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|btext=<i>adv. et prép.</i><br /><b>A.</b> <i>adv.</i> au-dessus : ὑπὲρ μὲν [[ἄγαν]] EUR beaucoup trop;<br /><b>B.</b> <i>prép. avec le gén. et l'acc.</i> au-dessus de, sur;<br />• GÉN. : <b>I.</b> au-dessus de :<br /><b>1</b> [[sur]] <i>sans mouv.</i> : ἕστηκε [[ξύλον]] [[αὖον]] ὑπὲρ αἴης au-dessus du sol, <i>càd</i> émergeant du sol se dresse une tige sèche ; ὑπὲρ γῆς <i>c.</i> ἐπὶ γῆς sur la terre ; Σικελοὶ οἱ ὑπὲρ | |btext=<i>adv. et prép.</i><br /><b>A.</b> <i>adv.</i> au-dessus : ὑπὲρ μὲν [[ἄγαν]] EUR beaucoup trop;<br /><b>B.</b> <i>prép. avec le gén. et l'acc.</i> au-dessus de, sur;<br />• GÉN. : <b>I.</b> au-dessus de :<br /><b>1</b> [[sur]] <i>sans mouv.</i> : ἕστηκε [[ξύλον]] [[αὖον]] ὑπὲρ αἴης au-dessus du sol, <i>càd</i> émergeant du sol se dresse une tige sèche ; ὑπὲρ γῆς <i>c.</i> ἐπὶ γῆς sur la terre ; Σικελοὶ οἱ ὑπὲρ τῶν ἄκρων THC ceux des Sicules qui occupaient les hauteurs ; [[πασάων]] δ’ [[ὕπερ]] [[ἥγε]] [[κάρη]] [[ἔχει]] OD elle dépasse toutes les autres de la tête ; ὑπὲρ πόλιος [[ἦα]] [[κιών]] OD j’étais dans ma marche sur les hauteurs qui dominent la ville ; <i>avec mouv.</i> au-dessus de, par-dessus : [[κῦμα]] νηὸς ὑπὲρ τοιχῶν καταβήσεται IL le flot se précipite par-dessus les parois du vaisseau ; τοξεύειν ὑπὲρ τῶν [[πρόσθεν]] XÉN lancer des flèches par-dessus les rangs de devant;<br /><b>2</b> par-dessus, de l'autre côté, du delà de : [[τηλοῦ]] ὑπὲρ πόντου OD loin au delà de la mer (<i>cf. infra [[ὑπέρ]] avec l'acc.</i>);<br /><b>3</b> <i>en gén.</i> au delà, plus loin (dans l'intérieur d'un pays) : [[Αἰθιοπία]] ἡ ὑπὲρ Αἱγύπτου THC l'Éthiopie au-dessus (ou au delà) de l'Égypte;<br /><b>II.</b> [[pour]] :<br /><b>1</b> pour la défense de (<i>sens qui se rattache au préc., l'idée de défense impliquant celle de combattants qui couvrent de leurs bras ou de leur armure un compagnon d’armes, ou de retranchements une ville assiégée ; cf. une relation d’idées semblable pour</i> [[ἀμφί]], [[περί]], [[πρό]]) : [[τεῖχος]] τειχίσασθαι [[νεῶν]] [[ὕπερ]] IL <i>ou</i> ποιήσασθαι IL établir un retranchement pour protéger le camp, pour le camp ; ἀντιστῆναι ὑπὲρ γῆς SOPH défendre le pays ; μάχεσθαι [[ὑπέρ]] τινος PLAT combattre pour qqn <i>ou</i> qch ; <i>p. anal.</i> λέγειν [[ὑπέρ]] τινος XÉN parler en faveur de qqn, pour qqn (<i>v. ci-dessous II.2 un autre sens</i>) ; θύειν [[ὑπέρ]] τινος XÉN offrir un sacrifice en faveur de qqn;<br /><b>2</b> à la place de, au nom de : λέγειν [[ὑπέρ]] τινος XÉN parler pour qqn, au nom de qqn ; προλέγειν [[ὑπέρ]] τινος XÉN annoncer au nom de qqn ; <i>chez les écriv. réc. c.