κατά: Difference between revisions

|Definition=[κᾰτᾰ], ''poet.'' [[καταί]] acc. to A.D.''Synt.''309.28, found in Compds., as [[καταιβάτης]]: Prep. with [[genitive]] or acc.:—<br><span class="bld">A</span> [[downwards]].<br><span class="bld">A</span> WITH GEN.,<br><span class="bld">I</span> denoting motion from above, [[down from]], <b class="b3">βῆ δὲ κατ' Οὐλύμποιο καρήνων, κατ' Ἰδαίων ὀρέων, βαλέειν κατὰ πέτρης</b>, Il. 22.187, 16.677, Od.14.399; κατ' οὐρανοῦ εἰλήλουθας Il.6.128; <b class="b3">καθ' ἵππων ἀΐξαντε</b> ib.232; δάκρυα… κατὰ βλεφάρων Χαμάδις ῥέε 17.438; ἵεις σαυτὸν κατὰ τοῦ τείχους Ar.''V.''355; ἁλόμενοι κατὰ τῆς πέτρας X.''An.''4.2.17; κατὰ τῶν πετρῶν ὦσαι Pl.''Phdr.''229c; κατὰ κρημνῶν ῥιφέντες Id.''Lg.''944a:—for [[κατ' ἄκρης]] v. [[ἄκρα]]: Μοῖσα κατὰ στόματος Χέε νέκταρ Theoc.7.82 (but perhaps in sense ΙΙ.1).<br><span class="bld">II</span> denoting [[downward]] [[motion]],<br><span class="bld">1</span> [[down upon]] or [[down over]], κατὰ Χθονὸς [[ὄμμα]]τα πήξας Il.3.217; of the [[dying]], <b class="b3">κατὰ… ὀφθαλμῶν κέχυτ' ἀχλύς</b> [[a cloud settled upon the eyes]], 5.696, cf. 20.321; τὸν δὲ κατ' ὀφθαλμῶν… νὺξ ἐκάλυψεν 13.580; <b class="b3">φᾶρος κὰκ κεφαλῆς εἴρυσσε</b> [[down over]]…, Od.8.85; ([[κόπρος]]) κατὰ σπείους κέχυτο… πολλή 9.330; <b class="b3">ὕδωρ κατὰ χειρός</b>, v. [[χείρ]]; μύρον κατὰ τῆς κεφαλῆς καταχέαντες Pl.''R.''398a; νάρκη μου κατὰ τῆς Χειρὸς καταχεῖται Ar.''V.''713; κατὰ τῆς τραπέζης καταπάσας τέφραν Id.''Nu.''177; <b class="b3">ξαίνειν κατὰ τοῦ νώτου πολλὰς</b> ([[πληγάς]]) D.19.197; ἐσκεδασμένοι κατὰ τῆς Χώρας Plb.1.17.10; οἱ κατὰ νώτου πονοῦντες Id.3.19.7; ῥόπαλον ἤλασα κὰκ κεφαλῆς Theoc.25.256; <b class="b3">κατὰ κόρρης παίειν</b>, = [[ἐπὶ κόρρης]], Luc.''Cat.''12, al.<br><span class="bld">b</span> Geom., [[along]], [[upon]], [[πίπτειν]] κατ' ([[εὐθεία]]ς) Archim.''Sph.Cyl.''1 ''Def.''2; <b class="b3">αἱ γωνίαι κατὰ κύκλων περιφερειῶν ἐνεχθήσονται</b> will move [[on]]…, ib.1.23, al., cf. Aristarch.Sam.1.<br><span class="bld">2</span> [[down into]], νέκταρ στάξε κατὰ ῥινῶν Il.19.39; of a dart, κατὰ γαίης ᾤχετο 13.504, etc.; ἔθηκε κατ' ὄχθης μείλινον ἔγχος 21.172; ψυχὴ κατὰ Χθονὸς ᾤχετο 23.100; [[κατὰ γᾶς]] = [[underground]], Pi.''O.''2.59; [[κατ' ὕδατος]] = [[under water]], Hdt.2.149; ([[ποταμός|ποταμὸς]]) δὺς κατὰ τῆς γῆς Pl.''Phd.'' 113c, cf. ''Ti.''25d; [[κατὰ γῆς]] σύμεναι A.''Eu.''1007 (anap.); <b class="b3">κατὰ Χθονὸς κρύψαι</b> to [[bury]]. S.''Ant.''24; [[ὁ κατὰ γῆς]] = [[one dead and buried]], [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Cyropaedia|Cyr.]]''4.6.5; οἱ κατὰ Χθονὸς θεοί A.''Pers.''689, etc.; θεοὶ κατὰ γᾶς Id.''Ch.''475 (lyr.), etc.; so <b class="b3">κατὰ θαλάσσης ἀφανίζεσθαι, κατὰ θαλάσσης καταδεδυκέναι</b>, Hdt.7.6,235; also <b class="b3">βᾶτε κατ' ἀντιθύρων</b> [[go down by]] or [[go down through]]…, S.''El.''1433.<br><span class="bld">3</span> later, [[towards]] a [[point]], <b class="b3">τοξεύειν κατὰ σκοποῦ</b> to [[shoot]] [[at]], Hdn.6.7.8; κατ' ἰχνῶν τινος [[ὁδεύειν]] Luc.''Rh.Pr.''9.<br><span class="bld">4</span> of vows or oaths, [[by]], καθ' ἡμῶν [[ὀμνύναι]] D.29.26, cf. 54.38; ἐπιορκήσασα κατὰ τῶν παίδων Lys.32.13; especially of the victims, etc., [[over]] which the oath is taken, <b class="b3">ὀμνυόντων τὸν ἐπιχώριον ὅρκον καθ' ἱερῶν τελείων</b> Foed. ap. Th.5.47, cf. Arist.''Ath.''29.5, ''Foed.Delph.Pell.''1''A''9, etc.; κατὰ τῶν νικητηρίων εὐξάμενοι D.''Ep.''1.16; also <b class="b3">κατ' ἐξωλείας ὀμνύναι</b> to [[imprecate]] [[destruction]] on oneself, Id.21.119; κατ' ἐξ. [[ἐπιορκεῖν]] Id.57.22.<br><span class="bld">b</span> to [[make a vow]] [[towards]], i.e. make a [[vow]] of [[offering]]... κατὰ Χιλίων εὐχὴν ποιήσασθαι Χιμάρων Ar. ''Eq.''660.<br><span class="bld">5</span> in hostile sense, [[against]], A.''Ch.''221, [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Ajax|Aj.]]''304, etc.; κατὰ πάντων φύεσθαι D.18.19; especially of judges giving sentence [[against]] a person, A.''Th.''198, [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Ajax|Aj.]]''449, etc.; ψεύδεσθαι κατά τινος Lys.22.7; λέγειν κατά τινος κακά S.''Ph.''65, cf. X.''HG''1.5.2, etc.; of speeches, ([[λόγος]]) <b class="b3">κατὰ Μειδίου</b>, etc. (opp. <b class="b3">πρὸς Λεπτίνην</b>, in reply to L.); δῶρα εἰληφέναι κατά τινος Din.3.6, cf. 18.<br><span class="bld">6</span> of [[time]], [[for]], [[μισθοῦν]] κατὰ εἴκοσι ἐτῶν ''IG''12.94.37; [[κατὰ βίου]] = [[for life]], ''Tab.Heracl.''1.50; κὰπ παντὸς Χρόνοι ''IG''9(2).517.20 (Larissa) (but κατὰ παντὸς τοῦ Χρόνου σκέψασθε D. 22.72 falls under 7); κατὰ παντὸς τοῦ αἰῶνος [[ἀείμνηστος|ἀείμνηστον]] Lycurg.7.