ἕσπερος: Difference between revisions

|etymtx=Grammatical information: m.<br />Meaning: [[evening]] (Od.), adj. [[of the evening]], [[western]], also substant. [[evening-star]] (Il.); [[ἑσπέρα]], Ion. <b class="b3">-ρη</b> f. [[evening]], [[west]] (Pi., Ion.-Att., like [[ἡμέρα]]).<br />Compounds: As 2. member in [[ἐφέσπερος]] [[western]] (S. OC 1059 [lyr.]), <b class="b3">ἀκρ-έσπερος</b> [[on the edge of evening]], [[at nightfall]] (Arist., Theoc., Hp. etc., <b class="b3">-ιος</b> AP), <b class="b3">ποθ-έσπερα</b> adv. (Theoc.), <b class="b3">προσ-εσπέριος</b> (Arist.)<br />Derivatives: [[ἑσπέριος]] [[of the evening]], [[westerrn]] (Φ 560), subst. [[Ἐσπερία]] [[West]], [[Hesperia]] (Agathyll. ap. D. H. 1, 49), [[Ϝεσπάριοι]] name of the western Locrians (Va), f. [[ἑσπερίς]], especially in plur. as PN [[the Hesperides]] (Hes.); later [[ἑσπερινός]] <b class="b2">id.</b> (X., LXX, Schwyzer 490); [[ἑσπερικός]] <b class="b2">id.</b> (Juba), [[ἑσπερίτης]], <b class="b3">-ῖτις</b> ([[χώρα]]; D. L.; Redard Les noms grecs en <b class="b3">-της</b> 112). - Denomin. verb [[ἑσπερίζω]] [[pass the night]] (Doroth.; NGr. [[σπερίζω]], cf. Kretschmer Glotta 11, 247) with [[ἑσπέρισμα]] (Lex. ap. Ath. 1, 11 d).<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [1173] <b class="b2">*u̯e-kʷsp-er-os</b> <b class="b2">to(wards) the night, evening</b><br />Etymology: Inherited word, identical with Lat. [[vesper]], [[-ī]] [[evening]]; further to Lith. <b class="b2">vãkaras</b>, OCS [[večerъ]] [[evening]], which go back to <b class="b2">*u̯ekeros</b>, and in Celtic, e. g. Welsh [[ucher]], and Arm. [[gišer]]. See e.g. W.-Hofmann [[s]]. [[vesper]]. - This difficult puzzle has recently been solved. Armenian had <b class="b2">*e</b> which became [[ei]] > [[i]] before [[š]], <b class="b2">ž</b>. The [[š]] can go back to <b class="b2">-k(ʷ)s-</b> (cf. <b class="b2">vec`</b> < <b class="b2">*u̯eks</b> beside [[veš-tasan]]); s. Beekes, FS Rasmussen 2004, 59-62. Combined with the [[-k-]] and [[-sp-]] reconstructed for the other languages (above), this gives a group <b class="b2">-k(ʷ)sp-</b>. This group has been identified with Skt. <b class="b2">kṣap-</b> [[night]], of which the zero grade has been found in Hitt. [[i-spant-]] [[night]]. Welsh [[ucher]] can continue <b class="b2">*u̯e</b> followed by <b class="b2">ks(p)</b> or [[sp]]. The first element is probably cognate with Lat. [[ue-]] as in [[ue-sanus]]. The meaning will have been <b class="b2">(what stretches) to(wards) the night</b>. For the [[-er-]] cf. words connected with time like Gr. [[νυκτερός]].