</i> [[ἀντί]];<br /><b>3</b> à cause de : εὐδαιμονίζειν τινὰ [[ὑπέρ]] [[τι]] XÉN estimer qqn heureux à cause de qch ; φοβεῖσθαι <i>ou</i> δεδιέναι [[ὑπέρ]] τινος SOPH être inquiet, soucieux pour qqn <i>ou</i> qch ; θαρρεῖν [[ὑπέρ]] τινος XÉN être sans inquiétude pour qqn ; ἀγανακτεῖν [[ὑπέρ]] τινος PLAT être hors de soi à cause de qqn ; στένειν [[ὑπέρ]] τινος ESCHL gémir de qch ; [[δίκην]] [[δοῦναι]] [[ὑπέρ]] τινος ATT être puni pour qch ; [[δίκην]] [[λαβεῖν]] [[ὑπέρ]] τινος ATT punir pour qch ; [[νῦν]] ὑπὲρ πάντων [[ἀγών]] ESCHL maintenant il s'agit d'un combat pour le tout ; φιλονεικεῖν [[ὑπέρ]] τινος ISOCR aimer à se quereller pour qch ; ἀμφισβητεῖν [[ὑπέρ]] τινος ISOCR être en dissentiment pour qch;<br /><b>4</b> au sujet de : ὅθ’ ὑπὲρ [[σέθεν]] αἴσχε’ [[ἀκούω]] IL lorsque j’entends des diffamations sur ton compte ; διαλέγεσθαι [[ὑπέρ]] τινος PLAT discourir de qch ; βουλεύεσθαι [[ὑπέρ]] τινος ATT délibérer sur qch;<br /><b>III.</b> au delà de, par-dessus, plus loin que, plus que, mieux que;<br />• ACC. : <b>I.</b> [[au delà de]] <i>avec mouv.</i> : ὑπὲρ ὦμον ἤλυθ’ ἀκωκὴ ἔγχεος IL la pointe de la javeline arriva au-dessus de l'épaule (sans l'atteindre) ; ὑπὲρ οὐδὸν [[ἐβήσετο]] δώματος [[εἴσω]] OD il franchit le seuil et entra dans la maison ; ἀποπλαγχθέντες ὑπὲρ [[μέγα]] [[λαῖτμα]] θαλάσσης OD ballottés au delà du grand gouffre de la mer ; ὑπὲρ πόντον [[ἐλθεῖν]] ESCHL aller au delà de la mer, traverser la mer ; <i>avec idée de temps</i> ὑπὲρ τὸν Τιθωνὸν [[ζῆν]] LUC vivre plus longtemps que Tithônos ; ὁ ὑπὲρ τὰ Μηδικὰ [[πόλεμος]] THC la guerre d’avant les guerres Médiques ; ὑπὲρ τὰ στρατεύσιμα ἔτη γεγονώς XÉN au delà de l'âge où l'on est soumis au service militaire;<br /><b>II.</b> au-dessus de : πρυμνὸν [[ὕπερ]] θέναρος IL au-dessus du poignet ; οὔθ’ ὕπὲρ γῆν οὔθ’ ὑπὸ γῆν PLUT ni sur terre, ni sous terre ; εἴ [[τι]] ὑπὲρ τὴν [[ἑαυτοῦ]] φύσιν ἀκούει THC s'il entend dire qch qui dépasse sa portée, ce qu’il est capable de faire lui-même ; ὑπὲρ δύναμιν THC au-dessus des forces ; ὑπὲρ ἐλπίδα SOPH au delà de l'attente ; ὑπὲρ ἄνθρωπον φρονεῖν XÉN avoir des sentiments qui dépassent la nature humaine, <i>càd</i> trop ambitieux ; ὑπὲρ αἶσαν IL au-dessus <i>ou</i> au delà de ce qui convient ; ὑπὲρ μοῖραν IL au-dessus du sort, <i>càd</i> contre la décision du sort ; ὑπὲρ ὅρκια IL contre le serment ; ὑπὲρ θεόν contre la volonté de la divinité;<br />REM. <b>I.</b> ὑπὲρ <i>se place qqf en poésie après son rég. ; il s'accentue alors</i> [[ὕπερ]];<br /><b>II.</b> <i>En composition</i>, [[ὑπέρ]] <i>marque</i> :<br /><b>1</b> l'idée de « au-dessus », v. [[ὑπεραίρω]], [[ὑπεράνω]];<br /><b>2</b> l'idée de « au delà », v. [[ὑπερβαίνω]], [[ὑπερβάλλω]];<br /><b>3</b> l'idée de « protection » ; v. [[ὑπερμαχέω]], [[ὑπεραπολογέομαι]];<br /><b>4</b> l'idée de « au delà de la mesure », v. [[ὑπεράγαν]], [[ὑπέραισχρος]].<br />'''Étymologie:''' cf. <i>lat.</i> [[super]]. | ||
