ἀρχαῖος: Difference between revisions

|Definition=α, ον, ([[ἀρχή]] I) <span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> [[from the beginning]] or [[from the origin]]: </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">I</span> mostly of things, [[ancient]], σκότος <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>106</span>; ἐσθής <span class="bibl">Hdt.5.88</span>; δόμοις ἐπασσάλευσαν ἀρχαῖον γάνος <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>579</span> codd.; Ζηνὸς ἀρχαίοις νόμοις <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>1382</span>; <b class="b3">χερὸς σῆς πίστιν ἀρχαίαν</b> [[faith]] [[firm]] [[for ever]], ib. <span class="bibl">1632</span> codd. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> [[old-fashioned]], [[antiquated]], <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>317</span> (lyr.), <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span>984</span>, <span class="bibl">D.22.14</span>; of literary style, <span class="bibl">Demetr.<span class="title">Eloc.</span>244</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">b</span> [[simple]], [[silly]], <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span>915</span>, al., <span class="bibl">Pherecr. 205</span>; ἀρχαιότερος εἶ τοῦ δέοντος <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Euthd.</span>295c</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> [[ancient]], [[former]], τὸ ἀρχαῖον ῥέεθον <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.75</span>; τοῦ ἀ. λόγου <span class="bibl">Id.7.160</span>; οὐ γὰρ δὴ τό γ' ἀ. δέμας <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>110</span>; <b class="b3">οἱ ἀ</b>., opp. <b class="b3">οἱ ὕστερον</b>, <span class="bibl">Th.2.16</span>; ἀ. φύσις <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ch.</span>281</span>, <span class="bibl">Hp. <span class="title">Art.</span>53</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Smp.</span>193c</span>, etc.; φύσις καὶ κατάστασις ἀ. <span class="bibl">Democr.278</span>; coupled with παλαιός, παλαιὸν δῶρον ἀρχαίου θηρός <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>555</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Lys. 6.51</span>, D.l.c. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">4</span> [[old]], [[worn out]], ὑποδήματα <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>4.5.14</span>; πινάκια <span class="bibl"><span class="title">BGU</span>781i1</span> (i A. D.). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> of persons, Θέμιν . . ἀρχαίαν ἄλοχον Διός <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">Fr.</span>6.5</span>; <b class="b3">ἀ. θεαί</b>, of the Erinyes, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Eu.</span>728</span>; Πέλοψ <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>1292</span>; [[οἱ ἀρχαῖοι]] = [[the Ancients]], name given by Arist. to the pre-Socratics, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Metaph.