ὄρθρος: Difference between revisions

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 |Transliteration C=orthros
 |Beta Code=o)/rqros
-|Definition=ὁ, <span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> [[the time just before]] or [[about daybreak]], [[dawn]], [[cock-crow]] (ἀπ' ὄρθρου μέχρι περ ἂν ἥλιος ἀνάσχῃ <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>951d</span>), τάχα δ' ὄ. ἐγίγνετο δημιοεργός <span class="bibl"><span class="title">h.Merc.</span>98</span>; ἐπειδὰν ὄ. ᾖ <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ach.</span>256</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Av.</span>496</span>, etc.; ὄρθρου [[at dawn]], <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span>577</span>, <span class="bibl">Sopat.25</span>, <span class="bibl">Aristopho 10</span>; ὄρθρου γενομένου <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.198</span>; ἅμα ὄρθρῳ <span class="bibl">Id.7.188</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.3.112</span>, etc.; ἐς ὄρθρον <span class="bibl">Theoc.18.56</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyn.</span>6.6</span>; κατ' ὄρθρον <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">V.</span>772</span>; περὶ ὄρθρον <span class="bibl">Th.6.101</span> (cf. [[περίορθρος]]); <b class="b3">πρὸς ὄρθρον</b> towards [[dawn]], <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Lys.</span>1089</span>; πρὸς ὄρθρον γ' ἐστίν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ec.</span>20</span>; ὑπ' ὄρθρον <span class="bibl">Batr.103</span>; ὑπὸ τὸν ὄ. <span class="bibl">D.C.76.17</span>; <b class="b3">τὸν ὄ</b>., abs., [[in the morning]], <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.181</span>; <b class="b3">δι' ὄρθρων</b> each [[morning early]], <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">El.</span> 909</span>; <b class="b3">ὄ. βαθύς</b> dim [[morning twilight]], ἀλλὰ νῦν ὄ. β. <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">V.</span>216</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl. <span class="title">Cri.</span>43a</span>, <span class="bibl">Theoc.18.14</span>; τῆς παρελθούσης νυκτὸς... ἔτι βαθέος ὄ. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Prt.</span> 310a</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Luc.</span>24.1</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> Ὄρθρος, ὁ, a mythical dog, son of Typhaon and Echidna, that kept the herds of Geryoneus on the island Erytheia, and was there killed by Heracles, <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Th.</span>309</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">293</span> ([[varia lectio|v.l.]] [[Ὄρθος]]).</span>
+|Definition=ὁ,<br><span class="bld">A</span> [[the time just before daybreak]] or [[the time about daybreak]], [[dawn]], [[cock-crow]] (ἀπ' ὄρθρου μέχρι περ ἂν ἥλιος ἀνάσχῃ Pl.''Lg.''951d), τάχα δ' ὄ. ἐγίγνετο δημιοεργός ''h.Merc.''98; ἐπειδὰν ὄ. ᾖ Ar.''Ach.''256, cf. ''Av.''496, etc.; [[ὄρθρου]] = [[at dawn]], Hes.''Op.''577, Sopat.25, Aristopho 10; ὄρθρου γενομένου Hdt.1.198; ἅμα ὄρθρῳ Id.7.188, Th.3.112, etc.; ἐς ὄρθρον Theoc.18.56, cf. X.''Cyn.''6.6; κατ' ὄρθρον Ar.''V.''772; περὶ ὄρθρον Th.6.101 (cf. [[περίορθρος]]); <b class="b3">πρὸς ὄρθρον</b> towards [[dawn]], Ar.''Lys.''1089; πρὸς ὄρθρον γ' ἐστίν Id.''Ec.''20; ὑπ' ὄρθρον Batr.103; ὑπὸ τὸν ὄρθρον D.C.76.17; <b class="b3">τὸν ὄ</b>., abs., [[in the morning]], Hdt.4.181; <b class="b3">δι' ὄρθρων</b> each [[morning early]], E.''El.'' 909; <b class="b3">ὄρθρος βαθύς</b> dim [[morning twilight]], ἀλλὰ νῦν ὄ. β. Ar.''V.''216, cf. Pl. ''Cri.''43a, Theoc.18.14; τῆς παρελθούσης νυκτὸς... ἔτι βαθέος ὄ. Pl.''Prt.'' 310a, cf. ''Ev.Luc.''24.1.<br><span class="bld">II</span> Ὄρθρος, ὁ, a mythical dog, son of [[Typhaon]] and [[Echidna]], that kept the herds of [[Geryoneus]] on the island Erytheia, and was there killed by Heracles, Hes.''Th.''309, cf. 293 ([[varia lectio|v.l.]] [[Ὄρθος]]).
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 {{etym
-|etymtx=Grammatical information: m.<br />Meaning: [[time before daybreak]], [[the time of cock-crow]], [[first dawn]], later [[the beginning day]], [[morning]] (h.Merc. 98, Hes. Op. 577; on the meaning Wackernagel Unt. 193).<br />Compounds: Some compp., e.g. <b class="b3">ὀρθρο-βόας</b> m. "morning-caller", denom. of the cock (AP; cf. on <b class="b3">ἠϊ-κανός</b>), <b class="b3">τὸ περί-ορθρον</b> [[dawn]] (Th., Hdn.).<br />Derivatives: 1. Adj. <b class="b3">ὄρθρ-ιος</b> <b class="b2">belonging to ὄ., happening at ὄ.</b> (h. Merc. 143), [[Όρθρία]] f. name of a goddess (Schwenn RhM 86, 298); <b class="b3">-ινός</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (Arat., LXX, AP, cf. <b class="b3">ἑωθ-ινός</b> a.o.), <b class="b3">-ίδιος</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (AP: [[ἀΐδιος]] a.o.); comp. forms <b class="b3">ὀρθριαί-τερος</b>, <b class="b3">-τατος</b> (Hdn.), adv. also <b class="b3">ὀρθρί-τερον</b> (pap.) after <b class="b3">πρωΐ-</b>, <b class="b3">ὀψί-τερον</b> (Schwyzer 534, Radermacher Festschr. Kretschmer 154ff.). 2. Verbs: a) <b class="b3">ὀρθρ-εύω</b>, <b class="b3">-ομαι</b> [[to be sleepless]], [[awake in the early morning]] (E., Theoc.) with the backformation [[Ὄρθρος]] m. name of a mythical dog (Hes. Th. 309; Kretschmer Glotta 13, 270), with <b class="b3">ἐπ-</b> also to [[be up early]] (D. Chr., Luc.); b) <b class="b3">-ίζω</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (LXX, Ev. Luc.) with (<b class="b3">ἑπ-)ορθρισμός</b> m. (Aq, Plu.).<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European]X [probably] [cf. 1167]<br />Etymology: Already the meaning [[time before daybreak]], [[first light of the morning]] is not favourable to the old connection to Lat. ([[sol]]) [[oriens]], [[ortus]] m. <b class="b2">rise (of a star)</b>; if <b class="b3">Ϝορθ-αγορίσκος</b> stands for <b class="b3">*Ϝορθρ-</b> (cf. s.v.), this explanation is definitely impossible. Then [[ὄρθρος]] can better be connected with [[ὀρθός]] a. cogn., with which esp. the Slavic cognates, e.g. OCS [[ranъ]] [[ὄρθριος]] Russ. <b class="b2">ráno</b> [[early]] are remarkable. The supposed suffixdiff. in [[ranъ]] from <b class="b2">*u̯rōdh-no-</b> and <b class="b3">ὄρθ-ρος</b> has been explained from an old interchange [[n]] : [[r]] [which does not seem very probable]. Thus [[ὄρθρος]] would be prop. "the growing (of the daylight)" after the dark of midnight, what would agree better with the orig. use of [[ὄρθρος]]. -- Lit. s. on [[ὀρθός]] (after J. Schmidt KZ 33. 456f., Lidén GHÅ 5 [1899] 23f.); Benveniste Origines 19.
