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αἷμα: Difference between revisions
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|Transliteration C=aima | |Transliteration C=aima | ||
|Beta Code=ai(=ma | |Beta Code=ai(=ma | ||
|Definition= | |Definition=αἵματος, τό,<br><span class="bld">A</span> [[blood]], Il. 1.303, etc.; [[φόνος]] αἵματος 16.162; ψυχῆς ἄκρατον αἷμα S.''El.''786: in plural, [[αἵματα]] = [[streams of blood]], [[Aeschylus|A.]]''[[Agamemnon|Ag.]]''1293, [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Antigone|Ant.]]'' 121, E.''El.''1172, ''Alc.''496.<br><span class="bld">2</span> of anything like [[blood]], Βακχίου Tim. ''Fr.''7; αἷμα σταφυλῆς [[LXX]] ''Si.''39.26, cf. ''App.Anth.''3.166 (Procl.).<br><span class="bld">b</span> [[dye]] obtained from [[ἄγχουσα]], [[alkanet]], PHolm.15.25, ''PLeid.X.''99.3.<br><span class="bld">3</span> with collat. meaning of [[spirit]], [[courage]], οὐκ ἔχων αἷμα [[pale]], [[spiritless]] Aeschin.3.160; τοὺς αἷμα φάσκοντας τὴν ψυχήν Arist.''de An.'' 405b4.<br><span class="bld">II</span> [[bloodshed]], [[murder]], A.''Ch.''520, [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Oedipus Tyrannus|OT]]''101; [[ὅμαιμον αἷμα]] = a [[kinsman]]'s [[murder]], A.''Supp.''449; [[εἴργασται μητρῷον αἷμα]] [[Euripides|E.]]''[[Orestes|Or.]]'' 285, cf. 406; αἷμα [[πράττειν]] ib.1139; αἷμα συγγενὲς κτείνας [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Fragments|Fr.]]''799.3; [[αἷμα τραγοκτόνον]] = [[shed]]ding of [[goat]]'s [[blood]], E.''Ba.''139; [[ἐφ' αἵματι φεύγειν]] = to [[avoid]] [[trial]] for [[murder]] by going into [[exile]], ''SIG''58 (Milet., V B.C.), D.21.105; αἷμα συγγενὲς [[φεύγων]] [[Euripides|E.]]''[[Supplices|Supp.]]''148: pl. in this sense, A.''Ch.''66,650, freq. in E., never in S.; [[αἵματα σύγγονα]] = [[brother]]s' [[corpse]]s, E.''Ph.''1502:—concrete, [[νεακόνητον αἷμα]] = [[keen-edged]] [[death]], i.e. a [[sword]], S.''El.''1394 (expl. by [[μάχαιρα]], [[Hesychius Lexicographus|Hsch.]]).<br><span class="bld">III</span> [[blood relationship]], [[kin]], αἷμα τε καὶ γένος Od.8.583; αἵματός εἰς ἀγαθοῖο 4.611; οΐ σῆς ἐξ αἵματός εἰσι γενέθλης Il.19.111; [[τὸ αἷμα τινος]] his [[blood]] or [[origin]], Pi.''N.''11.34; [[αἷμα ἐμφύλιον]] = [[incestuous]] [[kinship]], [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Oedipus Tyrannus|OT]]''1406; τοὺς πρὸς αἵματος Id.''Aj.''1305, cf. Arist.''Pol.''1262a11; μητρὸς τῆς ἐμῆς [[ἐν αἵματι]] = [[akin]] to her [[by blood]], A.''Eu.''606, cf. ''Th.''141; ἀφ' αἵματος ὑμετέρου [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Oedipus Coloneus|OC]]''245.<br><span class="bld">2</span> concrete, of a person, ὦ Διὸς… αἷμα ''IG''14.1003.1, cf. 1389 ii4, etc. | ||