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|txtha=(cf. English up, [[over]], etc.), Latin super, [[over]], a preposition, [[which]] stands [[before]] [[either]] the genitive or the accusative according as it is used to [[express]] the [[idea]] of [[state]] and [[rest]] or of [[motion]] [[over]] and [[beyond]] a [[place]]. I. [[with]] the genitive; cf. Winer's Grammar, 382 f (358f).<br /><b class="num">1.</b> [[properly]], of [[place]], i. e. of [[position]], [[situation]], [[extension]]: [[over]], [[above]], [[beyond]], [[across]]. In [[this]] [[sense]] it does [[not]] [[occur]] in the N. T.; [[but]] [[there]] it [[always]], [[though]] joined to [[other]] classes of words, has a tropical [[signification]] [[derived]] from its [[original]] [[meaning]].<br /><b class="num">2.</b> equivalent to Latin pro, for, i. e. for [[one]]'s [[safety]], for [[one]]'s [[advantage]] or [[benefit]] ([[one]] [[who]] does a [[thing]] for [[another]], is conceived of as [[standing]] or bending '[[over]]' the [[one]] whom he would [[shield]] or [[defend]] (cf. Winer's Grammar, as [[above]])): προσεύχεσθε [[ὑπέρ]] | |txtha=(cf. English up, [[over]], etc.), Latin super, [[over]], a preposition, [[which]] stands [[before]] [[either]] the genitive or the accusative according as it is used to [[express]] the [[idea]] of [[state]] and [[rest]] or of [[motion]] [[over]] and [[beyond]] a [[place]]. I. [[with]] the genitive; cf. Winer's Grammar, 382 f (358f).<br /><b class="num">1.</b> [[properly]], of [[place]], i. e. of [[position]], [[situation]], [[extension]]: [[over]], [[above]], [[beyond]], [[across]]. In [[this]] [[sense]] it does [[not]] [[occur]] in the N. T.; [[but]] [[there]] it [[always]], [[though]] joined to [[other]] classes of words, has a tropical [[signification]] [[derived]] from its [[original]] [[meaning]].<br /><b class="num">2.