<br><span class="bld">7</span> [[in respect of]], [[concerning]], μὴ κατ' ἀνθρώπων σκόπει μόνον τοῦτο Pl. ''Phd.''70d; κατὰ τῶν ἄλλων τεχνῶν τοιαῦτα εὑρήσομεν Id.''Sph.''253b; <b class="b3">οἱ κατὰ Δημοσθένους ἔπαινοι</b> [[praise]]s [[bestow]]ed on [[Demosthenes]], Aeschin.3.50; [[ἐρεῖν]] or <b class="b3">λέγειν κατά τινος</b> to say [[of]] one, Pl.''Ap.''37b, ''Prt.''323b, etc.; εἰ κατὰ θηλείας φαίης A.D.''Synt.''198.10; εἴπερ ἕν γέ τι ζητεῖς κατὰ πάντων Pl.''Men.'' 73d, cf. 74b; ὅπερ εἴρηται καθόλου κατὰ πασῶν τῶν πολιτειῶν Arist.''Pol.'' 1307b2; freq. in the Logic of Arist., <b class="b3">κατά τινος λέγεσθαι</b> or [[κατηγορεῖσθαι]] to [[be predicated of]]... Int.16b10, ''Cat.''1b10, etc.; καταφῆσαί (or ἀποφῆσαί) <b class="b3"> τι κατά τινος</b> to [[affirm]] (or [[deny]]) of... Metaph.1007b21; so κατὰ τινὸς ὑπάρχειν ''Int.''16b13: and in Adv. [[καθόλου]] ([[quod vide|q.v.]]).<br><span class="bld">B</span> WITH Acc.,<br><span class="bld">I</span> of motion [[downwards]], <b class="b3">κατὰ ῥόον</b> [[down]] [[stream]], Od.14.254, Il.12.33; opp. <b class="b3">ἀνὰ τὸν ποταμόν</b>, Hdt.2.96; [[κατὰ τὸν ποταμόν]], [[κατὰ τὸ ὑδάτιον]], Id.1.194, Pl.''Phdr.''229a; <b class="b3">κατ' οὖρον ἰέναι, κατ' οὖρον ῥεῖν</b>, [[down]] (i.e. [[with]]) the [[wind]], A.''Th.''690, S.''Tr.''468; [[κατὰ πνεῦμα]], [[κατ' ἄνεμον]] [[ἵστασθαι]] = to [[leeward]], Arist.''HA''535a19, 560b13, Dsc.4.153.<br><span class="bld">2</span> with or without signf. of motion, [[on]], [[over]], [[throughout]] a space, freq. in Hom., καθ' Ἑλλάδα καὶ μέσον Ἄργος Od.1.344; <b class="b3">κατ' Ἀχαΐδα, κατὰ Τροίην</b>, Il.11.770, 9.329; κατ' ἠερόεντα κέλευθα Od.20.64; <b class="b3">κατὰ πόντον, κῦμα, ὕλην</b>, Il.4.276, 6.136, 3.151; κατὰ πτόλιν Od.2.383; [[κατὰ ἄστυ]], [[κατ' οἶκον]], Il.18.286, 6.56; [[κατὰ ὅμιλον]], [[κατὰ στρατόν]], 3.36, 1.229; <b class="b3">κατὰ κλισίας τε νέας τε</b> ib.487; πόλεμον κάτα δακρυόεντα 17.512; <b class="b3">κατὰ ὑσμίνην, κατὰ μόθον, κατὰ κλόνον</b>, 5.84, 18.159, 16.331; τὸ ὕδωρ κατὰ τοὺς ταφροὺς ἐχώρει [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Cyropaedia|Cyr.]]''7.5.16, etc. (in later Gr.of motion [[to]] a place, κατὰ τὴν Ἰταλίαν Zos.3.1); καθ' Ἑλλάδα A.''Ag.''578; κατὰ πτόλιν Id.''Th.''6; αἱ σκηναὶ αἱ κατὰ τὴν ἀγοράν D.18.169; τὰ κατ' ἀγροὺς Διονύσια Aeschin.1.157, etc.; κατὰ τὸ προάστιον Hdt.3.54; τύμβον κατ' αὐτόν A. ''Th.''528, cf. ''Supp.''869 (lyr.): Geom., [[at]] a [[point]], Euc.1.1,al.; [[τέμνειν]] ([[σφαῖρα]]ν) [[κατὰ κύκλον]] = [[in a circle]], Archim.''Aren.''1.17; also, [[in the region of]], οἱ κατὰ τὸν ἥλιον γινόμενοι ἀστέρες Gem.12.7: freq. in Hom. in describing the place of a [[wound]], <b class="b3">βαλεῖν κατὰ στῆθος, βαλεῖν κατὰ γαστέρα</b>, etc., Il.11.108, 