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{{DGE | {{DGE | ||
|dgtxt= | |dgtxt=αἵματος, τό<br /><b class="num">I</b> <b class="num">1</b>[[sangre]] en principio cuando se derrama ἔρρεεν [[αἷμα]] κελαινεφὲς ἐξ ὠτειλῆς <i>Il</i>.4.140, cf. 21.119, <i>Od</i>.9.388, Hes.<i>Sc</i>.174, A.<i>Ch</i>.1055, τῶν εἴη μέλαν [[αἷμα]] πιεῖν séame dado beber su negra sangre</i> Thgn.349<br /><b class="num">•</b>op. al ἰχώρ de los dioses <i>Il</i>.5.339<br /><b class="num">•</b>[[sangre]] de animales, esp. en el [[sacrificio]] <i>Il</i>.23.34, τοῦδε σφαγίου ποτὸν ἀψύχοις [[αἷμα]] μεθίει A.<i>Fr</i>.273a.5, αἷμα ταύρου Hdt.3.15, cf. Nonn.<i>D</i>.7.168, [[αἷμα]] καὶ οἶνον σπένδοντας <i>IG</i> 5(1).1390.1 (Andania I a.C.)<br /><b class="num">•</b>en plu. [[ríos de sangre]] A.<i>A</i>.1293, S.<i>Ant</i>.121<br /><b class="num">•</b>fig. [[ánimo]], [[valor]], [[sangre]] εἰδὼς ὅτι αἵματός ἐστιν ἡ ἀρετὴ ὠνία sabedor de que el valor se compra con sangre</i> Aeschin.3.160.<br /><b class="num">2</b> en especulaciones, considerada como elemento básico de la vida, esp. op. [[σάρξ]]: ἐκ τῶν αἷμά τε [[γέντο]] καὶ ἄλλης εἴδεα σαρκός Emp.B 98.5, pero en lit. judeocristiana a veces identif. c. la naturaleza humana σὰρξ καὶ [[αἷμα]] op. al Padre celestial <i>Eu.Matt</i>.16.17<br /><b class="num">•</b>τὸ κοινὸν (e.d. [[αἷμα]]) γῆς καὶ ὕδατος Arist.<i>PA</i> 668<sup>b</sup>10, αὕτη (ἡ καρδία) [[γάρ]] ἐστιν ἀρχὴ ἢ πηγὴ τοῦ αἵματος Arist.<i>PA</i> 666<sup>a</sup>8, Gal.5.573<br /><b class="num">•</b>para explicar la respiración ὁπόταν μὲν ἀπαΐξῃ τέρεν [[αἷμα]], αἰθὴρ παφλάζων καταΐσσεται Emp.B 100.6, cf. Emp.B 100.22<br /><b class="num">•</b>sobre su división en venosa y arterial διαφόρου ὄντος τοῦ αἵματος Arist.<i>PA</i> 666<sup>b</sup>29, cf. Gal.5.573, 15.262<br /><b class="num">•</b>como fundamento de otras materias biológicas: de la leche (τὸ [[αἷμα]]) πύον ἔπλετο λευκόν Emp.B 68, del semen, Diog.Apoll.B 6, o simplemente τὸ [[αἷμα]] τῆς γενέσεως ἡμῶν ὡς ὕλη Gal.5.672<br /><b class="num">•</b>junto c. el semen principio de nacimiento [[αἷμα]] καὶ σπέρμα τῆς γενέσεως ἡμῶν εἰσιν ἀρχαί Gal.6.3<br /><b class="num">•</b>en la expresión ἐξ αἵματος trad. de lat. jur. <i>a sanguine</i> o <i>ex sanguine</i>, [[en el momento de nacer]], [[desde el nacimiento]] παιδίον ... ὃ ἠγόρασα ἐξ αἵματος <i>ILeukopetra</i> 39.7 (II d.C.), cf. <i>ILeukopetra</i> 103.12 (III d.C.), <i>TC</i> 198.3 (imper.)<br /><b class="num">•</b>como sede de las facultades psicológicas [[αἷμα]] γὰρ ἀνθρώποις περικάρδιόν ἐστι νόημα la sangre que está alrededor del corazón es el pensamiento de los hombres</i> Emp.B 105.3, πότερον τὸ αἷμά ἐστιν ᾧ φρονοῦμεν Pl.<i>Phd</i>.96b, τρέφεσθαί τε τὴν ψυχὴν ἀπὸ τοῦ αἵματος Pythag.B 1a.30, τοὺς [[αἷμα]] φάσκοντας τὴν ψυχήν Arist.