</b> equivalent to Latin pro, for, i. e. for [[one]]'s [[safety]], for [[one]]'s [[advantage]] or [[benefit]] ([[one]] [[who]] does a [[thing]] for [[another]], is conceived of as [[standing]] or bending '[[over]]' the [[one]] whom he would [[shield]] or [[defend]] (cf. Winer's Grammar, as [[above]])): προσεύχεσθε [[ὑπέρ]] τῶν ..., T Tr marginal [[reading]] WH [[περί]] ([[see]] 6 [[below]])); L Tr WH marginal [[reading]] ([[see]] 6 [[below]]); (L Tr marginal [[reading]] WH [[text]]), 9; [[εὔχομαι]], R G T Tr [[text]] WH marginal [[reading]]); [[after]] [[δέομαι]], [[δέησις]], [[προσευχή]], L T Tr WH [[περί]] ([[see]] 6 [[below]])); [[εἶναι]] [[ὑπέρ]] τίνος (opposed to [[κατά]] τίνος), to be for [[one]] i. e. to be on [[one]]'s [[side]], to favor and [[further]] [[one]]'s [[cause]], τό [[ὑπέρ]] τίνος [[that]] [[which]] is for [[one]]'s [[advantage]], [[ἀναθάλλω]] and [[φρονέω]], at the [[end]]); [[ἐντυγχάνω]] and [[ὑπερεντυγχάνω]], R G, 27,34; [[λέγω]], R WH [[text]] ([[see]] 6 [[below]]); μερίμνω, ἀγρύπνω, [[ἀγωνίζομαι]] ἐν ταῖς προσευχαῖς, [[πρεσβεύω]], [[ζῆλος]], ); [[πόνος]], G L T Tr WH); [[σπουδή]], [[διάκονος]], ἀρχειρεα καθίστασθαι, [[τήν]] ψυχήν τιθέναι ([[ὑπέρ]] τίνος), in [[order]] to [[avert]] [[ruin]], [[death]], etc., from [[one]], τό [[αἷμα]] [[αὐτοῦ]] ἐκχύνειν, [[passive]], L T Tr WH ([[see]] 6 [[below]]); WH [[reject]] the [[passage]]); ἀπολέσθαι, ἀποθνῄσκειν, L T Tr WH); T Tr WH [[text]] [[περί]] ([[see]] 6 [[below]]); L T Tr WH [[text]]); γεύεσθαι θανάτου, σταυρωθῆναι, L [[text]] Tr marginal [[reading]] WH marginal [[reading]] [[περί]] ([[see]] 6 [[below]])); (of God giving up his Song of Solomon, παραδιδόναι τινα ἑαυτόν, διδόναι ἑαυτόν, [[ἀντίλυτρον]], τό [[σῶμα]] [[αὐτοῦ]] διδόναι, [[passive]], WH [[reject]] the [[passage]]), cf. [[τυθῆναι]] (θυθῆναι, [[see]] [[θύω]], at the [[beginning]]), [[παθεῖν]], R G WH marginal [[reading]]; 4:1 R G); ἁγιάζειν ἑαυτόν, [[ὑπέρ]], [[like]] the Latin pro and [[our]] for, comes to [[signify]]<br /><b class="num">3.</b> in the [[place]] of, [[instead]] of ([[which]] is [[more]] [[precisely]] expressed by [[ἀντί]]; [[hence]], the [[two]] prepositions are interchanged by Irenaeus, adv. haer. 5,1, τῷ ἰδίῳ αἵματι λυτρωσαμένου [[ἡμᾶς]] [[τοῦ]] κυρίου [[καί]] δόντος [[τήν]] ψυχήν [[ὑπέρ]] τῶν ἡμετέρων ψυχῶν [[καί]] [[τήν]] σάρκα [[τήν]] [[ἑαυτοῦ]] [[ἀντί]] τῶν ἡμετέρων σαρκῶν): [[ἵνα]] [[ὑπέρ]] [[σου]] μοι διακονῇ, [[ὑπέρ]] τῶν νεκρῶν βαπτίζεσθαι ([[see]] [[βαπτίζω]], at the [[end]]), L [[text]] Tr [[text]] WH [[text]]); in expressions [[concerning]] the [[death]] of Christ: [[εἷς]] [[ὑπέρ]] πάντων ἀπέθανεν (for the [[inference]] is [[drawn]] [[ἄρα]] οἱ πάντες [[ἀπέθανον]], i. e. [[all]] are reckoned as [[dead]]), [[ὑπέρ]], [[see]] Meyer and Van Hengel on Philemon, the passages cited; Wieseler on Trench, Synonyms, § lxxxii.; Winer's Grammar, 383 (358) [[note]].) Since [[anything]], [[whether]] of an [[active]] or [[passive]] [[character]] [[which]] is undertaken on [[behalf]] of a [[person]] or [[thing]], is undertaken 'on [[account]] of' [[that]] [[person]] or [[thing]], [[ὑπέρ]] is used<br /><b class="num">4.