16.465, al.; νύξε κατὰ δεξιὸν ὦμον 5.46; οὔτασε κατ' ἰσχίον 11.339; so <b class="b3">βαλεῖν κατ' ἀσπίδα, βαλεῖν κατὰ ζωστῆρα</b>, 5.537,615; <b class="b3">βέλος κατὰ καίριον ἦλθεν</b> struck [[upon]] a [[vital]] [[part]], [[varia lectio|v.l.]] in 11.439: metaph., ἄχος κατὰ φρένα τύψε 19.125: generally, <b class="b3">κατὰ φρένα καὶ κατὰ θυμόν</b> in heart and soul, 4.163, al.<br><span class="bld">3</span> [[opposite]], [[over against]], κατὰ Σινώπην πόλιν Hdt.1.76, cf. 2.148, Th.2.30, etc.; ἀνὴρ κατ' ἄνδρα A.''Th.''505; μολὼν… μοι κατὰ στόμα Id.''Ch.''573; κατ' ὀφθαλμούς τινος [[LXX]] ''2 Ki.''12.11; οἱ μὲν Ἀθηναῖοι κατὰ Λακεδαιμονίους ἐγένοντο X.''HG''4.2.18; <b class="b3">κατ' Ἀχαιοὺς ἀντετάχθησαν</b> ibid.; ἐν συμποσίῳ... περίμενε, μέχρις ἂν γένηται κατὰ σέ Epict.''Ench.'' 15, cf. D.L.7.108.<br><span class="bld">II</span> [[distributively]], of a whole divided into parts, <b class="b3">κρῖν' ἄνδρας κατὰ φῦλα, κατὰ φρήτρας</b> [[by tribes]], [[by clans]], Il.2.362; <b class="b3">κατὰ σφέας μαχέονται</b> [[by]] themselves, [[separately]], ib.366, cf. Th.4.64; ἐσκήνουν κατὰ τάξεις [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Cyropaedia|Cyr.]]''2.1.25; αὐτὴ καθ' αὑτήν A.''Pr.''1013; <b class="b3">κατὰ κώμας κατοικημένοι</b> [[in separate]] [[village]]s, Hdt.1.96; <b class="b3">κατ' ἑωυτοὺς ἕκαστοι ἐτράποντο</b> each [[to his own]] [[home]], Id.5.15; <b class="b3">κατὰ πόλεις ἀποπλεῦσαι, διαλυθῆναι</b>, Th.1.89, 3.1: στρατιὰ κατὰ ἕνδεκα μέρη κεκοσμημένη Pl.''Phdr.''247a; later οἱ κατ' ἄνδρα λόγοι ''PLond.''2.259.72 (i A. D.), cf. D.Chr.32.6, etc.; ἡ κατ' [[οἰκία]]ν [[ἀπογραφή]] ''PLond.''3.904.20(ii A.D.), etc.; [[κατ' ἔπος]] = [[word by word]], Ar.''Ra.''802; [[κατ' ὄνομα]] = [[individually]], ''3 Ep.Jo.''15, etc.; [[παῖδα κατὰ κρήνην]] = [[at each fount a child]], ''Lyr.Alex.Adesp.''37.13, cf. ''POxy'' 2108.9 (iii A.D.).<br><span class="bld">2</span> of [[time]], [[καθ' ἡμέραν]], [[κατ' ἦμαρ]], [[day by day]], [[daily]], v. [[ἡμέρα]] ΙΙΙ; [[καθ' ἑνιαυτόν]], [[κατ' ἔτος]], ''Test.Epict.''6.24, ''Ev.Luc.''2.41, etc.; κατὰ μῆνα ''[[Oxyrhynchus Papyri|POxy.]]''275.18 (i A.D.).