+|etymtx=Grammatical information: m.<br />Meaning: [[time before daybreak]], [[the time of cock-crow]], [[first dawn]], later [[the beginning day]], [[morning]] (h.Merc. 98, Hes. Op. 577; on the meaning Wackernagel Unt. 193).<br />Compounds: Some compp., e.g. <b class="b3">ὀρθρο-βόας</b> m. "morning-caller", denom. of the cock (AP; cf. on <b class="b3">ἠϊ-κανός</b>), <b class="b3">τὸ περί-ορθρον</b> [[dawn]] (Th., Hdn.).<br />Derivatives: 1. Adj. <b class="b3">ὄρθρ-ιος</b> <b class="b2">belonging to ὄ., happening at ὄ.</b> (h. Merc. 143), [[Όρθρία]] f. name of a goddess (Schwenn RhM 86, 298); <b class="b3">-ινός</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (Arat., LXX, AP, cf. <b class="b3">ἑωθ-ινός</b> a.o.), <b class="b3">-ίδιος</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (AP: [[ἀΐδιος]] a.o.); comp. forms <b class="b3">ὀρθριαί-τερος</b>, <b class="b3">-τατος</b> (Hdn.), adv. also <b class="b3">ὀρθρί-τερον</b> (pap.) after <b class="b3">πρωΐ-</b>, <b class="b3">ὀψί-τερον</b> (Schwyzer 534, Radermacher Festschr. Kretschmer 154ff.). 2. Verbs: a) <b class="b3">ὀρθρ-εύω</b>, <b class="b3">-ομαι</b> [[to be sleepless]], [[awake in the early morning]] (E., Theoc.) with the backformation [[Ὄρθρος]] m. name of a mythical dog (Hes. Th. 309; Kretschmer Glotta 13, 270), with <b class="b3">ἐπ-</b> also to [[be up early]] (D. Chr., Luc.); b) <b class="b3">-ίζω</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (LXX, Ev. Luc.) with (<b class="b3">ἑπ-)ορθρισμός</b> m. (Aq, Plu.).<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European]X [probably] [cf. 1167]<br />Etymology: Already the meaning [[time before daybreak]], [[first light of the morning]] is not favourable to the old connection to Lat. ([[sol]]) [[oriens]], [[ortus]] m. <b class="b2">rise (of a star)</b>; if <b class="b3">Ϝορθ-αγορίσκος</b> stands for <b class="b3">*Ϝορθρ-</b> (cf. s.v.), this explanation is definitely impossible. Then [[ὄρθρος]] can better be connected with [[ὀρθός]] a. cogn., with which esp. the Slavic cognates, e.g. OCS [[ranъ]] [[ὄρθριος]] Russ. <b class="b2">ráno</b> [[early]] are remarkable. The supposed suffixdiff. in [[ranъ]] from <b class="b2">*u̯rōdh-no-</b> and <b class="b3">ὄρθ-ρος</b> has been explained from an old interchange [[n]] : [[r]] [which does not seem very probable]. Thus [[ὄρθρος]] would be prop. "the growing (of the daylight)" after the dark of midnight, what would agree better with the orig. use of [[ὄρθρος]]. -- Lit. s. on [[ὀρθός]] (after J. Schmidt KZ 33. 456f., Lidén GHÅ 5 [1899] 23f.); Benveniste Origines 19.
