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κορβᾶν: Difference between revisions
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|Transliteration C=korvan | |Transliteration C=korvan | ||
|Beta Code=korba=n | |Beta Code=korba=n | ||
|Definition=(indecl.), Hebr. | |Definition=(indecl.), Hebr. qorbān, [[korban]], [[gift for the service of God]] or [[votive offering for the service of God]], Ev.Marc.7.11, <span class="bibl">J.<span class="title">AJ</span>4.4.4</span>:—hence [[κορβανᾶς]], ὁ, the [[treasury of the temple]] at [[Jerusalem]], <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Matt.</span>27.6</span>, <span class="bibl">J.<span class="title">BJ</span>2.9.4</span> ([[varia lectio|v.l.]] [[κορβωνᾶς]]). | ||
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|mdlsjtxt=[indecl. [[Hebrew]] [[word]]<br />a [[gift]] or [[votive]] [[offering]] for the [[service]] of God, NTest.:—[[hence]] [[κορβανᾶς]], ὁ, the [[treasury]] of the [[temple]] at [[Jerusalem]], NTest. | |mdlsjtxt=[indecl. [[Hebrew]] [[word]]<br />a [[gift]] or [[votive]] [[offering]] for the [[service]] of God, NTest.:—[[hence]] [[κορβανᾶς]], ὁ, the [[treasury]] of the [[temple]] at [[Jerusalem]], NTest. | ||
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|wketx=In Judaism, the [[korban]] ([[קָרְבָּן]], qorbān), also spelled [[qorban]] or [[corban]], is any of a variety of sacrificial offerings described and commanded in the Torah. The plural form is korbanot, korbanoth, or korbans. | |||
The term korban primarily refers to sacrificial offerings given from humans to God for the purpose of doing homage, winning favor, or securing pardon. The object sacrificed was usually an animal that was ritually slaughtered and then transferred from the human to the divine realm by being burned on an altar. | |||
After the destruction of the Second Temple, sacrifices were prohibited because there was no longer a Temple, the only place allowed by halakha for sacrifices. Offering of sacrifices was briefly reinstated during the Jewish–Roman wars of the second century AD and was continued in certain communities thereafter. | |||
When sacrifices were offered in ancient times, they were offered as a fulfillment of Biblical commandments. Since there is no longer a Temple, modern religious Jews instead pray or give tzedakah to atone for their sins as the korban would have accomplished. According to Orthodox Judaism, the coming of the messiah will not remove the requirement to keep the 613 commandments, and when the Temple is rebuilt, sacrifices will be offered again. | |||
The Semitic root qrb (קרב) means 'be near' and is found in a number of related languages in addition to Hebrew, e.g. in the Akkadian language noun aqribtu, meaning 'act of offering'. In Hebrew it is found in a number of words, such as qarov, 'close', qerovim, 'relatives', and the hifʕil verb form hiqriv, 'he brought near; offered a sacrifice'. The feminine noun korban (plural korbanot, קָרְבֳּנוֹת) first occurs in the Bible in Leviticus 1:2 and occurs 80 times in the Masoretic Text; 40 times in Leviticus, 38 in Numbers and twice in Ezekiel. The related form qurban appears only in the Book of Nehemiah 10:35 and Nehemiah 13:31, meaning 'wood offering'. The etymology of the 'offer' sense is traditionally understood as deriving from the verbal sense of 'bringing near', viz. bringing the offering near to the deity, but some theological explanations see it rather as bringing "man back to God". | |||
The Septuagint generally translates the term in Koine Greek as δῶρον, 'gift', θυσία, 'sacrifice', or προσφορά, 'offering up'. By the Second Temple period, Hellenistic Jewish texts use korban specifically to mean a vow. The New Testament preserves korban once as a transliterated loan-word for a vow, once also a related noun, κορβανάς ('temple treasury'), otherwise using δῶρον, θυσία or προσφορά and other terms drawn from the Septuagint. Josephus also generally uses other words for 'offering' but uses korban for the vow of the Nazirites (Antiquities of the Jews 4:73 / 4,4,4) and cites Theophrastus as having cited a korban vow among the Tyrians (Against Apion 1.167 / 1,22,4). | |||
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{{Chinese | {{Chinese | ||
|sngr='''原文音譯'''：korb©n 可而班<br />'''詞類次數'''：名詞（2）<br />'''原文字根'''：奉獻 相當於： （[[קָרְבָּן]]‎ / [[קֻרְבָּן]]‎）<br />'''字義溯源'''：許願的奉獻，各耳板，禮物，殿裏的財庫，庫，獻給神的禮物；源自希伯來文（[[קָרְבָּן]]‎ / [[קֻרְבָּן]]‎）=各耳板帶到壇旁，而 （[[קָרְבָּן]]‎ / [[קֻרְבָּן]]‎）出自（[[קָרַב]]‎）=接近）。註：這字的音譯：各耳板；意譯：許願的奉獻。參讀 （[[δόμα]]）同義字<br />'''出現次數'''：總共（2）；太（1）；可（1）<br />'''譯字彙編'''：<br />1） 各耳板（1） 可7:11；<br />2） 庫（1） 太27:6 | |sngr='''原文音譯'''：korb©n 可而班<br />'''詞類次數'''：名詞（2）<br />'''原文字根'''：奉獻 相當於： （[[קָרְבָּן]]‎ / [[קֻרְבָּן]]‎）<br />'''字義溯源'''：許願的奉獻，各耳板，禮物，殿裏的財庫，庫，獻給神的禮物；源自希伯來文（[[קָרְבָּן]]‎ / [[קֻרְבָּן]]‎）=各耳板帶到壇旁，而 （[[קָרְבָּן]]‎ / [[קֻרְבָּן]]‎）出自（[[קָרַב]]‎）=接近）。註：這字的音譯：各耳板；意譯：許願的奉獻。參讀 （[[δόμα]]）同義字<br />'''出現次數'''：總共（2）；太（1）；可（1）<br />'''譯字彙編'''：<br />1） 各耳板（1） 可7:11；<br />2） 庫（1） 太27:6 | ||
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