<br><span class="bld">3</span> of Numbers, [[by]] so many [[at a time]], [[καθ' ἕνα]] = [[one at a time]], [[individually]], Hdt.7.104 (later [[τὸ καθ' ἕν]] = [[detailed list]], PTeb.47.34 (ii B.C.), etc.); [[κατὰ μίαν τε καὶ δύο]] = [[by ones and twos]], Hdt.4.113; δύο μνέαι τεταγμέναι κατ' ἄνδρα αἰχμάλωτον ἕκαστον Id.6.79; ἐκ τῶν συμμάχων ἐξελέγετο κατ' ὀλίγους Id.8.113; <b class="b3">κατὰ τὰς πέντε καὶ εἴκοσι μνᾶς πεντακοσίας δραχμὰς εἰσφέρειν</b> to pay 500 drachmae [[on every]] 25 minae, D.27.7; κατὰ διακοσίας καὶ τριακοσίας ὁμοῦ τι τάλαντον διακεχρημένον [[in separate sums of]] 200 and 300 drachmae, Id.27.11; of ships, [[κατὰ μίαν]] (''[[sc.]]'' [[ναῦς|ναῦν]]) [[in column]], Th.2.90; κατὰ μίαν ναῦν ἐπιτάττειν Plb.1.26.12, cf. Th.2.84: Geom., <b class="b3">μετρεῖν, μετρεῖσθαι κατά</b>…, [[measure]], [[be measured]] a certain number of times, Euc.7 ''Def.''8,9,al.; <b class="b3">μετρεῖν κατὰ τὰς ἐν τῷ Β μονάδας</b> [[as many times as]] there are units in B, Id.7.16.<br><span class="bld">III</span> of [[direction]] [[towards]] an object or purpose, <b class="b3">πλεῖν κατὰ πρῆξιν</b> [[on]] a [[business]], [[for]] or [[after]] a [[matter]], Od. 3.72, 9.253; <b class="b3">πλάζεσθαι κατὰ ληΐδα</b> to [[rove]] [[in search of]] [[booty]], 3.106; κατὰ ληΐην ἐκπλῶσαι Hdt.2.152; ἔβη κατὰ δαῖτα Il.1.424; [[ἐπιδημεῖν]] κατ' [[ἐμπορία]]ν ''IG''22.141.32, cf. Arist.''Ath.''11.1; <b class="b3">κατὰ Χρέος τινὸς ἐλθεῖν</b> come to seek his help, consult him, Od.11.479, etc.; ἵεται κατὰ τὴν φωνήν Hdt.2.70; <b class="b3">κατὰ θέαν ἥκειν</b> to have come [[for the purpose of]] [[seeing]], Th.6.31; κατὰ πλοῦν ἤδη ὤν Id.7.31; καθ' ἁρπαγὴν ἐσκεδασμένοι X.''An.''3.5.2; [[κατὰ τί]]; = [[for what purpose]]? [[why]]? Ar.''Nu.''239.<br><span class="bld">2</span> of pursuit, κατὰ πόδας τινὸς ἐλαύνειν Hdt.9.89; simply <b class="b3">κατὰ τινά</b> [[after]] him, Id.1.84; ἰέναι κατὰ τοὺς ἄλλους Id.9.53; [[κατ' ἴχνος]] = [[on the track]], [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Ajax|Aj.]]''32, A.''Ag.''695 (lyr.); ὥσπερ κατ' ἴχνη κατὰ τὰ νῦν εἰρημένα ζῆν Pl.''Phd.''115b.<br><span class="bld">3</span> Geom., in adverbial phrases, [[κατὰ κάθετον]] = [[in the same vertical line]], Archim. ''Quadr.''6; [[κατ' εὐθεῖάν τινι]] = [[in the same straight line]] with... Papp. 58.7.<br><span class="bld">IV</span> of [[fitness]] or [[conformity]], [[in accordance with]], κατὰ θυμόν Il.1.136; [[καθ' ἡμέτερον νόον]] = [[after our liking]], 9.108; κατὰ νόον πρήξωμεν Hdt.4.97; [[κατὰ μοῖραν]] = [[as is meet and right]], Il.1.286; [[κατ' αἶσαν]], [[κατὰ κόσμον]], 10.445,472; κατὰ νόμον Hes.''Th.''417; κὰν νόμον Pi.''O.''8.78; κατὰ τοὺς νόμους ''IG''22.1227.15; <b class="b3">αἰτίαν καθ' ἥντινα</b> [[for]] what cause, A.''Pr.'' 228; [[κατ' ἔχθραν]], [[κατὰ φθόνον]], [[for]] (i.e. [[because of]]) [[hatred]], [[envy]], Id.''Supp.''336, ''Eu.''686; [[καθ' ἡδονήν τι δρᾶν]], [[καθ' ἡδονήν τι ποιεῖν]], [[do as one pleases]], Th. 2.37,53; κατὰ τὸ ἔχθος τὸ Θεσσαλῶν Hdt.8.30, cf. 9.38; <b class="b3">κατὰ φιλίαν, κατ' ἔχθος</b>, Th.1.60, 103, etc.; <b class="b3">κατ' ἄλλο μὲν οὐδέν, ὅτι δέ</b>… [[for]] no other [[reason]] but that... Pl.''Phdr.''229d; [[κατὰ δύναμιν]] = [[to the best of one's power]], Hdt.3.142, etc. (<b class="b3">κὰδ δ.</b> Hes.''Op.''336); [[κατὰ τρόπον διοικεῖν]] = [[arrange]] [[suitably]], Isoc.2.6,al.; [[κατ' εὐνοίην]] = [[with goodwill]], Hdt.6.108; κατὰ τὰ παρηγγελμένα X.''An.''2.2.8, etc.; in quotations, [[according to]], κατ' Αἰσχύλον Ar.''Th.''134; κατὰ Πίνδαρον Pl.''Phdr.''227b, etc.<br><span class="bld">2</span> [[in relation to]], [[concerning]], <b class="b3">τὰ κατ' ἀνθρώπους</b> = [[τὰ ἀνθρώπινα]], A.''Eu.''930, 310; τὰ κατὰ τὸν Τέλλον Hdt.1.31; <b class="b3">τὰ κατὰ τὴν Κύρου τελευτήν</b> ib.214; [[τὰ κατὰ πόλεμον]] = [[military]] [[matter]]s, Aeschin.1.181; <b class="b3">αἱ κατὰ τὴν πόλιν οἰκονομίαι</b> (opp. <b class="b3">αἱ πολεμικαὶ πράξεις</b>) the [[management]] of [[public]] [[affairs]], Din. 1.97; τὰ κατὰ τὰς [[θυσία]]ς ''SIG''506.7(Delph., iii B.C.); so [[τὸ κατ' ὑμέας]] = [[as far as concerns]] you, Hdt.7.158; [[τὸ κατ' ἐμέ]] = [[as far as I am concerned]], D.18.247; [[κατὰ τοῦτο]] = [[in this respect]], Hdt.5.3, etc.; [[κατὰ ταὐτά]] = [[in the same way]], Id.2.20; [[καθ' ὅτι]] = [[so far as]], Th.1.82, etc.<br><span class="bld">3</span> in Comparisons, [[corresponding with]], [[after the fashion of]], <b class="b3">κρομύοιο λοπὸν κ.</b> [[like]] the [[coat]] of an [[onion]], dub. in Od.19.233; μέλος κατὰ Φοίνισσαν ἐμπολὰν πέμπεται Pi.''P.''2.67; <b class="b3">κατὰ Μιθραδάτην</b> [[answering to the description of]] him, Hdt.1.121; <b class="b3">τὴν ἰδέαν κατὰ πνιγέα</b> [[like]] an [[oven]] in [[appearance]], Ar.''Av.''1001; <b class="b3">κηδεῦσαι καθ' ἑαυτόν</b> to [[marry]] in one's own [[rank]] of [[life]], A.''Pr.''890; οὐ κατ' ἄνθρωπον φρονεῖν Id.''Th.''425; λέγω κατ' ἄνδρα, μὴ θεόν, [[σέβειν]] ἐμέ Id.''Ag.''925; [[οὐ κατὰ σέ]] = [[none of your sort]], Chionid.1 (but <b class="b3">ἵνα προσείπω σε κατὰ σέ</b> to [[address]] you in your own [[style]], Pl.''Grg.''467c); τὸ κατ' ἐμὲ καὶ οὐ κατ' ἐμέ Arr.''Epict.''1.28.5; οὐ κατὰ τὰς Μειδίου λῃτουργίας D.21.169; ἡ [[βασιλεία]] κατὰ τὴν [[ἀριστοκρατία]]ν ἐστί Arist.''Pol.''1310b3: freq. after a Comp., μέζων ἢ κατ' ἀνθρώπων φύσιν Hdt.8.38, cf. Pl.''Ap.''20e, etc.; <b class="b3">μείζω ἢ κατὰ δάκρυα</b> too [[great]] for [[tear]]s, Th.7.75; <b class="b3">ἤθεα βαθύτερα ἢ κατὰ Θρήϊκας</b> more [[refined]] than was [[common]] [[among]] the [[Thracians]], Hdt.4.95.