κατά: Difference between revisions

|mdlsjtxt=<br />[[Perseus]]. [[down]], downwards, with [[genitive]] or acc.<br />prep. with [[genitive]] or acc. Radical [[sense]] [[down]], downwards.<br />A. WITH GENIT.,<br /><b class="num">I.</b> denoting [[motion]] from [[above]], [[down]] from, βῆ δὲ κατ' Οὐλύμποιο καρήνων Il., etc.<br /><b class="num">II.</b> denoting [[downward]] [[motion]],<br /><b class="num">1.</b> [[down]] [[upon]] or [[over]], κατὰ χθονὸς ὄμματα πήξας Il.; of the [[dying]], κατ' ὀφθαλμῶν κέχυτ' [[ἀχλύς]] a [[cloud]] [[settled]] [[upon]] the eyes, Il.; so, [[ὕδωρ]] κατὰ χειρός, v. [[χείρ]] II. 6.<br /><b class="num">2.</b> [[down]] [[into]], [[νέκταρ]] στάξε κατὰ ῥινῶν Od.; so, κατὰ χθονὸς (or γῆσ) [[δῦναι]] Trag.; κατὰ χθονὸς κρύπτειν to [[bury]], Soph., etc.<br /><b class="num">3.</b> εὔχεσθαι or [[ὀμόσαι]] [[κατά]] τινος to vow or [[swear]] by a [[thing]] ([[because]] one calls [[down]] the [[vengeance]] of the gods [[upon]] it), Thuc., Dem.:—also to make a vow [[towards]] [[something]], i. e. make a vow of [[offering]] it, Ar.<br /><b class="num">4.</b> in [[hostile]] [[sense]], [[against]], Aesch., etc.; especially of judges giving [[sentence]] [[against]] a [[person]], Aesch.; [[λόγος]] [[κατά]] τινος a [[speech]] [[against]] one [[accused]], Lat. in aliquem; [[λόγος]] πρός τινα an [[answer]] to an [[opponent]], Lat. [[adversus]] aliquem.<br /><b class="num">5.</b> Lat. de, [[upon]], in [[respect]] of, [[concerning]], σκοπεῖν [[κατά]] τινος Plat.; [[ἔπαινος]] [[κατά]] τινος [[praise]] bestowed [[upon]] one, Aeschin., etc.<br />B. WITH ACCUS.,<br /><b class="num">I.</b> of [[motion]] downwards, κατὰ [[ῥόον]] [[down]] [[stream]], Hdt.; κατ' [[οὖρον]] [[ἰέναι]], ῥεῖν to [[sail]] [[down]] (i. e. with) the [[wind]], Aesch.<br /><b class="num">2.</b> of [[motion]], on, [[over]], [[throughout]] a [[space]], Hom., etc.; καθ' Ἑλλάδα Aesch.; κατὰ γῆν καὶ θάλασσαν by [[land]] and sea, etc.: —also to hit [[upon]] the [[shield]], Il.<br /><b class="num">3.</b> [[opposite]], [[over]] [[against]], κατὰ Σινώπην πόλιν Hdt.; ἀνὴρ κατ' ἄνδρα Aesch.<br /><b class="num">4.</b> κατὰ τὸ [[προάστειον]] [[somewhere]] in the [[suburb]], Hdt.<br /><b class="num">II.</b> distributively, of a [[whole]] divided [[into]] parts, κατὰ φῦλα, κατὰ φρήτρας by tribes, by clans, Il.; κατὰ κώμας κατῳκῆσθαι to [[live]] in [[separate]] villages, Hdt.; κατ' ἄνδρα man by man, Hdt.<br /><b class="num">2.</b> so of parts of [[time]], καθ' ἡμέραν, κατ' [[ἦμαρ]] day by day, [[daily]], v. [[ἡμέρα]] III, [[ἦμαρ]].<br /><b class="num">3.</b> of numbers, by so [[many]] at a [[time]], καθ' ἕνα one at a [[time]], Hdt.; κατὰ τὰς [[πέντε]] καὶ [[εἴκοσι]] μνᾶς πεντακοσίας δραχμὰς εἰσφέρειν to pay 500 drachmae on [[every]] 25 [[minae]], Dem., etc.<br /><b class="num">III.</b> of [[direction]] [[towards]] an [[object]], [[πλεῖν]] κατὰ πρῆξιν on a [[business]], for or [[after]], Od.; κατὰ ληΐην in [[quest]] of [[booty]], Hdt.; κατὰ θέαν ἥκειν to [[have]] [[come]] for the [[purpose]] of [[seeing]], Thuc.<br /><b class="num">2.</b> of [[pursuit]], κατ' [[ἴχνος]] on the [[track]], Soph.<br /><b class="num">IV.