πύκα: Difference between revisions

|etymtx=Grammatical information: Adv.<br />Meaning: [[dense]], [[solid]], metaph. [[careful]], [[sensible]] (Hom.).<br />Derivatives: Beside it [[πυκάζω]], Dor. <b class="b3">-άσδω</b> (Theoc.), aor. <b class="b3">πυκά-σ(σ)αι</b>, pass. <b class="b3">-σθῆναι</b>, perf. midd. [[πεπύκασμαι]], quite rarely with <b class="b3">περι-</b> a.o., [[to tighten]], [[to enclose tightly]], [[to encase compactly]], [[to cover]] (ep. poet., late prose) with [[πύκασμα]] n. [[encased]], [[covered object]] (Sm.). Adj. [[πυκνός]], ep. lyr. also [[πυκινός]], [[dense]], [[solid]], [[compacted]], [[numerous]], [[strong]], [[brave]], [[clever]] (Il.), often as 1. member, e.g. <b class="b3">πυκνό-σαρκος</b> [[with solid flesh]] (Hp., Arist.). From it <b class="b3">πυκν-ότης</b> f. <b class="b2">density, closeness etc.</b> (IA.), <b class="b3">-άκις</b> = [[πολλάκις]] (Arist.), <b class="b3">-όω</b> <b class="b2">to make dense, to tighten etc.</b> (IA.) with <b class="b3">-ωμα</b>, <b class="b3">-ωσις</b>, <b class="b3">-ωτικός</b>; <b class="b3">-άζω</b> to [[be numerous]] (EM, Gloss.). As 1. member <b class="b3">πυκι-</b> in <b class="b3">πυκι-μηδής</b> (<b class="b3">-μήδης</b>) = <b class="b3">μήδεα πυκνά</b> (Γ 202, 208) [[ἔχων]], [[with close mind]], [[considerate]], [[sensible]] (α 438, h. Cer., Q. S.; Bechtel Lex. s.v.). -- On [[ἄμπυξ]] s. v.<br />Origin: XX [etym. unknown]<br />Etymology: The forms [[πύκα]]: [[πυκνός]]: <b class="b3">πυκι-μηδής</b> [[form a system]]; with [[πύκα]]: [[πυκνός]] cf. esp. the in meaning close [[θαμά]]: [[θάμνος]] (s. vv.). To this [[πυκινός]] (after <b class="b3">πυκι-μηδής</b>?) like (he analog. built?) [[θαμινός]], [[ἁδινός]] a.o. (Schwyzer 490). To be rejected Szemerényi Syncope in Greek and I.-Eur. 82 ff., 87 ff. (also on the etymology): [[πυκνός]], [[θάμνος]] from [[πυκινός]], <b class="b3">*θάμυνος</b> syncopated. The further analysis is hypothetic. The pair of words that certainly belong together <b class="b3">ἄμ-πυξ</b>: Av. <b class="b2">pus-ā</b> [[diadem]] [but see my doubts s.v.], which agrees with <b class="b3">πρόσ-φυξ</b>: <b class="b3">φυγ-η</b>, points to a primary verb IE <b class="b2">*puḱ-</b> <b class="b2">fasten etc.</b> (WP. 2, 82, Pok. 849), which in Greek was replaced by [[πυκάζω]]. As denominative of [[πύκα]] without doubt explainable (Schwyzer 734), [[πυκάζω]] because of the very limited use of [[πύκα]] can as well be understood as a formal enlargement of the older primary present. -- Against adducing Alb. [[puth]] [[I kiss]], [[puthtohem]] [[clothe myself narrow]], [[string myself]], [[embrace]] (since G. Meyer Alb. Wb. 356) Szemerényi [[l.c.]] Toch. A [[puk]] [[all]], [[complete]], [[every]] remains far already because the B-form [[po]]; cf. v. Windekens Lex. étym. [[sub verbo|s.v.]] -- The evidence for IE <b class="b2">*puḱ-</b> (Pok. 849) is very meagre; Furnée 317 assumes that [[πυκνός]] etc. is Pre-Greek, but on quite meagre evidence.