<i>de An</i>.405<sup>b</sup>4<br /><b class="num">•</b>frec. en textos medic. Hp.<i>Aër</i>.10, <i>Mochl</i>.36<br /><b class="num">•</b>fig. καὶ μὴ τό μευ αἶμα νύκτα κἠμέρην πῖνε no me bebas la sangre día y noche</i>, e.d., no me irrites constantemente</i> Herod.5.7.<br /><b class="num">II</b> <b class="num">1</b>[[sangre]] como [[relación de parentesco]], [[consanguinidad]], [[raza]], [[linaje]] ταύτης τοι γενεῆς τε καὶ αἵματος εὔχομαι εἶναι <i>Il</i>.6.211, 20.241, cf. <i>Od</i>.8.583, ἀνδρὸς [[αἷμα]] συγγενὲς κτείνας S.<i>Fr</i>.799.3, ἂν αἰσχύνοιμι τοὺς πρὸς αἵματος deshonraría a los de mi linaje</i> S.<i>Ai</i>.1305, cf. Arist.<i>Pol</i>.1262<sup>a</sup>11, αἷμ' ἀπὸ Σπάρτας Pi.<i>N</i>.11.34, Περσήιον [[αἷμα]] Theoc.24.73, κα[σιγνή] των ἱερὸν [[αἷμα]] θεῶν Call.<i>SHell</i>.254.2, cf. <i>Fr</i>.67.7, <i>Del</i>.282, αἷμα Ἐρεχθειδᾶν <i>IG</i> 2<sup>2</sup>.3118.4 (II d.C.), τέκνα ἐκ τοῦ αἵματος μου <i>MAMA</i> 6.225 (Frigia, imper.), αἵματος ἀγνώστοιο ... γένος Nonn.<i>D</i>.46.57, ἐξ αἱμάτων γεννηθῆναι op. [[ἐκ Θεοῦ]] nacer del linaje humano op. de Dios</i>, <i>Eu.Io</i>.1.13.<br /><b class="num">2</b> de pers. no relacionadas por parentesco sino por una actividad común [[clase]], [[raza]] [[αἷμα]] ποιμένων Semon.19.<br /><b class="num">III</b> <b class="num">1</b>[[sangre derramada]], [[crimen]], [[asesinato]] προτέρων [[αἷμα]] la muerte de las anteriores víctimas</i> A.<i>A</i>.1338, ὅμαιμον [[αἷμα]] A.<i>Supp</i>.449, φεύγων τόδ' [[αἷμα]] κοινόν A.<i>Ch</i>.1038, κακῆς γυναικὸς οὕνεχ' αἷμ' ἐπράξαμεν E.<i>Or</i>.1139, φεύγεν τὴν ἐφ' αἵματι φυγήν que sean condenados al destierro por asesinato</i>, <i>Milet</i> 1(6).187.2 (V a.C.), ἐφ' αἵματι φεύγειν D.21.105, παῦε μὲν φυγάς, παῦε δ' [[αἷμα]] Philostr.<i>VA</i> 8.7, ὑπὲρ ἀστραγάλων [[αἷμα]] ἕν Philostr.<i>Her</i>.23.8, [[LXX]] <i>Sap</i>.14.25, Hdn.2.6.14, εἴργασται δ' ἐμοὶ μητρῷον [[αἷμα]] he derramado la sangre de mi madre</i> E.<i>Or</i>.285, ἐγχέαντας αὐτῆς τὸ ἀναίτιον [[αἷμα]] ἀδίκως <i>ID</i> 2532.1A.6 (Renea II/I a.C.), τὸ [[αἷμα]] αὐτοῦ ἐφ' ἡμᾱς καὶ ἐπὶ τὰ τέκνα ἡμῶν <i>Eu.Matt</i>.27.25, τιμὴ αἵματος precio de sangre</i>, recompensa por un crimen</i>, <i>Eu.Matt</i>.27.6, λαβὲ τοὺς χαλκοῦς τοῦ αἵματος <i>UPZ</i> 77.2.9 (II a.C.)<br /><b class="num">•</b>fig. [[muerte]] νεακόνητον [[αἷμα]] de una espada, S.<i>El</i>.1394, οὔπω μέχρις αἵματος ἀντικατέστητε no habéis resistido hasta la sangre (e.d. la muerte)</i>, <i>Ep.Hebr</i>.12.4, del fin del mundo δι' αἵματος καὶ πυρός Herm.<i>Vis</i>.4.3.3.