</b> according to, κατὰ θυμόν Hom.; καθ' ἡμέτερον νόον [[after]] our [[liking]], Il.; κατὰ μοῖραν as is [[meet]] and [[right]], Hom.; so, κατ' αἶσαν, κατὰ κόσμον Hom.; καθ' ἡδονήν so as to [[please]], Aesch.; κατὰ δύναμιν to the [[best]] of one's [[power]], et.<br /><b class="num">2.</b> in [[relation]] to, [[concerning]], τὰ κατ' ἀνθρώπους = τὰ ἀνθρώπινα, Aesch.; so, τὸ καθ' [[ὑμᾶς]] as far as concerns you, Hdt.; κατὰ [[τοῦτο]] according to [[this]] way, in [[this]] [[view]]; κατὰ [[ταὐτά]] in the [[same]] way, καθ' ὅτι so far as, etc.<br /><b class="num">3.</b> implying [[comparison]], κατὰ λοπὸν κρομύοιο like the [[coat]] of a [[leek]], Od.; κατὰ Μιθραδάτην [[answering]] to the [[description]] of him, Hdt.; κατὰ [[πνιγέα]] [[very]] like an [[oven]], Ar.; κηδεῦσαι καθ' ἑαυτόν to [[marry]] in one's own [[rank]] of [[life]], Aesch.; κατ' ἄνθρωπον like a man, as befits a man, Aesch.; κατ' ἄνδρα, μὴ θεόν Aesch.:—[[after]] a comp., [[μείζων]] ἢ κατ' ἀνθρώπου greater [[than]] befits a man, Hdt.; μείζω ἢ κατὰ δάκρυα too [[great]] to [[weep]] for, Thuc.<br /><b class="num">V.</b> by the [[favour]] of a god, κατὰ δαίμονα, Lat. non [[sine]] numine, Pind.; κατὰ θεόν Hdt.<br /><b class="num">VI.</b> of [[loosely]] stated numbers, [[nearly]], [[about]], κατὰ ἑξηκόσια ἔτεα 600 years [[more]] or [[less]], Hdt.<br /><b class="num">VII.</b> of [[time]], [[during]], [[sometime]] in a [[period]], κατὰ τὸν πόλεμον in the [[course]] of the war, Hdt.; καθ' ἡμέραν by day, Aesch.<br /><b class="num">2.</b> [[about]], κατὰ τὸν αὐτὸν χρόνον Hdt.; κατὰ Ἄμασιν βασιλεύοντα [[about]] the [[time]] of [[Amasis]], Hdt.<br /><b class="num">VIII.</b> used [[periphrasis]] for Adverbs, as, καθ' ἡσυχίην, κατὰ [[τάχος]], etc., for [[ἡσύχως]], [[ταχέως]], Hdt.; κατὰ [[μέρος]] [[partially]]; κατὰ φύσιν [[naturally]]; etc.<br />C. Position: [[when]] [[κατά]] follows its [[case]] it is written with anastr. [[κάτα]].<br />D. absol. as adv. like [[κάτω]], downwards, Hom.<br />E. [[κατά]] in Compos.,<br /><b class="num">I.</b> downwards, [[down]], as in [[καταβαίνω]].<br /><b class="num">II.</b> in [[answer]] to, in [[accordance]] with, as in [[κατᾴδω]], [[καταθύμιος]].<br /><b class="num">III.</b> [[against]], in [[hostile]] [[sense]], as [[καταγιγνώσκω]], [[κατακρίνω]].<br /><b class="num">IV.</b> often only to [[strengthen]] the [[notion]] of the [[simple]] [[word]], as [[κατακόπτω]], [[καταφαγεῖν]].<br />F. [[κατά]] as a prep. was [[sometimes]] shortened, especially in epic [[into]] κάγ, κάκ, κάμ, κάν, κάπ, κάρ, κάτ, [[before]] γ, κ, μ, ν, π (or φ), ῥ, τ (or θ), respectively; see these forms in [[their]] own places. Mss. and the [[older]] Edd. [[join]] the prep. with the [[following]] [[word]], as καγγόνυ, καδδ|ε, [[κακκεφαλῆς]], [[καππεδίον]], [[καπφάλαρα]], καρρόον, [[καττάδε]], καττόν, etc. In compd. Verbs, [[κατά]] [[sometimes]] changes [[into]] καβ, καλ, καρ, κατ, [[before]] β, λ, ρ, θ, respectively, as [[κάββαλε]], [[κάτθανε]], [[κάλλιπε]], [[καρρέζουσα]]; and [[before]] στ, σχ, the [[second]] [[syllable]] [[sometimes]] disappears, as in [[καστορνῦσα]], [[κάσχεθε]], [[κασσύω]], as also in [[Doric]] forms [[καβαίνων]], [[κάπετον]].