σκαλμός: Difference between revisions

|Definition=ὁ, <span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> [[pin]] or [[thole]] to which the Greek oar was fastened by the [[τροπωτήρ]], <span class="bibl"><span class="title">h.Hom.</span>7.42</span>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>376</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hel.</span>1598</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">IT</span>1347</span>; ὑπομόχλιον ὁ σ. γίνεται <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Mech.</span>850b11</span>; <b class="b3">κατὰ σκαλμὸν ἐρέσσειν</b> (opp. [[paddle]]) <span class="bibl">Arr.<span class="title">Ind.</span>27.5</span>:—of the [[πριαπίσκος]] in the <b class="b3">βάθρον Ἱπποκράτους</b>, Ruf. ap. <span class="bibl">Orib.49.26.6</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> <b class="b3">σ. θρανίτης</b> [[a bank]] or [[bench]] of rowers, <span class="bibl">Plb.16.3.4</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">III</span> = [[σκαλισμός]] ''1'', <span class="bibl"><span class="title">POxy.</span>1631.12</span> (iii A.D.).</span>

|elnltext=σκαλμός -οῦ, ὁ [σκάλλω] [[roeipin]], [[dol]].

|etymtx=Grammatical information: m.<br />Meaning: [[thole]] (h. Hom., A., E., Arist., Plb.).<br />Derivatives: <b class="b3">-μίδιον</b> n. (Com. Adesp.). Besides [[σκάλμη]] f. [[short sword]], [[knife]] (S. Fr. 620, after H. = <b class="b3">μάχαιρα Θρᾳκία</b>).<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [923] <b class="b2">*skel(H)-</b> [[cut]]<br />Etymology: A quite close agreement is found in Germ. in a des. of diff. split or cut objects: OWNo. [[skalm]] f. [[tooth of a fork]], [[pod of a fruit]], [[short sword]], Swed. [[skalm]] f., <b class="b2">arm of a fork etc.</b>, LGerm. [[schalm]] [[thin strip of wood]], OHG [[scalm]] [[boat]], PGm. <b class="b2">*skal-ma</b> / [[ō-]], IE <b class="b2">*skol-mo</b> / [[ā-]]. Besides without anl. [[s-]] e.g. Lith. <b class="b2">kélmas</b> [[stump of a tree]], [[stem]] (further in Fraenkel s. v.). The for [[σκαλμός]], <b class="b3">-μη</b> required zero grade was formed after [[σκάλλω]], and with an original sense of [[split]] v. t. The special meaning [[thole]] is a Greek innovation (cf. Chantraine Étrennes Benveniste 6). -- Did <b class="b2">*skl̥mo-</b> give <b class="b3">σκαλμο-</b> (one could expect <b class="b3">*σκλαμο-</b>?); esp. the Thrac. word is uncertain. Cf. the end of [[σκάλλω]], where Frisk assumes a form independent of this verb, which is rather vague.