<br /><b class="num">2</b> [[derramamiento de sangre]], [[sacrificio]], [[sangre expiatoria]] (el labrador es) [[ἄπειρος]] αἵματος op. los sacrificios vegetales, Max.Tyr.24.4<br /><b class="num">•</b>esp. en lit. crist. [[αἷμα]] ἀρνίου <i>Apoc</i>.7.14, cf. <i>Ep.Rom</i>.3.25, τοῦτο [[γάρ]] ἐστιν τὸ αἷμά μου τῆς διαθήκης τὸ περὶ πολλῶν ἐκχυννόμενον εἰς ἄφεσιν ἁμαρτιῶν <i>Eu.Matt</i>.26.28.<br /><b class="num">IV</b> fig., ref. otros líquidos, c. dif. determ. [[sangre]] αἷμα βακχίου sangre de Baco</i>, e.e., vino</i> Tim.4.4, αἷμα σταφυλῆς [[LXX]] <i>Si</i>.39.26, [[αἷμα]] ἐκ τῆς ληνοῦ <i>Apoc</i>.14.20, [[αἷμα]] γλυκύ Ach.Tat.2.2.4<br /><b class="num">•</b>de tintes o colorantes <i>PHolm</i>.15.25, <i>PLeid</i>.X.98.3, [[αἷμα]] τῶν κοχλίων púrpura</i> Luc.<i>Cat</i>.16, ἄστρων [[αἷμα]] rocío</i> Artem.4.22.<br /><b class="num">V</b> bot. como primer componente de muchos nombres de plantas [[αἷμα Ἀθηνᾶς]] = [[pinillo]], [[pinillo oloroso]], [[hierba artética]], [[Ajuga chamaepitys (L.) Schreb.]], Ps.Dsc.3.158, Ps.Apul.<i>Herb</i>.26.9, <i>Gloss</i>.3.561, 562<br /><b class="num">•</b>[[αἷμα Ἄμμωνος]] = [[nébeda]], [[hierba gatera]], [[Nepeta cataria]] L., Ps.Apul.<i>Herb</i>.94.6, <i>Gloss</i>.3.561<br /><b class="num">•</b>[[αἷμα ἀνθρώπου]] = [[artemisa arborescente]], [[ajenjo moruno]], [[Artemisia arborescens]] L. de Oriente, Ps.Dsc.3.113, Ps.Apul.<i>Herb</i>.10.15, <i>Gloss</i>.3.562<br /><b class="num">•</b>[[αἷμα Ἀπόλλωνος]] = [[camedrio acuático]], [[escordio]], [[Teucrium scordium]] L., Ps.Dsc.3.111<br /><b class="num">•</b>[[αἷμα Ἄρεως]] = [[lirio de San Antonio]], [[azucena]], [[Lilium candidum]] L., Ps.Dsc.3.102<br /><b class="num">•</b>tb. [[verdolaga]], [[Portulaca oleracea]] L., Ps.Apul.<i>Herb</i>.104.7, <i>Gloss</i>.3.551<br /><b class="num">•</b>[[αἷμα γαλῆς]] = [[doradilla]], [[Ceterach officinarum]] Willd., Ps.Dsc.3.134, Ps.Apul.<i>Herb</i>.56.13, <i>Gloss</i>.3.561<br /><b class="num">•</b>tb. [[pata de lobo]], [[menta de lobo]], [[marrubio acuático]], [[Lycopus europaeus]] L., Ps.Dsc.4.59, Ps.Apul.<i>Herb</i>.66.8, <i>Gloss</i>.3.561, 562<br /><b class="num">•</b>tb. [[cinoglosa]], [[Cynoglossum creticum]] Miller, <i>Gloss</i>.3.561<br /><b class="num">•</b>[[αἷμα Ἑρμοῦ]] = [[pata de lobo]], cf. <i>supra</i>, Ps.Dsc.4.59<br /><b class="num">•</b>[[αἷμα Ἡρακλέους]] = [[centaura mayor]], [[Centaurea centaurium]] L., Ps.Dsc.3.6, Ps.Apul.<i>Herb</i>.34.18, <i>Gloss</i>.3.561<br /><b class="num">•</b>tb. [[centaura menor]], [[Centaurium erythraea centaurium]] Ps.Dsc.3.7, Ps.Apul.<i>Herb</i>.35.22<br /><b class="num">•</b>[[αἷμα ἴβεως]] = [[zarza]], [[Rubus fruticosus]] L., Ps.Dsc.4.37, Ps.Apul.<i>Herb</i>.88.31, <i>Gloss</i>.3.561<br /><b class="num">•</b>[[αἷμα ἰκτῖνος]] = [[cohombrillo amargo]], [[pepinillo del diablo]], [[Ecballium elaterium]] (L.) A. Rich., Ps.Apul.