</span> 1069a25</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">GC</span>314a6</span>; in Lit. Crit., [[ancient]], [[classical]] writers, <span class="bibl">Demetr. <span class="title">Eloc.</span>15</span>,<span class="bibl">67</span>; in Plot., the philosophers down to Aristotle, <span class="bibl">5.1.9</span>; in [[NT]], [[the Fathers]], Ev.Matt.5.21, al. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> [[ancient]], [[old]], <b class="b3">βαλὴν ἀ</b>., of [[Darius]], <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>657</span> (lyr.); λάτρις <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hec.</span>609</span>; ἑταῖρος <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>2.8.1</span>; <b class="b3">οἱ ἀρχαῖοι κύριοι</b> the [[original]] owners, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">BGU</span>992 ii 6</span> (ii B. C.); <b class="b3">τὰς ἀρχαίας πόλεις</b> (banished from) their [[original]] cities, Polystr.<span class="bibl">p.22</span> W.; <b class="b3">ἀρχαῖος μαθητής</b> an [[original]] disciple, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Act.Ap.</span>21.16</span>;  [[μύστης]] <span class="title">Inscr.Magn.</span>215<b class="b2">b;</b> <b class="b3">παιδαγωγὸς ἀ</b>., i.e [[of old]], [[formerly]], <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">El.</span>287</span>, cf.<span class="bibl">853</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">III</span> neut. as adverb, [[τὸ ἀρχαῖον]], Ion. contr. [[τὠρχαῖον]], [[anciently]], <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.56</span>, <span class="bibl">173</span>, al., Att.τἀρχαῖον <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Supp.</span>326</span>; ἀπὸ τοῦ ἀ. <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.117</span>; ἐξ ἀρχαίων <span class="bibl">D.S.1.14</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> regul. Adv. [[ἀρχαίως]] [[in olden style]], καινὰ ἀ. λέγειν <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phdr.</span>267b</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Isoc.4.8</span>, <span class="bibl">D.9.48</span>; ἀ. καὶ [[σεμνῶς]] <span class="bibl">Aeschin.1.183</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">IV</span> irreg. Comp. ἀρχαιέστερος <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">Fr.</span>45</span> (on [[ἀρχέστατος]] v. h. v.); usual Comp. ἀρχαιότερος <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Av.</span>469</span>: Sup. ἀρχαιότατος <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.105</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">V</span> as [[substantive]], [[τὸ ἀρχαῖον]], of [[money]], [[prime cost]], πλέον τοῦ ἀ. <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Vect.