σῶμα: Difference between revisions

|btext=ατος (τό) :<br /><b>I.</b> [[corps]] ; <i>p. opp. à l'âme</i> [[ψυχή]] ; <i>particul.</i> :<br /><b>1</b> <i>dans Hom.</i> corps mort, cadavre (<i>en parl. d'un corps vivant</i> [[δέμας]]);<br /><b>2</b> <i>postér.</i> corps vivant : τὸ [[σῶμα]] σῴζειν THC, διασῴζειν XÉN sauver sa vie ; περὶ τοῦ σώματος κινδυνεύειν ISOCR exposer sa vie ; être animé, homme <i>ou</i> animal : τὸ σὸν [[σῶμα]] EUR ta personne, <i>càd</i> toi ; [[σῶμα]] ἀνικάτου θηρός SOPH le corps du monstre invincible, pour le monstre invincible, <i>càd</i> Cerbère ; τὰ πολλὰ σώματα SOPH <i>c.</i> οἱ πολλοί la plupart ; δοῦλα καὶ ἐλεύθερα σώματα XÉN êtres esclaves et libres ; <i>particul. avec idée de dédain</i> σώματα οἰκετικά ESCHN serviteurs;<br /><b>3</b> matière, objet tangible, <i>p. opp. à ce qui est insaisissable (comme un souffle, une ombre, etc.)</i> ; le point capital, le fondement : τῆς πίστεως ARSTT le corps de la preuve;<br /><b>II.</b> [[partie du corps]], [[organe]] <i>avec l'indication de l'organe dont on veut parler</i>.<br />'''Étymologie:''' orig. inconnue ; pê p. *σκῶμα, de la R. Σκυ couvrir, envelopper.

|astxt=[[σῶμα]], -τος, τό, [in [[LXX]] for גְּוִיָּה,בָּשָׂר, etc., and for Aram. נְבֵלָה;] <br />a [[body]].<br /><b class="num">1.</b>Prop., of the [[human]] [[body]],<br /><b class="num">(a)</b>as [[always]] in Hom. (opp. to [[δέμας]]), of the [[dead]] [[body]]: Mt 27:58, 59 Mk 15:43, al.; <br /><b class="num">(b)</b>of the [[living]] [[body]]: Lk 11:34, I Co 6:13, al.; ἐν σ. [[εἶναι]], He 13:3; as the [[instrument]] of the [[soul]], τὰ διὰ τοῦ σ., II Co 5:10; opp. to [[πνεῦμα]], Ro 8:10, I Co 5:3 7:4, Ja 2:26; to [[ψυχή]], Mt 6:25 10:28, Lk 12:22 (cf. Wi 1:1, al.); to τὸ π. καὶ ἡ ψ., I Th 5:23; σ. ψυχικόν, opp. to σ. πνευματικόν, I Co 15:44; ὁ ναὸς τοῦ σ. [[αὐτοῦ]] (gen. epexeg.), Jo 2:21; τὸ σ. τ. ταπεινώσεως (Hebraistic "gen. of [[definition]]"; M, Pr., 73f.; Bl., §35, 5), opp. to τὸ σ. τ. δοξῆς [[αὐτοῦ]], Phl 3:21; [[similarly]], τὸ σ. τ. σαρκός, Col 1:22; σ. τοῦ θανάτου ([[subject]] to [[death]]), Ro 7:24; σ. τ. ἁμαρτίας, Ro 6:6; <br /><b class="num">(c)</b>[[periphrasis]], ἀνθρώπου, [[then]] absol., [[σῶμα]] (Soph., Xen., al.), a [[person]], and in [[later]] writers (Polyb., al.), a [[slave]]: Re 18:13 (cf. MM, i, ii, xxiv; Deiss., BS, 160). <br /><b class="num">2.</b>Of the bodies of animals: [[living]], Ja 3:3; [[dead]], He 13:11 ( Ex 29:14, al.). <br /><b class="num">3.</b>Of [[inanimate]] objects (cf. Eng. "[[heavenly]] bodies"): I Co 15:37, 38 40 (Diod., al.). <br /><b class="num">4.</b>Of [[any]] [[corporeal]] [[substance]] (Plat., al.): opp. to [[σκιά]], Col 2:17. Metaph., of a [[number]] of persons united by a [[common]] [[bond]]; in NT, of the Church as the [[spiritual]] [[body]] of Christ: Ro 12:5, I Co 10:16, 17 12:13, 27, Eph 1:23 2:16 4:4, 12, 16 5:23, 30, Col 1:18, 24 2:19 3:15; ἓν σ. κ. ἓν [[πνεῦμα]], Eph 4:4.

