ὕδωρ: Difference between revisions

|Definition=[ῠ, v. fin.], τό, gen. [[ὕδατος]]: an Ep. dat. [[ὕδει]] in Hes.Op.61, Thgn.961; later nom.<br><span class="bld">A</span> ὕδος Call.Fr.475; Boeot. [[οὕδωρ]] prob. in IG7.3169 (Orchom.):—[[water]], of any kind, but in Hom. rarely of seawater without an [[epithet]], ἄνεμός τε καὶ ὕ. Od.3.300, 7.277; but ἁλμυρὸν ὕδωρ 9.227, al., cf. Th.4.26; of [[river]]s, ὕδωρ Αἰσήποιο, ὕδωρ Στυγός, Il.2.825, 8.369, al.; so in Lyr. and Trag., ὕ, Ἀσώπιον Pi.N. 3.3; ὕδωρ τὸ Νείλου A.Supp.561 (lyr.): freq. in plural (but only once in Hom., [[ὕδατ]]' ἀενάοντα Od.13.109), [[Καφίσια ὕδατα]] = the [[waters]] of [[Cephisus]], Pi.O.14.1; ῥυτῶν ὑδάτων S.OC1599; ὕδασιν τοίς Ἀχελῴου Id.Fr.271 (anap.): [[spring water]], [[drinking water]], οἶνον ἔμισγον καὶ ὕδωρ Od.1.110; ἀφυσσάμεθ' ὕδωρ 9.85; ὕδατα καὶ . . δῖτοι Pl.R.404a; πότιμον ὕδωρ X.HG3.2.19; ὕδωρ [[πίνων]] = a [[water]]-[[drinker]], D.6.30, cf. 19.46, Ar.Eq.349; [[ὕδωρ δὲ πίνων οὐδὲν ἂν τέκοι σοφόν]] = [[by drinking water you would never create anything great]] Cratin.199, cf. Aristopho 10.3, Bato 2.9, al.: [[ὕδωρ κατὰ χειρός]] [[water]] for washing the hands, v. [[χείρ]]; φέρτε χερσὶν ὕ. Il.9.171; ὕδωρ ἐπὶ χεῖρας ἔχευαν 3.270, Od.1.146, al.; λοέσσας ὕδατι λευκῷ Il.23.282:—on [[γῆ]]ν καὶ ὕδωρ [[αἰτεῖν]] and [[διδόναι]], v. [[γῆ]] 1.2b:—a [[curse]] was invoked upon those who refused [[fire]] (i.e. the right to [[borrow]] [[burning]] embers) or [[water]] or to [[direct]] a [[traveller]] on his way, Diph.62, cf. X.Oec.2.15:—[[proverb|prov.]], [[ὅρκους ἐγὼ γυναικὸς εἰς ὕδωρ γράφω]] = the [[oath]]s of a [[woman]] I [[inscribe]] on [[water]], I [[write]] a [[woman]]'s [[oath]]s in [[water]] S.Fr.811, cf. Men.Mon.25; ἐν ὕδατι γράφειν Pl.Phdr.276c; ὅταν τὸ ὕδωρ πνίγῃ, τί δεῖ [[ἐπιπίνειν]]; if [[water]] [[choke]]s, what more can be done ? of a [[desperate]] [[cas]]e, Arist.EN1146a35, cf. [[ἐπιρροφέω]] ''1''.<br><span class="bld">2</span> [[rainwater]], [[rain]], ὅτε λαβρότατον χέει ὕδωρ [[Ζεύς]] = [[when]] [[Zeus]] [[pour]]s down [[rain]] most [[violently]], Il.16.385; ὗσαι ὕδατι λαβροτάτῳ Hdt.1.87; ἐγίνετο ὕδωρ ἄπλετον Id.8.12; πολύ Th.6.70, D.59.99; ὕδωρ ἐπιγενόμενον πολύ X.HG1.6.28; τὸ ὕδωρ τὸ γενόμενον τῆς νυκτός Th.2.5, cf. Hdt.8.13: more definitely, ὕδωρ ἐζ οὐρανοῦ X.An. 4.2.2, Aristid.Or.50(26).35 (but [[ἐζ οὐρανοῦ]] is a gloss in Th.2.77): pl., ὕδατα ὄμβρια Pi.O.11(10).2; τὰ Διὸς ὕδατα, or τὰ παρὰ τοῦ Διὸς ὕδατα Pl.Lg.761a, 761b; τὸ ἐκ Διὸς ὕδωρ Thphr.HP2.6.5; [[καινὸν ἀεὶ τὸν Δία ὕειν ὕδωρ]], [[ὕδωρ τὸν θεὸν ποιῆσαι]], Ar.Nu.1280, V.261 (lyr.), cf. Thphr.Char.3.4: abs., ἐὰν πλείω ποιῇ ὕδωρ Id.CP1.19.3: [[κεραύνια ὕδατα]] = [[thunder]]-[[shower]]s, Plu.2.664f; ὕδατα πολλά, συνεχέα [[μαλθακῶς]] Hp.Epid.1.1.