</b> of the impelling or [[moving]] [[cause]]; on [[account]] of, for the [[sake]] of, [[any]] [[person]] or [[thing]]: [[ὑπέρ]] τῆς [[τοῦ]] κόσμου ζοης, to [[procure]] (true) [[life]] for [[mankind]], to do or [[suffer]] [[anything]] [[ὑπέρ]] [[τοῦ]] ὀνόματος Θεοῦ, Ἰησοῦ, [[τοῦ]] κυρίου: πάσχειν [[ὑπέρ]] [[τοῦ]] Χριστοῦ, [[ὑπέρ]] τῆς βασιλείας [[τοῦ]] Θεοῦ, στενοχωριαι [[ὑπέρ]] [[τοῦ]] Χριστοῦ, [[ὑπέρ]] etc. [[here]] [[with]] εὐδοκῶ); ἀποθνῄσκειν [[ὑπέρ]] Θεοῦ, Ignatius ad Romans 4 [ET]. examples [[with]] a genitive of the [[thing]] are, [[ὑπέρ]] τῆς εὐδοκίας, to [[satisfy]] (his) [[good]]-[[pleasure]], δοξάζειν, εὐχαριστεῖν [[ὑπέρ]] τίνος (genitive of the [[thing]]), [[ὑπέρ]] πάντων, for [[all]] favors, ἐυηξαρίστειν [[ὑπέρ]] [[with]] a genitive of the [[person]], L T Tr WH [[περί]] ([[see]] 6 [[below]])); ἀγῶνα ἔχειν [[ὑπέρ]] [[with]] a genitive of the [[person]] L T Tr WH ([[see]] 6 [[below]]); [[ὑπέρ]] (τῶν) ἁμαρτιῶν (or ἀγνοημάτων), to [[offer]] sacrifices, L T Tr WH [[περί]] ([[see]] 6 [[below]])); ἀποθανεῖν, of Christ, ἑαυτόν [[δοῦναι]], R WH [[text]] ([[see]] 6 [[below]]).<br /><b class="num">5.</b> Like the Latin super (cf. Klotz, HWB, d. Latin Spr. ii, p. 1497b; (Harpers' Latin Dict. [[under]] the [[word]], II. B. 2b.)), it [[frequently]] refers to the [[object]] [[under]] [[consideration]], [[concerning]], of, as respects, [[with]] [[regard]] to (cf. Buttmann, § 147,21); examples from [[secular]] authors are given in Winer's Grammar, 383 (358f)); so [[after]] καυχᾶσθαι, [[καύχημα]], [[καύχησις]] (R. V. on [[behalf]] of): L T Tr WH εγ((or εν() καυχᾶσθαι); φυσιουσθαι, [[φυσιόω]], 2at the [[end]])); [[ἐλπίς]], ἀγνοεῖν, 8 ([[here]] L T Tr WH marginal [[reading]] [[περί]] ([[see]] 6 [[below]])); φρονεῖν, ἐρωτᾶν, κράζειν, to [[proclaim]] [[concerning]], παρακαλεῖν, G L T Tr WH ([[see]] 6 [[below]])); [[after]] [[εἰπεῖν]], L T Tr WH ([[see]] 6 [[below]]); (so [[after]] verbs of [[saying]], [[writing]], etc., [[εἴτε]] [[ὑπέρ]] Τίτου, [[whether]] [[inquiry]] be made [[about]] [[Titus]], [[ὑπέρ]] [[τούτου]], [[concerning]] [[this]], [[ὑπέρ]] and [[περί]] are [[confounded]] (cf. Winer's Grammar, 383 (358) [[note]]; § 50,3; Buttmann, § 147,21; Kühner, § 435, I:2e.; Meisterhans, § 49,12; [[also]] Wieseler or Ellicott on Galatians, as [[below]]; Meyer on [[περί]], the [[passage]] cited δ.)); [[this]] occurs in the [[following]] passages: [[ὑπέρ]] ἐκ περισσοῦ or [[ὑπέρ]] ἐκπερισσοῦ, [[see]] [[ὑπερεκπερισσοῦ]].) II. [[with]] the accusative (cf. Winer's Grammar, § 49, e.); [[over]], [[beyond]], [[away]] [[over]]; [[more]] [[than]];<br /><b class="num">1.