νέκταρ: Difference between revisions

|Definition=ᾰρος, τό, <span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> [[nectar]], the specific nourishment of the gods; [[ἀμβροσία]] ([[quod vide|q.v.]]) and [[ν]]. are differentiated in early Ep. as food and drink, <span class="bibl">Od. 5.93</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">h.Cer.</span>49</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">h.Ap.</span>10</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phdr.</span>247e</span>: but conversely, ν. ἔδμεναι <span class="bibl">Alcm.100</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Anaxandr.57</span>; <b class="b3">κέρασσε δὲ ν. ἐρυθρόν</b> Od.l.c.; Ἥβη ν. ἐῳνοχόει <span class="bibl">Il.4.3</span>; <b class="b3">νέκταρος ἀπορρώξ</b>, of choice wine, <span class="bibl">Od.9.359</span>; ν. ἀμβροσίην τε στάξον <span class="bibl">Il.19.347</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">38</span>, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>9.63</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> later, of [[wine]], <span class="bibl">Call.<span class="title">Fr.</span>115</span>, <span class="bibl">Nic.<span class="title">Al.</span>44</span>, Eudem.Med. ap. Gal.14.185. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">b</span> called [[σαρράν]] and [[χαλβάνη]], 1 <span class="title">Enoch</span>31.1. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> metaph., <b class="b3">ν. μελισσᾶν</b>, i.e. honey, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ba.</span>143</span> (lyr.); αἰθερίου πτηναὶ νέκταρος ἐργάτιδες <span class="title">AP</span>9.404 (Antiphil.), cf. <span class="bibl">6.239</span> (Apollonid.); also, of [[perfumed unguent]], ib.<span class="bibl">6.275</span> (Noss.); of an ode, ν. χυτόν, Μοισᾶν δόσιν <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>7.7</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Parth.</span>2.76</span>, <span class="title">AP</span>4.1.36 (Mel.); <b class="b3">ν. ἐναρμόνιον</b> ib.<span class="bibl">7.29</span> (Antip. Sid.).</span>

|btext=αρος (τό) :<br />nectar, <i>boisson des dieux</i>.<br />'''Étymologie:''' DELG pas d'étym. établie.

|elrutext='''νέκταρ:''' ᾰρος τό нектар, напиток богов (ἀμβροσιη καὶ ν. Hom.; μεθυσθεὶς τοῦ νέκταρος Plat.): μελισσᾶν ν. Eur. пчелиный нектар, т. е. мед.

|etymtx=-αρος<br />Grammatical information: n.<br />Meaning: [[nectar]], [[drink of the gods]] (Il.).<br />Compounds: As 1. member a.o. in <b class="b3">νεκταρο-σταγής</b> [[dripping nectar]] (com.).<br />Derivatives: <b class="b3">νεκτάρ-εος</b> [[of nectar]], [[smelling as nectar]] (Il.), <b class="b3">-ώδης</b> [[nectar-like]] (Gp.); [[νεκτάριον]] n. plantname = [[ἑλένιον]] (Dsc.), also name of a medicine and several [[eyesalve]]s (Gal.), with [[νεκταρίτης]] ([[οἶνος]]) [[wine spiced with νεκτάριον]] (Dsc., Plin., Redard 98).<br />Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin](X)<br />Etymology: As opposed to the comparable [[ἀμβροσία]] (s. [[βροτός]]) without certain etymology. Often considered as compoound of <b class="b3">νεκ-</b> in <b class="b3">νέκ-ες</b> (cf. <b class="b3">νέκ-υς</b>, <b class="b3">νεκ-ρός</b>) and a verb [[get over]], [[overcome]], which is found a.o. in Skt. <b class="b2">tárati</b> and as zero grade final member in <b class="b2">ap-túr</b> [[passing the waters]], <b class="b2">viśva-túr</b> [[overcoming everything]] etc. (cf. [[τέρμα]]). Thus (after Grimm a.o.) esp. Thieme Studien 5ff. with extensive argumentation and criticism of other views: [[νέκταρ]] prop. as expression of the IE poetic language "das über die [Todes -]Vernichtung Hinwegrettende". Doubts in Leumann Gnomon 25, 190 f.; agreeing Schmitt KZ 77, 88 who refers to Skt. <b class="b2">mr̥tyúmáti tr̥</b> [[overcome death]] (<b class="b2">odanéna</b> [[through rice-milk]] AV 4, 35). -- To be rejected Güntert Kalypso 161 ff. (agreeing Heubeck Würzb. Jb. 4, 218 A.): <b class="b3">νέ-κταρ</b> prop. "Nichttotsein" (to <b class="b3">κτέρες νεκροί</b> H.; but s. on [[κτέρας]]), not better Grošelj Razprave II 46 f.: to Lith. <b class="b2">nė̃koti</b> [[stir]], [[knead]]. New hypothesis by v. Windekens Rev.. belge de phil. 21, 146 ff.: to Toch. A <b class="b2">ñkät</b>, B <b class="b2">ñakte</b> [[god]]; thus Kretschmer WienAkAnz. 84, 13ff., but as Anatolian LW [loanword]. - Fur. 320 compares [[νικὰριον]], an [[eyesalve]]. If this is correct, the word is clearly Pre-Greek; he also points to the Pre-Greek words in <b class="b3">-αρ</b> (134 n. 75). He holds that the existing interpretations are too Indo-Iranian in character, not so much Greek.

