μύλη: Difference between revisions

|etymtx=Grammatical information: f.<br />Meaning: <b class="b2">handmill, mill,</b> (Od.), <b class="b2">(the nether) millstone</b>, metaph. [[molar]] (LXX), [[knee-cap]], [[hard formation in a woman's womb]] (Hp., Arist.).<br />Other forms: hell. a. late also [[μύλος]] m. (LXX, NT, Str.; cf. Fraenkel Nom. ag. 2,58)<br />Compounds: Compp., e.g. <b class="b3">μυλο-ειδής</b> [[as a millstone]] (H 270), <b class="b3">μυλή-φατος</b> [[ground by a mill]] (β 355, A. R., Lyc.; after <b class="b3">ἀρηΐ-φατος</b> a.o.; diff. Chantraine Sprache 1, 145); <b class="b3">χειρο-μύλη</b> [[handmill]] (X.), also <b class="b3">-μυλος</b> (Edict. Diocl.), <b class="b3">-μυλον</b> (Cass. Fel.; cf. on [[βούτυρον]]); dimin. <b class="b3">-μύλιον</b> (Dsc., pap.).<br />Derivatives: A. Subst. 1. [[μύλαξ]], <b class="b3">-ακος</b> m. [[millstone]], [[big rounded stone]] (M161, AP, Opp.), cf. [[λίθαξ]] a.o. (Chantraine Form. 379). 2. From this with <b class="b3">ρ-</b>suffix [[μύλακρος]] m. [[millstone]] (Alcm.), pl. = <b class="b3">γομφίοι ὀδόντες</b> (H.); f. <b class="b3">-ακρίς</b>, <b class="b3">-ίδος</b> as attr. of [[λᾶας]] [[millstone]] (Alex. Aet.), as subst. [[cockroach]], also (influenced by [[ἀκρίς]]) [[locust]] (Ar. Fr. 583, Poll.); also <b class="b3">-αβρίς</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (Pl. Com., Poll.; prob. after [[ἁβρός]], [[ἅβρα]]), <b class="b3">-ηθρίς</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (Poll.). 3. [[μυλών]], <b class="b3">-ῶνος</b> m. [[millhouse]], [[mill]] (Att.) with <b class="b3">-ωνικός</b> [[miller]] (pap.), <b class="b3">-ώνιον</b> dimin. (gloss.). 4. [[μυλωθρός]] m. [[miller]] (Att., Arist.); on the formation which is not quite clear cf. Chantraine Form. 373; from this <b class="b3">-ωθρίς</b> f. [[milleress]] name of a comedy of Eubulos; <b class="b3">-ωθρικός</b> [[belonging to a miller]] (Plu.), <b class="b3">-ωθρέω</b> [[grind]] (Men.); backformation <b class="b3">-ωθρον</b> = [[μυλών]] (Phot.)?; also <b class="b3">-ωθριαῖοι</b> adjunct of <b class="b3">καλυπ-τῆρες</b> (= [[roof-tiles]]?; Delos IIa, reading uncertain); beside it [[μυλωρός]] [[miller]] (Aesop., Poll.), after [[πυλωρός]] a.o. 5. [[μυλάριον]] dimin. [[small handmill]] (pap.). 6. [[μυλεύς]] m. surn. of Zeus as keeper of mills (Lyc.; Bosshardt 67). 7. [[μυλίας]] m. ([[λίθος]]) [[millstone]], [[stone]], [[from which millstones were made]] (Pl., Arist., Str.; Chantraine Form. 96). 8. [[μυλίτης]] m. ([[λίθος]], [[ὀδούς]]) [[millstone]], [[molar]] (Gal.). 9. <b class="b3">Μυλόεις ποταμὸς Ἀρκαδίας</b> H.; s. Krahe Beitr. z. Namenforsch. 2. 233. -- B. Adj., all rare and late: 1. <b class="b3">μύλ-ιος</b> [[belonging to a mill]] (Procop.); 2. <b class="b3">μυλ-ικός</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (Ev. Luk., Gal.); 3. <b class="b3">-ινος</b> [[consisting of millstones]] (Smyrna); 4. <b class="b3">-αῖος</b> [[working in a mill]] (AP), <b class="b3">-αῖον</b> n. [[handmill]] (pap.); 5. <b class="b3">-ιαῖοι ὀδόντες</b> [[molars]] (medic.); 6. <b class="b3">-όεις</b> [[consisting of a millstone]], [[belonging to a mill]] (Nic., Nonn.); 7. <b class="b3">-ητικη ἔμπλαστρος</b> [[remedy for toothache]] (Gal.). -- C. Verbs, all rare. 1. [[μυλιάω]] only in ptc. [[μυλιόωντες]] [[gnashing with the teeth]] (Hes. Op. 530; on <b class="b3">-ιάω</b> Schwyzer 732); 2. [[μυλόομαι]] [[be hardened]], [[cicatrized]] (Hp.). -- On itself stands [[μύλλω]] = [[βινέω]] (Theoc. 4,58) with <b class="b3">μυλ(λ)άς</b> f. [[whore]] (Phot., Suid.), [[μυλλός]] m. [[cake in the form of the pudenda muliebria]] (Ath. 14, 647 a; Sicilian).<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [716] <b class="b2">*melh₁-</b> [[grind]]<br />Etymology: The primary verbal noun [[μύλη]] (accent as e.g. [[μάχη]]) with the secondarily arising [[μύλος]] (after [[λίθος]] or <b class="b3">ὄνος ἀλέτης</b>?) like the primary yot-present [[μύλλω]] deviate through the <b class="b3">υ-</b>vowel from the other cognate words for [[grind]], which show an [[e]]: [[o-]]vocalism: Celt., OIr. [[melim]], Slav., e.g. OCS [[meljǫ]] (IE <b class="b2">*mel-</b>); Germ., e.g. Goth. [[malan]], Lith. [[malù]], Hitt. 3. sg. [[mallai]] (IE <b class="b2">*mol-</b>); Lat. [[molō]], on itself ambiguous, prob. from <b class="b2">*melō</b> like OIr. [[melim]]. In <b class="b3">μυλ-</b> we must assume a zero- [or reduced] grade variant (<b class="b2">ml̥-</b>; <b class="b2">m_el-</b>?) (Schwyzer 351). With [[μύλλω]] from <b class="b2">*ml̥-i̯ō</b> agree in Germ. OHG [[muljan]], OWNo. [[mylia]] [[crush]]; on the meaning s. below, on the [[υ]] -vowel cf. [[φύλλον]] against Lat. [[folium]]. A weak grade appears also in Welsh [[malu]] [[grind]], as well as in Arm. [[malem]] [[crush]]. An [[u-]]vowel could also be found in the reduplicated Arm. [[ml-ml-em]] [[rub]]; (it could however also be drived from lengthened grade [[mēl-]] or [[mōl]]). The technical meaning [[grind]] might have been specialized from the general [[rub]]. As verbal noun [[μύλη]] has in Greek the character of an archaism, while [[μύλλω]], which was degraded to an obscene meaning, was further replaced by the also old [[ἀλέω]] (s.v. and Porzig Gliederung 156), which was limited to the eastern languages. -- On itself stands [[μάλευρον]] (s.v.); remarkable and/but suspect is the [[e-]]vowel of Myc. [[mereuro]] [[meal]] and [[meretirija]] [[milleresses]]. -- More forms in WP. 2, 284ff., Pok. 716f., W.-Hofmann and Ernout-Meillet s. [[molō]], Fraenkel Wb. s. [[málti]].