<br><span class="bld">3</span> for ἐν ὕδατι [[βρέχεσθαι]], Hdt.3.104, v. [[βρέχω]].<br><span class="bld">4</span> in the [[law]]-[[court]]s, τὸ [[ὕδωρ]] was the [[water]] of the [[water clock]] ([[κλεψύδρα]]), and hence [[the time it took in running out]], ἂν ἐγχωρῇ τὸ ὕδωρ D.44.45; οὐχ ἱκανόν μοι τὸὕ. Id.45.47; [[ἐν τῷ ἐμῷ ὕδωρ]], [[ἐπὶ τοῦ ἐμοῦ ὕδωρ]], [[in the time allowed me]], Id.18.139, 57.61; [[οὐκ ἐνδέχεται πρὸς ταὐτὸ ὕδωρ εἰπεῖν]] = one cannot [[say]] (all) in one [[speech]], Id.27.12; τὸ ὕδωρ ἀναλῶσαι Din.2.6; πρὸς ὕδωρ σμικρὸν διδάξαι Pl.Tht.201b; ἐν μικρῷ μέρει τοῦ παντὸς ὕ. D.29.9; [[ἐπίλαβε τὸ ὕδωρ]] = [[stop]] the [[water]] (which was done while the speech was interrupted by the calling of evidence and reading of documents), Id.45.8; ἐγχεῖται τὸ μὲν πρῶτον ὕδωρ τῷ κατηγόρῳ... τὸ δὲ δεύτερον ὕδωρ τῷ φεύγοντι Aeschin.3.197; [[ἀποδιδόναι]], [[παραδιδόναι]] τινὶ τὸ ὕδωρ, to [[give]] him the [[turn]] of [[speaking]], Id.1.162, Din.1.114.<br><span class="bld">5</span> generally, [[liquid]], ὕδατος εἴδη τὰ τοιάδε· [[οἶνος]], [[οὖρον]], [[ὀρός]] Arist.Mete.382b13, cf. Hp.Cord.12.<br><span class="bld">II</span> part of the constellation Aquarius, Arat.399.<br><span class="bld">2</span> a name for the winter solstice, Paul.Al.A.4.<br><span class="bld">III</span> [[Ὕδατα]], [[τά]], as the name of [[place]]s with [[hot]] or [[mineral]] [[waters]], [[Ὕδατα Σέζτια]], Lat. [[Aquae Sextiae]], [[Ὕδατα Νεαπολιτανά]], [[Aquae Neapolitanae]] or [[Aquae Calidae Neapolitanorum]] etc., Ptol.Geog.2.10.8, 3.3.7, etc. [ῠ by nature, ὕδωρ Il. 18.347, al. (usu. with [[ὕδωρ]] when not at end of line), ὕδατος 16.229, al., ὕδατι Od.12.363, al., ὕδατ' 13.109, and so always in Att. (exc. sometimes in dactylic verse, Ar.Ra.1339); Hom. freq. has [[ὕδωρ]] (always at end of line exc. in phrase [[Στυγὸς ὕδωρ]] Il.15.37), also ὕδατος Il. 21.300,312, Od.5.475, ὕδατι Il.23.282, Od.22.439; later Ep. admits [[ὕδωρ]] more freely, A.R.4.601, so that we find ῡ in the second half of the foot in h.Cer.381, Batr.97, A.R.4.290, etc.; also in Alc.Supp.11.8.] (Cf. Skt. udán-, gen. udn-ás '[[water]]', OE. woeter, O Norse vatn; I.-E. u(e)d- with suffix r alternating with n (ὕδ-ṇ-τος): cogn. with Skt. u-ná-t-ti (root ud-), 3pl. u-n-d-ánti '[[moisten]]', cf. Lat. [[unda]].)