</b> [[properly]], of the [[place]] '[[over]]' or '[[beyond]]' [[which]], as in the Greek writings from Homer down; [[not]] [[thus]] used in the N. T., [[where]] it is [[always]]<br /><b class="num">2.</b> [[metaphorically]], of the [[measure]] or [[degree]] exceeded (cf. Buttmann, § 147,21);<br /><b class="num">a.</b> [[universally]]: [[εἶναι]] [[ὑπέρ]] τινα, to be [[above]] i. e. [[superior]] to [[one]], τό [[ὄνομα]] τό [[ὑπέρ]] [[πᾶν]] [[ὄνομα]] [[namely]], ὄν, the [[name]] [[superior]] to [[every]] ([[other]]) [[name]], κεφαλήν [[ὑπέρ]] πάντα [[namely]], οὖσαν, the [[supreme]] [[head]] or [[lord]] (A. V. [[head]] [[over]] [[all]] things), [[ὑπέρ]] [[δοῦλον]] [[ὄντα]], [[more]] [[than]] a [[servant]], [[more]] [[than]] (R. V. [[beyond]]), [[ὑπέρ]] πάντα, [[above]] (i. e. [[more]] and greater [[than]]) [[all]], [[ὑπέρ]] [[τήν]] λαμπρότητα [[τοῦ]] ἡλίου, [[above]] (i. e. [[surpassing]]) the [[brightness]] of the [[sun]], [[more]] (to a greater [[degree]]) [[than]], φιλεῖν τινα [[ὑπέρ]] τινα, [[beyond]], [[ὑπέρ]] ὁ δύνασθε, [[beyond]] [[what]] ye are [[able]], [[beyond]] [[your]] [[strength]], Winer's Grammar, 590 (549)); [[also]] [[ὑπέρ]] δύναμιν, [[κατά]] δύναμιν (as in [[Homer]], Iliad 3,59 κατ' Αισαν, ὀυδ' [[ὑπέρ]] Αισαν, cf. 6,487; 17,321. 327), L T Tr WH [[παρά]] δύναμιν).<br /><b class="num">b.</b> [[with]] words implying [[comparison]]: προκόπτειν, ή῾ττασθαι, Winer's Grammar, § 49e.), ([[πλεονάζω]], 1Esdr. 8:72; [[περισσεύω]], ὑπερβάλω, [[than]], Winer's Grammar, § 35,2; (Buttmann, § 147,21).<br /><b class="num">c.</b> [[ὑπέρ]] is used adverbially; as, [[ὑπέρ]] [[ἐγώ]] (L [[ὑπερεγώ]] (cf. Winer's Grammar, 46 (45)), WH [[ὑπέρ]] [[ἐγώ]] (cf. Winer's Grammar, § 14,2Note)), [[much]] [[more]] (or in a [[much]] greater [[degree]]) I, Kypke at the [[passage]]; Winer's Grammar, 423 (394). (For [[ὑπέρ]] [[λίαν]] [[see]] [[ὑπερλίαν]].) III. In Composition [[ὑπέρ]] denotes<br /><b class="num">1.</b> [[over]], [[above]], [[beyond]]: [[ὑπεράνω]], [[ὑπερέκεινα]], [[ὑπερεκτείνω]].<br /><b class="num">2.</b> [[excess]] of [[measure]], [[more]] [[than]]: [[ὑπερεκπερισσοῦ]], [[ὑπερνικάω]].<br /><b class="num">3.</b> [[aid]], for; in defense of: [[ὑπερεντυγχάνω]]. Cf. Viger. edition Hermann, p. 668; Fritzsche on Romans, vol. i., p. 351; (Ellicott on Ephesians 3:20). | ||
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