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 {{FriskDe
 |ftr='''ὄρθρος''': {órthros}<br />'''Grammar''': m.<br />'''Meaning''': [[Zeit vor Tagesanbruch]], [[die Zeit des Hahnenschreis]], [[erste Morgendämmerung]], später [[der beginnende Tag]], [[Morgen]] (seit ''h''.''Merc''. 98, Hes. ''Op''. 577; zur Bed. Wackernagel Unt. 193).<br />'''Composita''' : Vereinzelte Kompp., z.B. [[ὀρθροβόας]] m. "Dämmerungsrufer", Ben. des Hahns (''AP'' u.a.; vgl. zu ἠϊκανός), τὸ [[περίορθρον]] [[Morgendämmerung]] (Th., Hdn.).<br />'''Derivative''': Davon 1. die Adj. [[ὄρθριος]] ‘zum ὄ. gehörig, am ὄ. eintreffend’ (seit ''h''. ''Merc''. 143), Ὀρθρία f. N. einer Göttin (Schwenn RhM 86, 298); -ινός ib. (Arat., LXX, ''AP'', vgl. [[ἑωθινός]] u.a.), -ίδιος ib. (''AP'': [[ἀΐδιος]] u.a.); Steigerungsformen ὀρθριαίτερος, τατος (Hdn.), Adv. auch [[ὀρθρίτερον]] (Pap.) nach [[πρωΐ]]-, [[ὀψίτερον]] (Schwyzer 534, Radermacher Festschr. Kretschmer 154ff.). 2. Verha: a) [[ὀρθρεύω]], -ομαι [[in der Morgenfrühe schlaflos sein]], [[wach sein]] (E., Theok.) mit der Rückbildung Ὄρθρος m. N. eines mythischen Hundes (Hes. ''Th''. 309; Kretschmer Glotta 13, 270), mit ἐπ- auch [[früh aufsein]] (D. Chr., Luk. u.a.); b) -ίζω ib. (LXX, ''Ev''. ''Luk''.) mit (ἑπ-)ορθρισμός m. (Aq, Plu.).<br />'''Etymology''' : Schon die Bed. [[Zeit vor Tagesanbruch]], [[erste Morgendämmerung]] ist der älteren Anknüpfung an lat. (''sol'') ''oriens'', ''ortus'' m. ‘Aufgang (eines Gestirns)’ nicht ganz günstig; wenn ϝορθαγορίσκος für *ϝορθρ- steht (vgl. s.v.), fällt diese Erklärung endgültig aus. Dann reiht sich [[ὄρθρος]] besser an [[ὀρθός]] u. Verw., wobei insbes. die slavischen Vertreter, z.B. aksl. ''ranъ'' [[ὄρθριος]] russ. ''ráno'' [[früh]] zu bemerken sind. Der anzunehmende Suffixwechsel in ''ranъ'' aus *''u̯rōdh''-''no''- und [[ὄρθρος]] kann dabei auf einen alten Stammwechsel ''n'' : ''r'' zurückgehen. Somit wäre [[ὄρθρος]] eig. "das Heranwachsen (des Tageslichts)" nach dem Mitternachtsdunkel, was unzweifelhaft dem urspr. Gebrauch von [[ὄρθρος]] besser gerecht wird. — Lit. s. zu [[ὀρθός]] (nach J. Schmidt KZ 33. 456f., Lidén GHÅ 5 [1899] 23f. u. a.); Benveniste Origines 19.<br />'''Page''' 2,416-417
+}}
+{{wkpen
+|wketx=Orthros (Greek: ὄρθρος, meaning "early dawn" or "daybreak") or Oútrenya (Slavonic Оўтреня), in the Byzantine Rite of the Eastern Orthodox Church and the Eastern Catholic Churches, is the last of the four night offices (church services), the other three being vespers, compline, and midnight office. Traditionally, in monasteries it is held daily so as to end immediately following sunrise, in contrast to parishes where it is held only on Sundays and feast days. It is often called matins after the office it most nearly corresponds to in Western Christian churches.
+}}
+{{wkpel
+|wkeltx=Ο όρθρος είναι χρονικό διάστημα λίγο πριν από την ανατολή του ήλιου. Είναι μέρος μέτρησης της ημέρας που κληρονομείται από τη ρωμαϊκή περίοδο και διατηρείται ακόμη στον Χριστιανισμό (Ορθοδοξία, Καθολικισμός, Αγγλικανισμός, Λουθηρανισμός κ.ά.). Συγκεκριμένα, το 24ωρο αρχίζει από την αρχή της νύχτας και χωρίζεται σε 7 καιρούς: τρεις της νύχτας (εσπέρας, μεσονύχτιο και όρθρος) και τέσσερις της ημέρας (α´ ώρα, γ´ ώρα, στ´ ώρα και θ´ ώρα).
+Στη λειτουργική ζωή της Εκκλησίας, Όρθρος ονομάζεται η πρωινή ακολουθία που τελείται πριν από τη Θεία Λειτουργία, αν και μπορεί να τελεσθεί και ανεξάρτητα κατά τις πρωινές ώρες. Η Εκκλησία το πρωί ξεκινά τη λατρεία της με την ακολουθία του όρθρου, που είναι από τις αρχαιότερες στον χώρο της.
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