ὅρκος: Difference between revisions

|Definition=ὁ, <span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> the [[object]] by which one [[swear]]s, as the [[Styx]] among the gods, Στυγὸς [[ὕδωρ]], ὅς τε μέγιστος ὅρκος δεινότατός τε πέλει μακάρεσσι θεοῖσι <span class="bibl">Il. 15.38</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">2.755</span>, <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Th.</span>400</span>,<span class="bibl">784</span>,<span class="bibl">805</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">h.Cer.</span>259</span>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Metaph.</span>983b31</span>; or as [[Zeus]] among mortals, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>4.167</span>; so of things, ὅρκον δ' ἐνοσφίσθης μέγαν, ἅλας τε καὶ τράπεζαν <span class="bibl">Archil.96</span>; οἷς ἦν μέγιστος ὅ . .. [[κύων]], ἔπειτα χήν <span class="bibl">Cratin.231</span>, cf. <span class="title">Placit.</span>1.3.8 : hence, </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> [[oath]], mostly with [[epithet]] [[μέγας]], [[καρτερός]], Hom. (v. infr.), etc.; <b class="b3">θεῶν ὅρκος</b> an [[oath]] by the [[god]]s, <span class="bibl">Od.2.377</span>; μακάρων ὅ. <span class="bibl">10.299</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>647</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hipp.</span> 657</span>; ὅ. ἐκ θεῶν μέγας <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>1284</span>; ὅρκος κατὰ τῶν . . [[ὀφθαλμός|ὀφθαλμῶν]] <span class="bibl">Aeschin.2.153</span>; <b class="b3">ὅρκος πλατύς</b> a [[firm]]-based [[oath]], <span class="bibl">Emp.30.3</span>; <b class="b3">ὅρκον ὀμόσαι</b> [[swear]] an [[oath]], ὄμοσέν τε τελεύτησέν τε τὸν ὅ. <span class="bibl">Od.2.378</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">ὅρκον ἀπώμνυ</b> ib.<span class="bibl">377</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">10.381</span>; ἐπὶ δ' ὅρκον ὀμεῖται <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span>194</span>; κατομόσαι <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">IT</span>790</span>; <b class="b3">ὅρκον ἐπιορκῆσαι</b> [[take a false oath]], <span class="bibl">Aeschin.1.115</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">ὅρκου προστεθέντος</b> when an [[oath]] is [[add]]ed, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Fr.</span>472</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">El.</span>47</span>; <b class="b3">δαίμονι τῷ Πλεισθενιδῶν ὅρκους θεμένη</b> having made a [[sworn]] [[compact]] with... <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>1570</span> (anap.); ὅ. ἀλλήλοις ποιοῦνται οἱ μὲν ἔφοροι ὑπὲρ τῆς πόλεως, βασιλεὺς δ' ὑπὲρ ἑαυτοῦ <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Lac.</span>15.7</span>; ὅρκους συνῆψαν <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ph.</span>1241</span>, etc.; of the person demanding the [[oath]], <b class="b3">ὅ. ἑλέσθαι τινός</b> or [[τινί]] [[take]] [[it]] of him, i.e. [[make]] him [[swear]], <span class="bibl">Od.4.746</span>, <span class="bibl">Il.22.119</span>; <b class="b3">ὅρκους ἐπελάσαι</b> and <b class="b3">προσάγειν τινί</b> [[lay]] [[oath]] upon a man, put him on his [[oath]], <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.146</span>, <span class="bibl">6.62</span>,<span class="bibl">74</span>; <b class="b3">τὸν ὅ… ἐπάγειν . . Ὀποντίοις</b> [[readminister]] the [[oath]], IG9(1).334.12 (Locr., v B. C.); <b class="b3">ὅρκους δοὺς καὶ δεξάμενος</b> after tendering [[his oath]] to them and accepting theirs, <span class="bibl">Hdt.6.23</span>, cf. <span class="title">IG</span>12.52.18, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Eu.