. - Doubtful further connections in Pok. 631. The root has no certain connections outside Germanic. Michler assumes that it is the same word as [[καρπός]] [[fruit]] (Hermes 94 (1966) 314-319 [the article is too difficult for me]; see the remarks in Frisk III s.v.