|txtha=σώματος, τό ([[apparently]] from [[σῶς]] '[[entire]]' ([[but]] cf. [[Curtius]], § 570; others from the [[root]], ska, sko, 'to [[cover]]', cf. Vanicek, p. 1055; [[Curtius]], p. 696)), the Sept. for בָּשָׂר, גְּוִיָּה, etc.; נְבֵלָה (a [[corpse]]), [[also]] for Chaldean גֶּשֶׁם; a [[body]]; and:<br /><b class="num">1.</b> the [[body]] [[both]] of men and of animals (on the [[distinction]] [[between]] it and [[σάρξ]] [[see]] [[σάρξ]], [[especially]] 2at the [[beginning]]; (cf. Dickson, St. Paul's [[use]] of 'Flesh' and 'Spirit', p. 247ff));<br /><b class="num">a.</b> as [[everywhere]] in [[Homer]] ([[who]] calls the [[living]] [[body]] [[δέμας]] and [[not]] infreqently in [[subsequently]] Greek writings, a [[dead]] [[body]] or [[corpse]]: [[universally]], Prayer of Manasseh, R G; (R G); τό [[σῶμα]] τίνος, [[Hesiod]] down, the [[living]] [[body]]: — of animals, τό [[σῶμα]], [[absolutely]], ἐν σώματι [[εἶναι]], of [[earthly]] [[life]] [[with]] its troubles, τό [[αἷμα]], τό [[σῶμα]] and τά [[μέλη]] of it, τό [[σῶμα]] the [[temple]] of τό [[ἅγιον]] [[πνεῦμα]], τά [[διά]] τοῦ σωματου [[namely]], πραχθεντα, τό [[πνεῦμα]], in ἡ [[ψυχή]], in ἡ [[ψυχή]] and τό [[πνεῦμα]] [[together]], in [[σῶμα]] ψυχικόν and [[σῶμα]] πνευματικόν are [[distinguished]], [[πνευματικός]], 1and [[ψυχικός]], a.); τό [[σῶμα]] τίνος, Winer's Grammar, 187 (176)), etc.; ὁ [[ναός]] τοῦ σωματου [[αὐτοῦ]], the [[temple]] [[which]] [[was]] his [[body]], τό [[σῶμα]] τῆς ταπεινώσεως [[ἡμῶν]], the [[body]] of [[our]] [[humiliation]] (subjective genitive), i. e. [[which]] we [[wear]] in [[this]] [[servile]] and [[lowly]] [[human]] [[life]], opposed to τό [[σῶμα]] τῆς δόξης [[αὐτοῦ]] (i. e. τοῦ Χριστοῦ), the [[body]] [[which]] Christ has in his glorified [[state]] [[with]] God in [[heaven]], [[διά]] τοῦ σωματου τοῦ Χριστοῦ, [[through]] the [[death]] of Christ's [[body]], [[διά]] τῆς προσφοράς τοῦ σωματου Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, [[through]] the [[sacrificial]] [[offering]] of the [[body]] of Jesus Christ, τό [[σῶμα]] τῆς σαρκός, the [[body]] consisting of [[flesh]], i. e. the [[physical]] [[body]] ([[tacitly]] opposed to Christ's [[spiritual]] [[body]], the [[church]], [[see]] 3below), [[σῶμα]] τοῦ θανάτου, the [[body]] [[subject]] to [[death]], given [[over]] to it (cf. Winer's Grammar, § 30,2 β.), ἡ [[σάρξ]]:, and in the [[flesh]] [[also]] the incentives to [[sin]] ([[see]] [[σάρξ]], 4), gives [[origin]] to the [[following]] phrases: μή βασιλευέτω ἡ [[ἁμαρτία]] ἐν τῷ θνητῷ [[ὑμῶν]] σώματι, Winer's Grammar, 524 (488)); αἱ πράξεις τοῦ σώματος, [[σῶμα]] τῆς ἁμαρτίας, the [[body]] [[subject]] to, the [[thrall]] of, [[sin]] (cf. Winer's Grammar, § 30,2 β.), τό [[σῶμα]] τῆς σαρκός, [[subject]] to the incitements of the [[flesh]], has τό [[σῶμα]] τῶν ἁμαρτιῶν τῆς σαρκός). δοξάζετε [[τόν]] Θεόν ἐν τῷ σώματι [[ὑμῶν]], μεγαλύνειν [[τόν]] Χριστόν ἐν τῷ σώματι, [[εἴτε]] [[διά]] ζωῆς, [[εἴτε]] [[διά]] θανάτου, παραστῆσαι τά σώματα θυσίαν ... τῷ Θεῷ (i. e. by [[bodily]] [[purity]] (cf. Meyer at the [[passage]])), σώματα; [[once]] so in the N. T.: Vulg. [[correctly]] translates by mancipia (A. V. slaves) (σώματα τοῦ οἴκου, σώματα [[καί]] κτήνη, Ἰουδαικα σώματα, Lob. ad Phryn., p. 378f ([[add]] (from [[Sophocles]] Lexicon, [[under]] the [[word]]), [[Polybius]] 1,29, 7; 4,38, 4, [[also]] 3,17, 10 bis); the earlier and [[more]] [[elegant]] Greek writings said σώματα δοῦλα, ὀικετικα, etc.).<br /><b class="num">2.</b> The [[name]] is transferred to the bodies of plants, σώματα ἐπουράνια, bodies [[celestial]], i. e. the bodies of the [[heavenly]] luminaries and of angels ([[see]] [[ἐπουράνιος]], 1), and σώματα ἐπίγεια, bodies [[terrestrial]] (i. e. bodies of men, animals, and plants), [[ἅπαν]] [[σῶμα]] τῆς τῶν ὅλων φύσεως ... τό [[σῶμα]] τοῦ κόσμου, diod. 1,11).<br /><b class="num">3.</b> tropically [[σῶμα]] is used of a ([[large]] or [[small]]) "[[number]] of men [[closely]] united [[into]] [[one]] [[society]], or [[family]] as it were; a [[social]], [[ethical]], mystical [[body]]"; so in the N. T. of the [[church]]: τοῦ Χριστοῦ added, ἕν [[σῶμα]] [[καί]] ἕν [[πνεῦμα]], ἡ [[σκιά]] and τό [[σῶμα]] are [[distinguished]] as the [[shadow]] and the [[thing]] itself [[which]] casts the [[shadow]]: σκιάν αἰτησόμενος βασιλείας, ἧς ἥρπασεν ἑαυτῷ τό [[σῶμα]], Josephus, b. j. 2,2, 5; ([[Philo]] de confus. ling. § 37; Lucian, Hermot. 79)).