</span>3.2</span>; [[principal]], mostly in plural, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span>1156</span>, etc.; τἀρχαῖα ἀποδιδόναι <span class="bibl">D.34.26</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">τῶν ἀρχαίων ἀπέστησαν</b> lost their [[capital]], <span class="bibl">Id.1.15</span>: opp. [[ἔργον]], <span class="bibl">Id.27.10</span>; opp. [[πρόσοδος|πρόσοδοι]], <span class="bibl">Is.6.38</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> [[ἀρχαίη]], ἡ, = [[ἀρχή]], <span class="bibl">Eust.475.1</span>, etc.</span>

|dgtxt=-α, -ον<br /><b class="num">• Alolema(s):</b> jón. fem. -ίη Hdt.5.88, etc.; eol. ἄρχαος Alc.67.5, dud. en Alc.178.1, Sch.D.T.466.37<br /><b class="num">• Morfología:</b> [compar. ἀρχαιέστερος Pi.<i>Fr</i>.45; sup. [[ἀρχέστατος]] A.<i>Fr</i>.187]<br /><b class="num">A</b> adj. y subst.<br /><b class="num">I</b> sin connotaciones posit. o peyor.<br /><b class="num">1</b> gener. [[antiguo]] de divinidades y abstr. νόμος Hes.<i>Fr</i>.322, θεαί A.<i>Eu</i>.728, Θέμις ... ἀ. [[ἄλοχος]] [[Διός]] Pi.<i>Fr</i>.30.5 (pero cf. II), παῖδες ἀρχαίου Σκότου S.<i>OC</i> 106, etc.<br /><b class="num">•</b>de concr. ἐσθής Hdt.5.88, ἱρὸν ... πάντων ἀρχαιότατον Hdt.1.105, subst. ὅκως ... ἐς τὰ ἀρχαῖα ἐσβάλλοι para que se metiera en el (lecho) antiguo</i> Hdt.1.75<br /><b class="num">•</b>de pers. [[ἀρχαῖος]] μύστης ἀρχαῖον χρησμὸν ... ἀναγράψας <i>IM</i> 215b (I d.C.)<br /><b class="num">•</b>en constr. adverb. diversas [[desde antiguo]], [[desde tiempo inmemorial]] τἀρχαῖον A.<i>Supp</i>.326, ἀπὸ τοῦ ἀρχαίου Hdt.4.117, ἐξ ἀρχαίων D.S.1.14.2, 14.45.3<br /><b class="num">•</b>tb. [[originariamente]] ἐόντα τὸ ἀρχαῖον τὸ μὲν Πελασγικόν Hdt.1.56, οἱ δὲ Λύκιοι ἐκ Κρήτης τὠρχαῖον γεγόνασι Hdt.1.173<br /><b class="num">•</b>subst. οἱ ἀρχαῖοι [[los antiguos]] περὶ διαίτης οἱ ἀρχαῖοι συνέγραψαν Hp.<i>Acut</i>.3, οἱ πλείους τῶν τε ἀρχαίων καὶ τῶν ὕστερον la mayoría de los antiguos y los posteriores</i> Th.2.16, μαρτυροῦσι δὲ καὶ οἱ ἀρχαῖοι Arist.<i>Metaph</i>.1069^a25, cf. <i>GC</i> 314^a6, Demetr.<i>Eloc</i>.67, 244, Corn.<i>ND</i> 20, Plot.5.1.9, ἠκούσατε ὅτι ἐρρέθη τοῖς ἀρχαίοις habéis oído que fue dicho a los antiguos</i>, <i>Eu.Matt</i>.5.21, κατὰ τοὺς ἀρχαίους Porph.<i>Sent</i>.20, 42, etc.<br /><b class="num">•</b>tb. adj. περὶ τῶν ἀρχαίων ῥητόρων D.H.<i>Orat.Vet</i>.tít., τις τῶν ἀρχαίων φιλοσόφων Plu.2.111f.<br /><b class="num">2</b> c. op. explícita a un estado posterior [[anterior]], [[de antes]] de divinidades y abstr. ἀρχαιότεροι πρότεροι τε Κρόνου Ar.<i>Au</i>.469, ὑπείξομεν τοῦ ἀρχαίου λόγου cederemos algo de la anterior propuesta</i> Hdt.7.160, cf. quizá περὶ ἀρχαίης ἰητρικῆς sobre la medicina de antes</i> Hp.<i>VM</i> tít.<br /><b class="num">•</b>de concr. ἐξέσθοντας ἀρχαίαν φύσιν (las lepras) que devoran el cuerpo tal cual era</i> A.<i>Ch</i>.281, οὐ γὰρ δὴ τόδ' ἀρχαῖον [[δέμας]] pues no es éste el cuerpo de antes</i> S.