<i>Herb</i>.114.14<br /><b class="num">•</b>[[αἷμα κροκοδείλου]] otro n. de [[ζῳόνυχον]] un tipo de [[leóntica]], [[Leontice leontopetalum]] L., Ps.Dsc.4.133<br /><b class="num">•</b>[[αἷμα προβάτου]] (?) [[narciso]] Ps.Apul.<i>Herb</i>.55.7<br /><b class="num">•</b>[[αἷμα ταύρου]] = [[marrubio]], [[Marrubium vulgare]] L. y [[Marrubium creticum]] L., Ps.Dsc.3.105, Ps.Apul.<i>Herb</i>.45.29, <i>Gloss</i>.3.561<br /><b class="num">•</b>[[αἷμα Τιτάνου]] otro n. de [[σιδηρῖτις]] [[rabo de gato]], [[Sideritis]] sp., Ps.Dsc.4.33, Ps.Apul.<i>Herb</i>.49.10<br /><b class="num">•</b>tb. [[zarza]] cf. <i>supra</i> Ps.Dsc.4.37, Ps.Apul.<i>Herb</i>.88.31, <i>Gloss</i>.3.561<br /><b class="num">•</b>[[αἷμα Τυφῶνος]] otro n. de [[λάπαθον]] [[romaza blanca o borracha]], [[Rumex conglomeratus Murray]], Ps.Dsc.2.114, Ps.Apul.<i>Herb</i>.13.8 (ap.crít.), <i>Gloss</i>.3.561<br /><b class="num">•</b>[[αἷμα Ὥρου]] = [[apio]], [[Apium graveolens]] L., Ps.Dsc.3.64, Ps.Apul.<i>Herb</i>.119.6, como n. secreto de diversas piedras o plantas con virtudes mág. [[αἷμα ὄφεως]]· [[αἱματίτης]] [[λίθος]] <i>PMag</i>.12.410, [[αἷμα Ἄρεως]]· [[ἀνδράχνη]] <i>PMag</i>.12.420, cf. 422.<br /><b class="num">• Etimología:</b> Hay varias propuestas ninguna de las cuales resulta convincente, quizás la mejor sea la que parte de ἵημι: [[αἷμα]] sería ‘[[herida]]’, ‘[[derramamiento]] de [[sangre]]’ y de ahí ‘[[sangre]]’. | ||
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{{bailly | {{bailly | ||
|btext= | |btext=αἵματος (τό) :<br /><b>1</b> [[sang]] ; τὰ αἵματα flots de sang;<br /><b>2</b> [[sang versé]], [[meurtre]] ; ἀπόφονον [[αἷμα]] EUR sang qui n'aurait pas dû être répandu ; [[αἷμα]] γενέθλιον EUR meurtre d'une mère ; αἵματος δίκαι ESCHL accusation de meurtre ; ἐφ' αἵματι φεύγειν DÉM être banni comme coupable de meurtre ; [[αἷμα]] πράττειν EUR faire payer la dette du sang ; αἵματος πράκτορες ESCHL vengeresses qui exigent la rançon du sang;<br /><b>3</b> <i>fig.</i> sang, liens du sang, parenté, race : αἵματος εἶς ἀγαθοῖο OD tu es d'un bon sang, d'une bonne race ; [[ἐξ]] αἵματος [[εἶναι]] IL, ἀφ' αἵματος [[εἶναι]] SOPH, [[ἐν]] αἵματι ESCHL être du sang de qqn ; ὁ πρὸς αἵματος SOPH qui est du même sang, parent;<br /><b>4</b> [[âme]] ; force, courage.<br />'''Étymologie:''' DELG sans étymologie sûre. | ||
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{{elnl | {{elnl | ||