<br><span class="bld">V</span> [[by the favour of]] a god, etc., κατὰ δαίμονα Pi.''O.''9.28, cf. ''P.''8.68; κατὰ θεῖον [[Aristophanes|Ar.]]''[[The Knights|Eq.]]''147 codd. (<b class="b3">κατὰ θεὸν</b> Cobet); κατὰ τύχην τινά D.48.24.<br><span class="bld">VI</span> of round numbers (v. infr. VII.2), [[nearly]], [[about]], κατὰ Χίλια ἑξακόσια ἔτεα 1600 years [[more or less]], Hdt.2.145, cf. 6.44, al.; [[κατ' οὐδέν]] = [[next to nothing]], Pl.''Plt.''302b.<br><span class="bld">VII</span> of [[time]], [[during]] or [[in the course of]] a [[period]], κατὰ τὸν πόλεμον Hdt.7.137; [[καθ' ἡμέραν]], [[κατ' ἦμαρ]], [[by day]], A. ''Ch.''818, ''Ag.''668; κατ' εὐφρόνην Id.''Pers.''221; <b class="b3">κατὰ Χειμῶνα, κατὰ θερείαν</b>, ''PLille''1r14 (iii B.C.), ''PTeb.''27.60 (ii B.C.).<br><span class="bld">2</span> [[about]], κατὰ τὸν αὐτὸν τοῦτον Χρόνον Hdt.3.131, etc.; κατὰ τοὺς θανάτους τῶν βασιλέων Id.6.58; esp. with names of persons, <b class="b3">κατὰ Ἄμασιν βασιλεύοντα</b> [[about the time of]] [[Amasis]], Id.2.134; κατὰ τὸν κατὰ Κροῖσον Χρόνον Id.1.67; <b class="b3">οἱ κατ' ἐκεῖνον</b> (''[[sc.]]'' <b class="b3">τὸν Ἀλκιβιάδην</b>) ὑμέτεροι πρόγονοι D.21.146 ([[varia lectio|v.l.]] κατ' ἐκεῖνον τὸν Χρόνον); κατὰ τοὺς Ἡρακλείδας X.''Lac.''10.8; <b class="b3">οἱ καθ' ἑαυτοὺς ἄνθρωποι</b> their [[contemporary|contemporaries]], Id.''Mem.''3.5.10.<br><span class="bld">3</span> [[καθ' ἕτος]] = [[this]] [[year]], ''SIG'' 284.24 (Erythrae, iv B.C.), ''OGI''458.64 (i B.C./iA.D.), ''CIG''3641b5,38 (Lampsacus).<br><span class="bld">VIII</span> periphrastically with abstract Subst., [[κατ' ἡσυχίην]], [[κατὰ τάχος]] = [[ἡσύχως]], [[ταχέως]], Hdt.1.9,7.178; [[κατὰ κράτος]] = [[by force]], X.''HG''2.1.19, etc.; [[κατὰ μέρος]] = [[partially]], Arist.''Po.''1456a16; [[individually]], [[severally]], Pl.''Tht.''157b, ''Lg.''835a; [[κατὰ φύσιν]] = [[naturally]], Hdt. 2.38, Pl.''R.''428e; [[κατὰ τὴν τέχνην]] = [[skilfully]], Luc.''DDeor.''20.7; <b class="b3">οὔτ' ἐμοὶ λέγειν καθ' ἡδονήν</b> ([[ἐστι]]) it is not [[pleasant]] for me to [[tell]] you, A.''Pr.''263.