<i>OC</i> 110<br /><b class="num">•</b>de pers. οἱ ἀρχαῖοι κύριοι los dueños originarios</i>, <i>BGU</i> 992.2.6 (II a.C.)<br /><b class="num">•</b>subst. κατ' ἀρχαίους ref. al antiguo calendario egipcio <i>PHamb</i>.96.2 (II d.C.), <i>PCornell</i> 9.7, <i>PGrenf</i>.2.67.10 (III d.C.).<br /><b class="num">3</b> en cont. econ. [[principal]], [[capital]] adj. τό τ' ἀρχαῖον [[δάνειον]] καὶ τῶν τόκων μέρος τι D.56.37, pero gener. subst. τἀρχαῖα καὶ τόκοι τόκων Ar.<i>Nu</i>.1156, πλέον τοῦ ἀρχαίου λαμβάνουσιν X.<i>Vect</i>.3.2, τοῦ μὲν ἀρχαίου κεφάλαιον τέτταρα τάλαντα D.27.10, cf. 1.15, 27.64, 34.26, Is.6.38, <i>SIG</i> 955.17 (IV/III a.C.), <i>PCair.Zen</i>.327.91 (III a.C.), <i>PHib</i>.30.19 (III a.C.), <i>IKyme</i> 12.6 (II a.C.), etc., ἀγαπῶν τὸ ἀρχαῖον Philostr.<i>VS</i> 603, τὸ ἀρχαῖον ἐν ἀργυρίῳ ἀπῄτουν D.C.41.37.3, cf. Alciphr.1.13.3, [[proverb|prov.]] οὐδὲ τἀρχαῖον ποιεῖ no merece la pena</i>, <i>Com.Adesp</i>.723K.<br /><b class="num">II</b> c. connotaciones posit.<br /><b class="num">a)</b> gener. o de abstr. [[antiguo]], [[venerable]], [[prístino]] τὸ «ἀρχαῖοι» ἀντὶ τοῦ «παλαιοί» ἐντιμότερον· οἱ γὰρ ἀρχαῖοι ἄνδρες ἐντιμότεροι Demetr.<i>Eloc</i>.175, ἀρχαῖον [[γάνος]] A.<i>A</i>.579, Δίκη ξύνεδρος ... ἀρχαίοις νόμοις S.<i>OC</i> 1382, πίστις S.<i>OC</i> 1632, ἀπὸ φύσιος καὶ καταστάσιός τινος ἀρχαίης Democr.B 278, φύσις Pl.<i>Smp</i>.193c, τὸ νόμιμον τὸ παλαιὸν καὶ ἀρχαῖον Lys.6.51, ἀρχαίῳ καὶ σοφῷ ... λόγῳ Plu.2.111e, cf. 2.115c;<br /><b class="num">b)</b> de pers. o seres mit. [[venerable]], [[viejo]], [[anciano]] ἀ. [[βαλήν]] A.<i>Pers</i>.657, ἐγὼ γένος μέν εἰμι Κρὴς ἀρχέστατον A.<i>Fr</i>.187, ἀ. ... Πέλοψ S.<i>Ai</i>.1292, [[δῶρον]] ἀρχαίου ... θηρός regalo del viejo centauro</i> S.<i>Tr</i>.555, ἀ. λάτρις E.<i>Hec</i>.609, παιδαγωγὸς ἀ. γέρων E.<i>El</i>.287, cf. 853, ἑταῖρος X.<i>Mem</i>.2.8.1, ἀ. μαθητής antiguo discípulo</i>, <i>Act.Ap</i>.21.16;<br /><b class="num">c)</b> como epít. de reyes [[el Viejo]] μετὰ Γέλωνα τὸν ἀρχαῖον después de Gelón el Viejo</i> Plb.12.25k.2;<br /><b class="num">d)</b> como epít. de [[ciudad]] [[antigua]], [[noble]] Ἡρακλέους πόλεως ἀρχαίας <i>BGU</i> 924.1 (III d.C.);<br /><b class="num">e)</b> de pinturas [[antiguo]] ἀρχαῖα ζωγραφήματα Hierocl.<i>Facet</i>.78;<br /><b class="num">f)</b> subst. οὐχ ἁμαρτάνει τοῦ ἀρχαίου no le falla (el toque) de antigüedad</i> Philostr.<i>VS</i> 594.<br /><b class="num">III</b> c. connotaciones peyor.<br /><b class="num">a)</b> gener. o de abstr. [[anticuado]], [[superado]] τὸ μὲν ἀρχαῖον παρ' αὐτοῖς ἄτιμον τὸ δὲ νέον ἔντιμον Pl.<i>Lg</i>.797c, ἀρχαῖ' ἴσως σοι φαίνομαι λέγειν τάδε quizá te parece que digo cosas anticuadas</i> A.<i>Pr</i>.317, cf. Ar.<i>Nu</i>.984, Isoc.4.30, D.22.14;<br /><b class="num">b)</b> de concr. [[viejo]], [[gastado]] ὑποδήματα X.