κάρυον: Difference between revisions

|Definition=[ᾰ], τό, any kind of <span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> [[nut]], <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">V.</span>58</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Pl.</span>1056</span>, <span class="bibl">Theoc.9.21</span>; [[κάρυα]], = [[ἀκρόδρυα]], <span class="bibl">Ath.2.52a</span> (but τὰ κ. ἢ… τὰ ἀκρόδρυα <span class="bibl">Thphr.<span class="title">Char.</span> 11.4</span>); <b class="b3">κ. πλατέα</b>, i.e. [[filberts]], <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>5.4.29</span>; especially of [[walnuts]], <span class="bibl">Batr. 31</span>, <span class="bibl">Epich.150</span>, <span class="bibl">Philyll.25</span>, Gal.6.609; but this is prop. <b class="b3">κ. βασιλικόν</b>, <span class="bibl">Thphr.<span class="title">CP</span>4.2.1</span>, <span class="bibl">Agatharch.96</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PCair.Zen.</span>13.6</span> (iii B. C.), Dsc.1.125; or [[Περσικόν]] ibid.; <b class="b3">κ. Εὐβοϊκόν</b> [[sweet chestnut]], <span class="bibl">Thphr.<span class="title">HP</span>1.11.3</span>,<span class="bibl">4.5.4</span>; also [[κασταναϊκόν]] ib.<span class="bibl">4.8.11</span>, <span class="bibl">Agatharch.43</span>; <b class="b3">κ. Ἡρακλεωτικόν</b> [[filbert]], <span class="bibl">Thphr.<span class="title">CP</span>4.2.1</span>, <span class="title">IG</span>22.1013.19; also κ. Ποντικόν <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PCair.Zen.</span>12.48</span> (iii B. C.), Dsc. 1.125, Ruf. ap. <span class="bibl">Orib.8.47.20</span>; <b class="b3">κ. πικρά</b> [[almonds]], Archig. ap.Gal.12.409, Erot. [[sub verbo|s.v.]] [[νίωπον]]; so κ. alone, <span class="bibl">[[LXX]] <span class="title">Nu.</span>17.8</span>, <span class="bibl">Ph.2.162</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> [[nut-shaped boss]] as ornament, <span class="title">OGI</span>214.49 (Branchidae, iii B. C.). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> [[stone]], [[kernel]], <span class="bibl">Thphr.<span class="title">HP</span>3.9.5</span>; <b class="b3">κ. κοκκυμήλου</b> ib.<span class="bibl">4.2.5</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> [[seed]] of conifers, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">CP</span>1.19.1</span>; <b class="b3">κ. πιτύϊνα</b> pine-[[kernels]], <span class="bibl">Diocl.Fr.127</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">III</span> = [[ἠρύγγη]], Dsc.3.21.</span>

|elnltext=κάρυον -ου, τό noot (van plant, boom).

|etymtx=Grammatical information: n.<br />Meaning: [[nut]] (Epich., Ar., Thphr.).<br />Compounds: Compp., e. g. <b class="b3">καρυο-ναύτης</b> [[wo sails in a nut]] (Lyc.); <b class="b3">καρυό-φυλλον</b> [[dried flower-but of the clove]], [[Eugenia caryophyllata]] (medic.), folketymological adaptation of a loan (Skt. <b class="b2">kaṭuka-phalam</b>?; s. Maidhof Glotta 10, 11.).<br />Derivatives: 1. [[καρύα]] f. [[walnut-tree]], esp. [[hazel]], [[Corylus avellana]] (S., LXX, Thphr. usw.; on the gender Schwyzer-Debrunner 30). 2. Diminut.: [[καρύδιον]] (Philyll. 19) with [[καρυδόω]] [[castrate]], [[καρύδωσις]] (Hippiatr.); [[καρυΐσκος]] (LXX). 3. Adject.: <b class="b3">καρύ-ϊνος</b> [[of nuts]], [[nut-brown etc.]], <b class="b3">-ώδης</b>, <b class="b3">-ηρός</b> [[nut-like]] (hell.); [[καρυωτός]] [[with nut-like hump or fruit]] (= [[date-tree]]), [[καρυῶτις]] f. [[kind of date]] (hell.); substant. [[καρυΐτης]] [[kind of Euphorbia]] (Dsc.; Strömberg Pflanzennamen 53, Redard Les noms grecs en <b class="b3">-της</b> 72). 4. Adverb: [[καρυηδόν]] [[like nuts]] (medic.). 5. Verb: [[καρυατίζω]] [[play with nuts]] (Ph.; after the verbs in <b class="b3">-ατίζω</b>). - A further plural-form in <b class="b3">καρυήματα κάρυα</b>. [[Λάκωνες]] H. (after [[τραγήματα]] a. o.; Schwyzer 523, Chantraine Formation 178, Fraenkel Glotta 32, 26).<br />Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]<br />Etymology: All compared words differ from [[κάρυον]] and from one amother: Lat. [[carīna]] [[ships keel]] (since Enn. and Plaut.), [[shell of a nut]] (Plin.), Welsh [[ceri]] (< <b class="b2">*carīso-</b>) [[pit of fruit]]; Skt. [[karaka-]] m. <b class="b2">(shell of the) coco(a)-nut</b> (lex.), [[jar for water]]. Other doubts are: for Lat. [[carīna]] a Greek loan (from [[καρύϊνος]] = *`like a nut-shell' > [[ships keel]]?) as been supposed (W.-Hofmann s. v.); the priority of the meaning [[coco-nut]] beside [[water-jar]] for [[karaka-]] is doubted by Mayrhofer, see EWAia III 59 (later form). - The connection with a group <b class="b2">*kar-</b> [[heart]] (Pok. 531f.) is completely hypothetical. - Beside it occurs <b class="b3">ἄρυα τὰ ΏΗρακλεωτικὰ κάρυα</b> H., which suggests a Pre-Greek form, Fur. 591.