<br><span class="bld">C</span> Position: [[κατά]] may follow both its cases, and is then written with anastr. [[κάτα]], as Il.20.221, etc.; so also in tmesi, when it follows its Verb, 17.91.<br><span class="bld">D</span> abs. as ADV. in all the above senses, esp. like [[κάτω]], [[downwards]], [[from above]], [[down]], freq. in Hom.<br><span class="bld">E</span> [[κατά]] in COMPOS.,<br><span class="bld">I</span> [[downwards]], [[down]], as in [[καταβαίνω]], [[καταβάλλω]], [[κατάκειμαι]], [[καταπέμπω]], [[καταπίπτω]], [[καταπλέω]] 1.<br><span class="bld">II</span> [[in answer to]], [[in accordance with]], as in [[κατᾴδω]] ([[occino]]), [[καταινέω]], [[καταθύμιος]].<br><span class="bld">III</span> [[against]], in hostile sense (cf. A.11.5), as in [[καταγιγνώσκω]], [[κατακρίνω]], [[καταψηφίζομαι]]: more rarely with a Subst., as [[καταδίκη]].<br><span class="bld">IV</span> [[back]], [[back again]], as in [[κάτειμι]], [[καταπορεύομαι]], [[καταπλέω]] ΙΙ.<br><span class="bld">V</span> freq. only to strengthen the notion of the simple word, as in [[κατακόπτω]], [[κατακτείνω]], [[καταφαγεῖν]], etc.; also with Substs. and Adjs., as in [[κατάδηλος]], [[κάτοξος]].<br><span class="bld">VI</span> sometimes to give a trans. force to an intr. Verb, our [[be-]], as in [[καταθρηνέω]] = [[bewail]].<br><span class="bld">VII</span> implying [[waste]] or [[consumption]], as in [[καταλειτουργέω]], [[καθιπποτροφέω]], [[καταζευγοτροφέω]]: and generally in a [[disparaging]] sense, as in [[καταγιγνώσκω]] 1.<br><span class="bld">F</span> [[κατά]] as a Prep. was shortened in some dialects, especially in Ep., into [[κάγ]], [[κάδ]], [[κάκ]], [[κάμ]], [[κάν]], [[κάπ]], [[κάρ]], [[κάτ]], before γ, δ, κ, μ, ν<b class="b3">, π</b> (or φ) <b class="b3">, ῥ, τ</b> (or θ), respectively; see these forms in their own places. Mss. and the older Edd. join the Prep. with the following word, as [[καγγόνυ]], [[καδδέ]], [[κακκεφαλῆς]], [[καππεδίον]], [[καπφάλαρα]], [[καρρόον]], [[καττάδε]], [[καττόν]], etc. In compd. Verbs, [[κατά]] sometimes changes into καβ, καλ, καρ<b class="b3">, κατ</b>, before β, λ, ρ<b class="b3">, θ</b>, respectively, as [[κάββαλε]], [[κάλλιπε]], [[καρρέζουσα]], [[κάτθανε]]; and before στ<b class="b3">, σχ</b>, the second [[syllable]] sometimes disappears, as in [[καστορνῦσα]], [[κάσχεθε]], as also in the Dor. forms [[καβαίνων]], [[κάπετον]].[[κατὰ τά]], ''IG''22.334.15; cf. [[κά]]. [[κᾆτα]], Att. crasis for [[καὶ εἶτα]], v. [[εἶτα]] sub fin. [[κατάβα]], for [[κατάβηθι]], aor. 2 imper. of [[καταβαίνω]].