</span> 429</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ra.</span>589</span>, <span class="bibl">D.39.3</span> and 4; so ὅρκον [[διδόναι]] καὶ [[λαμβάνειν]] <span class="bibl">Arist. <span class="title">Rh.</span>1377a7</span>, <span class="bibl">8</span>; [[ἀποδοῦναι]] take [[it]] oneself, <span class="bibl">D.19.318</span>, <span class="bibl">Aeschin.3.74</span>; [[ἀπολαμβάνειν]] = [[administer]] or [[tender]] [[it]], <span class="bibl">D.5.9</span>, <span class="bibl">18.25</span>; <b class="b3">ὅρκους καὶ πίστιν ἀλλήλοις δότε</b> [[swear to]] one another, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Lys.</span>1185</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">And.1.107</span>; <b class="b3">ὅρκοις καταλαβὼν τὰ τέλη</b> having bound the authorities [[by oaths]], <span class="bibl">Th. 4.86</span>; ὅρκοις κατειλημμένους <span class="bibl">Id.1.9</span>; <b class="b3">ὅρκῳ ἐμμένειν</b> [[abide]] by it, <span class="bibl">E. <span class="title">Med.</span>754</span>; ὅ. [[τηρεῖν]] <span class="bibl">Democr.239</span>; [[παραβαίνειν]] <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Fr.</span>286.7</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Av.</span> 332</span>, <span class="bibl">D.19.318</span>; ἐκβάντι τῶν ὅρκων <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Smp.</span>183b</span>; [[ἐκλιπεῖν]] <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Supp.</span>1194</span>; συγχέαι <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Hipp.</span>1063</span>; ἐμπεδοῦν <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>3.2.10</span>: after [[ὅρκος]] aor., pres., or fut. inf. may refer to fut. time, ὤμοσα καρτερὸν ὅ., μὴ . . ἀναφῆναι <span class="bibl">Od.4.253</span>; <b class="b3">ἐμεῦ δ' ἕλετο μέγαν ὅρκον, μὴ πρὶν σοὶ ἐρέειν</b> ib.<span class="bibl">746</span>; ὅρκους ἔδοσαν καὶ ἔλαβον, ἀποδοῦναι... Ἀθηναίους δὲ μὴ πολεμεῖν . . <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>1.3.9</span> : with Preps., οὐκ αὔτως... ἀλλὰ σὺν ὅρκῳ <span class="bibl">Od.14.151</span>; σὺν θεῶν ὅρκῳ <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>2.3.12</span>; <b class="b3">εἶπαι ἐπ' ὅρκου</b> say on [[oath]], <span class="bibl">Hdt.9.11</span>; κατὰ τοὺς ὅρκους <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>5.4.54</span>; opp. παρ' ὅρκον <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>13.83</span>; παρὰ τοὺς ὅρκους <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>2.5.41</span>: [[proverb|prov.]], [[ὅρκους ἐγὼ γυναικὸς εἰς ὕδωρ γράφω]] = [[the oaths of a woman I inscribe on water]], [[I write a woman's oaths in water]] <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Fr.</span>811</span>; parodied by <span class="bibl">Philonid. 7</span> ὅρκους δὲ [[μοιχός|μοιχῶν]] εἰς [[τέφρα]]ν ἐγὼ γράφω = the [[oath]]s of [[adulterer]]s I write on [[ash]]es, cf. <span class="bibl">Xenarch.6</span>, <span class="bibl">Men. <span class="title">Mon.</span>25</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> [[Ὅρκος]], personified, son of [[Eris]], <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span>804</span>; a [[divinity]] who [[punish]]es the false and [[perjure]]d, ib.<span class="bibl">219</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Th.</span>231</span>, Orac. ap.<span class="bibl">Hdt.6.86</span>.γ; <b class="b3">Διὸς Ὅρκος</b>, as [[servant]] of [[Zeus]], <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>1767</span> (anap.). (Cogn. with [[ἕρκος]].) </span>