|ftr='''νέκταρ''': -αρος<br />{néktar}<br />'''Grammar''': n.<br />'''Meaning''': [[der Nektar]], [[Göttertrank]] (ep. poet. seit Il.),<br />'''Composita''': als Vorderglied u.a. in [[νεκταροσταγής]] [[nektartriefend]] (Kom.).<br />'''Derivative''': Ableitungen: [[νεκτάρεος]] [[aus Nektar]], [[wie Nektar duftend]] (ep. poet. seit IL), -ώδης [[nektarähnlich]] (Gp.); [[νεκτάριον]] n. Pflanzenname = [[ἑλένιον]] (Dsk.), auch Bez. einer Arznei und verschiedener Augensalben (Gal.), mit [[νεκταρίτης]] ([[οἶνος]]) [[Wein mit [[νεκτάριον]] gewürzt]] (Dsk., Plin., Redard 98).<br />'''Etymology''': Im Gegensatz zum sinnverwandten [[ἀμβροσία]] (s. [[βροτός]]) ohne sichere Etymologie. Oft als Kompositum von νεκ- in νέκες (vgl. [[νέκυς]], [[νεκρός]]) und einem Verb [[hinübergelangen]], [[überwinden]] betrachtet, das u.a. in aind. ''tárati'' und als schwachstuflges Hinterglied in ''ap''-''túr'' [[die Wasser überquerend]], ''viśva''-''túr'' [[alles überwindend]] usw. vorliegt (vgl. [[τέρμα]]). So (nach Grimm u.a.) besonders Thieme Studien 5ff. mit ausführlicher Begründung und Kritik anderer Ansichten: [[νέκταρ]] eig. als Ausdruck der idg. Dichtersprache "das über die [Todes -]Vernichtung Hinwegrettende". Bedenken bei Leumann Gnomon 25, 190 f.; zustimmend Schmitt KZ 77, 88 mit Verweis auf aind. ''mr̥tyúmáti'' ''tr̥̄'' [[den Tod überwinden]] (''odanéna'' [[durch Reisbrei]] AV 4, 35). — Abzulehnen Güntert Kalypso 161 ff. (zustimmend Heubeck Würzb. Jb. 4, 218 A.): [[νέκταρ]] eig. "Nichttotsein" (zu [[κτέρες]]· νεκροί H.; aber s. zu [[κτέρας]]), nicht besser Grošelj Razprave II 46 f.: zu lit. ''nė̃koti'' [[anrühren]], [[kneten]]. Neue Hypothese hei v. Windekens Rev.. belge de phil. 21, 146 ff.: zu toch. A ''ñkät'', B ''ñakte'' [[Gott]]; ebenso Kretschmer WienAkAnz. 84, 13ff., aber als kleinas. LW.<br />'''Page''' 2,300-301