|ftr='''κάρυον''': {káruon}<br />'''Grammar''': n.<br />'''Meaning''': [[Nuß]] (Epich., Ar., Thphr. usw.).<br />'''Composita''': Kompp., z. B. καρυσναύτης [[der in einer Nuß fährt]] (Lyk.); [[καρυόφυλλον]] [[getrocknete Blumenknospe des Gewürznelkenbaums]], [[Eugenia caryophyllata]] (Mediz.), volksetymologische Umbildung eines Fremdworts (aind. ''kaṭuka''-''phalam''?; s. Maidhof Glotta 10, 11 m. Lit.).<br />'''Derivative''': Mehrere Ableitungen. 1. [[καρύα]] f. [[Nußbaum]], bes. [[Hasel]], [[Corylus avellana]] (S., LXX, Thphr. usw.; zum Genus Schwyzer-Debrunner 30). 2. Deminutiva: [[καρύδιον]] (Philyll. 19) mit [[καρυδόω]] [[kastrieren]], καρύδωσις (Hippiatr.); [[καρυΐσκος]] (LXX). 3. Adjektiva: [[καρύϊνος]] [[aus Nüssen]], [[nußbraun]], -ώδης, -ηρός [[nußähnlich]] (hell.); [[καρυωτός]] ‘mit nußähnlichem Buckel bzw. Frucht versehen’ (= [[Dattelbaum]]), [[καρυῶτις]] f. [[Art Dattel]] (hell. u. spät); substantivisch [[καρυΐτης]] [[Art Euphorbia]] (Dsk.; Strömberg Pflanzennamen 53, Redard Les noms grecs en -της 72). 4. Adverb: [[καρυηδόν]] [[in einer nußähnlichen Weise]] (Mediz.). 5. Verb: [[καρυατίζω]] [[mit Nüssen spielen]] (Ph.; nach den Verba auf -ατίζω). — Eine erweiterte Pluralform liegt endlich vor in [[καρυήματα]]· κάρυα. Λάκωνες H. (nach τραγήματα u. a.; Schwyzer 523 m. Lit., Chantraine Formation 178, Fraenkel Glotta 32, 26).<br />'''Etymology''': Alle zum Vergleich herangezogenen Wörter weichen hinsichtlich der Stammbildung sowohl von [[κάρυον]] wie von einander stark ab: lat. ''carīna'' [[Schiffskiel]] (seit Enn. und Plaut.), [[Nußschale]] (seit Plin.), kymr. ''ceri'' (< *''carīso''-) [[Obstkern]]; aind. ''karaka''- m. ‘(Schale der) Kokosnuß’ (Lex.), [[Wasserkrug]]. Andere Bedenken kommen hinzu: für lat. ''carīna'' ist griechische Entlehnung (aus [[καρύϊνος]] = *[[nußschalenartig]] > [[Schiffskiel]]?) vermutet worden (W.-Hofmann s. v. m. Lit.); die Priorität der Bedeutung [[Kokosnuß]] gegenüber [[Wasserkrug]] bei aind. ''karaka''- wird bei Mayrhofer Wb. angezweifelt. — Die Anknüpfung an eine Wortgruppe ''qar''- [[hart]] (WP. 1, 354f., Pok. 531f.) ist ganz hypothetisch.<br />'''Page''' 1,794-795