<i>An</i>.4.5.14, πινακίων ... ἀρχαίω[ν] δ' (un servicio) de cuatro bandejas viejas</i>, <i>BGU</i> 781.1.1 (I d.C.), χαρτίδια ἀρχαῖα libros gastados</i> Alciphr.2.5.2 (quizá c. juego de palabras c. I 3, cf. <i>ib</i>. <i>infra</i> πρὸς τῷ ἀρχαίῳ τόκον βαρύν);<br /><b class="num">c)</b> de pers. [[simple]], [[tonto]] ΔI. -θρασὺς εἶ πολλοῦ. ΑΔ. -σὺ δέ γ' ἀ. Ar.<i>Nu</i>.915, cf. Pherecr.205, ἀρχαιότερος εἶ τοῦ δέοντος Pl.<i>Euthd</i>.228c, ἀρχαῖον εἶναι τὸν Ὀδυσσέα Pl.<i>Hp.Mi</i>.371d<br /><b class="num">d)</b> del diablo [[viejo]] ὁ ὄφις ὁ ἀ. ὁ καλούμενος Διάβολος <i>Apoc</i>.12.9, cf. 20.2;<br /><b class="num">e)</b> ret., de períodos [[arcaico]] Demetr.<i>Eloc</i>.15.<br /><b class="num">IV</b> otros sent., subst.<br /><b class="num">1</b> [[τὰ ἀρχαῖα]] = [[archivos]] ἐν τοῖς ἡμετέροις ἀρχαίοις Io.Mal.<i>Chron</i>.M.97.660C.<br /><b class="num">2</b> ἀρχαίη, ἡ [[ἀρχή]] Eust.475.1.<br /><b class="num">B</b> adv. [[ἀρχαίως]]<br /><b class="num">1</b> en sent. posit. [[clásicamente]], [[a la antigua]] [[εἰπεῖν]] Isoc.4.8, γέγραφεν Aeschin.1.183.<br /><b class="num">2</b> en sent. peyor. [[arcaica]], [[anticuadamente]] (φαίνεσθαι ποιοῦσι) καινά τε ἀ. τά τ' ἐναντία καινῶς Pl.<i>Phdr</i>.267b, οὕτω δ' ἀρχαίως εἶχον ... ὥστε ... D.9.48.<br /><b class="num">• Diccionario Micénico:</b> <i>a-ka-i-jo</i> (?).

|elrutext='''ἀρχαῖος:'''<br /><b class="num">1</b> [[извечный]], [[древний]], [[первозданный]] (θεαί Aesch.; παίδες ἀρχαίου Σκότου Soph.);<br /><b class="num">2</b> [[издревле установленный]], [[исконный]] (Ζηνὸς νόμοι Soph., θυσίαι Plat.);<br /><b class="num">3</b> [[вечный]], [[нерушимый]] (φάτναι Ζηνός Pind.; [[πίστις]] Soph.);<br /><b class="num">4</b> [[старый]], [[старинный]] ([[ἐσθής]] Her.; [[ἑταῖρος]] Xen.; χρόνοι Arst.);<br /><b class="num">5</b> [[старый]], [[прежний]] ([[ῥέεθρον]] Her.; ὑποδήματα Xen.);<br /><b class="num">6</b> [[старый]] (годами) ([[λάτρις]] Eur.);<br /><b class="num">7</b> старый, обветшалый, тж. надоевший (ἀρχαῖα λέγειν Aesch.; ἀρχαῖα καὶ τεττί γωνἀνάμεστα Arph.);<br /><b class="num">8</b> [[отсталый]] или [[простодушный]], [[наивный]] (σὺ δέ γ᾽ ἀ. Arph.; ἀρχαιότερος εἶ τοῦ δἐοντος Plat.);<br /><b class="num">9</b> [[старший]] ([[Κῦρος]] ὁ ἀ. Xen.).

|mdlsjtxt=[[ἀρχή]] 1]<br />from the [[beginning]]:<br /><b class="num">I.</b> of things, [[ancient]], [[primeval]], [[olden]], Hdt., [[Attic]]<br /><b class="num">2.</b> like [[ἀρχαϊκός]], old-fashioned, [[antiquated]], [[primitive]], Aesch., Ar.<br /><b class="num">3.</b> [[ancient]], [[former]], τὸ ἀρχ. [[ῥέεθρον]] Hdt., etc.<br /><b class="num">II.</b> of persons, [[ancient]], old, Aesch., Thuc., etc.: οἱ ἀρχαῖοι the Ancients, the old Fathers, Prophets, NTest.<br /><b class="num">III.</b> adv. [[ἀρχαίως]], [[anciently]], Dem.; so, τὸ [[ἀρχαῖον]], ionic contr. [[τὠρχαῖον]] Hdt., [[attic]] [[τἀρχαῖον]] Aesch.<br /><b class="num">2.</b> in [[olden]] [[style]], Plat., Aeschin.<br /><b class="num">IV.</b> as [[substantive]], τὸ [[ἀρχαῖον]], the [[original]] sum, the [[principal]], Lat. [[sors]], Ar., Oratt.