|elnltext=[[αἷμα]] | |elnltext=[[αἷμα]] αἵματος, τό<br /><b class="num">1.</b> [[bloed]]; plur. stromen bloed; ook van de vloeistof die de purperslak afscheidt. Luc. 19.16.<br /><b class="num">2.</b> uitbr. [[bloedvergieten]], [[moord]]:; ὅμαιμον [[αἷμα]] moord op een bloedverwant Aeschl. Suppl. 449; πράκτορες αἵματος wrekers van de moord Aeschl. Eum. 319; [[αἷμα]] γενέθλιον moedermoord Eur. Or. 192; ἐφ’ αἵματι φεύγειν terecht staan voor moord Dem. 21.105; overdr.. νεακόνητον [[αἷμα]] vers gescherpt bloed (van een zwaard dat net is gescherpt om bloed mee te vergieten) Soph. El. 1394.<br /><b class="num">3.</b> [[bloedlijn]], [[afkomst]], [[stam]], [[geslacht]]:; αἷμά τε καὶ [[γένος]] αὐτῶν iemands eigen bloed en familie Od. 8.583; αἵματός εἰς ἀγαθοῖο je bent van goede afkomst Od. 4.611; redundant:. οἳ σῆς ἐξ αἵματός εἰσι γενέθλης die van jouw geslacht zijn (door bloedverwantschap) Il. 19.111; ἐγὼ δὲ μητρὸς τῆς ἐμῆς ἐν αἵματι; ben ik dan (het kind) van mijn moeder in bloedlijn? Aeschl. Eum. 606; [[τις]] ἀφ’ αἵματος ὑμετέρου iemand van uw eigen bloed Soph. OC 245; τοὺς πρὸς αἵματος mijn bloedverwanten Soph. Ai. 1305; Περσήιον [[αἷμα]] het bloed (d.w.z. de nakomeling) van Perseus Theocr. 24.73. | ||
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{{elru | {{elru | ||
|elrutext='''αἷμα:''' | |elrutext='''αἷμα:''' αἵματος τό<br /><b class="num">1</b> [[кровь]], pl. [[потоки крови]] Hom., Pind., Trag., Xen., Plat., Arst., Plut.: τὸ αἷμα τῶν κοχλίδων Luc. [[пурпурный сок улиток]];<br /><b class="num">2</b> [[кровопролитие]], [[убийство]]: πράκτορες αἵματος Aesch. [[мстительницы за убийство]]; αἵματος или αἱμάτων δίκαι Aesch., Plat. [[обвинение в убийстве]]; τὸ δυσέριστον αἷ. Soph. [[кровопролитный раздор]]; αἷ. и ἐφ᾽ αἵματι φεύγειν Eur., Dem. [[подвергнуться изгнанию за убийство]];<br /><b class="num">3</b> [[кровное родство]], [[родня]], [[род]] (γενεὴ καὶ αἷμα Hom.): εἶναι τῆς γενεῆς или ἐξ αἵματος Hom., ἐν αἵματι Aesch. и ἀφ᾽ αἵματός τινος Soph. принадлежать к чьему-л. роду или быть в кровном родстве с кем-л.; ὁ πρὸς αἵματος Soph. [[кровный родственник]];<br /><b class="num">4</b> [[прямой потомок]], [[отпрыск]] (Περσήϊον αἷ. Theocr.). | ||
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{{etym | {{etym | ||
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===[[courage]]=== | ===[[courage]]=== | ||
Abkhaz: агәымшәара; Afrikaans: moed, dapperheid; Albanian: guxim, trimëri; Arabic: شَجَاعَة, جَسَارَة; Egyptian Arabic: جسارة; Hijazi Arabic: شجاعة; South Levantine Arabic: شجاعة; Aragonese: corache; Armenian: քաջություն, արիություն, խիզախություն; Assamese: সাহ, সাহস; Asturian: coraxe, bravura, braveza; Azerbaijani: cəsarət; Bashkir: батырлыҡ, ҡыйыулыҡ, тәүәккәллек, баҙнатлыҡ; Basque: kemen; Belarusian: смеласць, храбрасць, адвага, мужнасць; Bengali: সাহস; Breton: nerz-kalon; Bulgarian: смелост, храброст, кураж; Burmese: သူရသတ္တိ; Catalan: coratge, valor; Cherokee: ᎠᎵᎦᎵᏴᎯ; Chinese Mandarin: 勇氣／勇气, 膽量／胆量; Czech: odvaha, kuráž, statečnost; Danish: mod, tapperhed; Dutch: [[moed]], [[dapperheid]]; Esperanto: kuraĝo; Estonian: julgus, vaprus; Faroese: dirvi, mót, áræði, treysti; Finnish: rohkeus, urheus, urhoollisuus; French: [[bravoure]], [[courage]], [[cœur]], [[vaillance]]; Friulian: fiât; Galician: afouteza, coraxe, carraxe, brúo, braveza, xirio, ardemento, cordoxo; Georgian: გულადობა, მამაცობა, ვაჟკაცობა; German: [[Courage]], [[Herz]], [[Mut]], [[Tapferkeit]]; Gothic: 𐌱𐌰𐌻𐌸𐌴𐌹; Greek: [[κουράγιο]], [[θάρρος]], [[γενναιότητα]], [[ανδρεία]]; Ancient Greek: [[ἀγηνορία]], [[αἷμα]], [[ἀλκή]], [[ἀνάτασις]], [[ἀνδραγαθία]], [[ἀνδραγαθίη]], [[ἀνδρεία]], [[ἀρετή]], [[εὐανδρία]], [[εὐτολμία]], [[θάρρος]], [[θάρσος]], [[θέρσος]], [[θράσος]], [[κάρτος]], [[λῆμα]], [[μένος]], [[τἀνδρεῖον]], [[τὸ ἀνδρεῖον]], [[τόλμα]], [[τόλμη]], [[φρόνημα]]; Guaraní: py'aguasu; Gujarati: હિંમત; Hawaiian: koa; Hebrew: אֹמֶץ; Hindi: साहस, हौसला, हिम्मत; Hungarian: bátorság; Icelandic: hugrekki, kjarkur; Ido: kurajo; Indonesian: keberanian; Interlingua: corage; Irish: misneach, sprid; Italian: [[coraggio]]; Japanese: 勇気, 度胸; Javanese: wani, kawenan; Kazakh: батылдық, аужарлық; Khmer: សេចក្ដីក្លាហាន; Korean: 용기(勇氣); Kurdish Northern Kurdish: wêrekî, bistehî, cesaret, curet, mêranî; Kyrgyz: кайрат, кайраттуулук, жүрөктүүлүк; Ladino: koraje, animo, djesaret; Lao: ເສົາຣະຍະ, ຄວາມກ້າຫານ; Latin: [[fortitudo]], [[virtus]], [[animus]], [[audentia]]; Latvian: drosme; Lithuanian: drąsa; Luxembourgish: Mutt, Courage; Macedonian: храброст, смелост; Malay: keberanian; Malayalam: ധൈര്യം; Maltese: kuraġġ; Maori: hautoa, māia, toa; Mirandese: coraige; Mongolian: эр зориг; Nepali: बहादुरी, साहस; Norwegian Bokmål: mot, tapperhet; Occitan: coratge; Old English: nōþ; Ossetian: хъӕбатырдзинад; Persian: شهامت, جرات, جسارت, شجاعت; Polish: odwaga, męstwo, śmiałość; Portuguese: [[coragem]], [[coração]], [[valentia]]; Romanian: curaj; Russian: [[смелость]], [[храбрость]], [[отвага]], [[мужество]]; Scottish Gaelic: tapachd; Serbo-Croatian Cyrillic: храбро̄ст, сме̏ло̄ст; Roman: hrábrōst, smȅlōst; Sicilian: curaggiu; Slovak: odvaha; Slovene: pogum, hrabrost; Spanish: [[coraje]], [[valor]], [[valentía]]; Swahili: ujasiri; Swedish: mod, tapperhet; Tagalog: tapang, katapangan, lakas ng loob; Tajik: ҷасурӣ, далерӣ, диловарӣ, ҷуръат, ҷасорат; Tamil: தைரியம்; Telugu: ధైర్యము; Thai: ความกล้า, ความกล้าหาญ; Tibetan: སྙིང་སྟོབས; Turkish: cesaret, yüreklilik; Turkmen: batyrlyk, mertlik, ýüreklilik; Tuvan: эрес дидим чорук; Ukrainian: сміливість, хоробрість, мужність, відвага; Urdu: ساہس, ہمت; Uyghur: جاسارەت; Uzbek: botirlik, jasurlik, mardlik, jasorat; Vietnamese: can đảm; Volapük: kurad; Welsh: hyfdra; West Frisian: moed; White Hmong: peevxwm, peev xwm; Yiddish: מוט; Zazaki: cesaret, egitey; Zulu: isibindi | Abkhaz: агәымшәара; Afrikaans: moed, dapperheid; Albanian: guxim, trimëri; Arabic: شَجَاعَة, جَسَارَة; Egyptian Arabic: جسارة; Hijazi Arabic: شجاعة; South Levantine Arabic: شجاعة; Aragonese: corache; Armenian: քաջություն, արիություն, խիզախություն; Assamese: সাহ, সাহস; Asturian: coraxe, bravura, braveza; Azerbaijani: cəsarət; Bashkir: батырлыҡ, ҡыйыулыҡ, тәүәккәллек, баҙнатлыҡ; Basque: kemen; Belarusian: смеласць, храбрасць, адвага, мужнасць; Bengali: সাহস; Breton: nerz-kalon; Bulgarian: смелост, храброст, кураж; Burmese: သူရသတ္တိ; Catalan: coratge, valor; Cherokee: ᎠᎵᎦᎵᏴᎯ; Chinese Mandarin: 勇氣／勇气, 膽量／胆量; Czech: odvaha, kuráž, statečnost; Danish: mod, tapperhed; Dutch: [[moed]], [[dapperheid]]; Esperanto: kuraĝo; Estonian: julgus, vaprus; Faroese: dirvi, mót, áræði, treysti; Finnish: rohkeus, urheus, urhoollisuus; French: [[bravoure]], [[courage]], [[cœur]], [[vaillance]]; Friulian: fiât; Galician: afouteza, coraxe, carraxe, brúo, braveza, xirio, ardemento, cordoxo; Georgian: გულადობა, მამაცობა, ვაჟკაცობა; German: [[Courage]], [[Herz]], [[Mut]], [[Tapferkeit]]; Gothic: 𐌱𐌰𐌻𐌸𐌴𐌹; Greek: [[κουράγιο]], [[θάρρος]], [[γενναιότητα]], [[ανδρεία]]; Ancient Greek: [[ἀγηνορία]], [[αἷμα]], [[ἀλκή]], [[ἀνάτασις]], [[ἀνδραγαθία]], [[ἀνδραγαθίη]], [[ἀνδρεία]], [[ἀρετή]], [[εὐανδρία]], [[εὐτολμία]], [[θάρρος]], [[θάρσος]], [[θέρσος]], [[θράσος]], [[κάρτος]], [[λῆμα]], [[μένος]], [[τἀνδρεῖον]], [[τὸ ἀνδρεῖον]], [[τόλμα]], [[τόλμη]], [[φρόνημα]]; Guaraní: py'aguasu; Gujarati: હિંમત; Hawaiian: koa; Hebrew: אֹמֶץ; Hindi: साहस, हौसला, हिम्मत; Hungarian: bátorság; Icelandic: hugrekki, kjarkur; Ido: kurajo; Indonesian: keberanian; Interlingua: corage; Irish: misneach, sprid; Italian: [[coraggio]]; Japanese: 勇気, 度胸; Javanese: wani, kawenan; Kazakh: батылдық, аужарлық; Khmer: សេចក្ដីក្លាហាន; Korean: 용기(勇氣); Kurdish Northern Kurdish: wêrekî, bistehî, cesaret, curet, mêranî; Kyrgyz: кайрат, кайраттуулук, жүрөктүүлүк; Ladino: koraje, animo, djesaret; Lao: ເສົາຣະຍະ, ຄວາມກ້າຫານ; Latin: [[fortitudo]], [[virtus]], [[animus]], [[audentia]]; Latvian: drosme; Lithuanian: drąsa; Luxembourgish: Mutt, Courage; Macedonian: храброст, смелост; Malay: keberanian; Malayalam: ധൈര്യം; Maltese: kuraġġ; Maori: hautoa, māia, toa; Mirandese: coraige; Mongolian: эр зориг; Nepali: बहादुरी, साहस; Norwegian Bokmål: mot, tapperhet; Occitan: coratge; Old English: nōþ; Ossetian: хъӕбатырдзинад; Persian: شهامت, جرات, جسارت, شجاعت; Polish: odwaga, męstwo, śmiałość; Portuguese: [[coragem]], [[coração]], [[valentia]]; Romanian: curaj; Russian: [[смелость]], [[храбрость]], [[отвага]], [[мужество]]; Scottish Gaelic: tapachd; Serbo-Croatian Cyrillic: храбро̄ст, сме̏ло̄ст; Roman: hrábrōst, smȅlōst; Sicilian: curaggiu; Slovak: odvaha; Slovene: pogum, hrabrost; Spanish: [[coraje]], [[valor]], [[valentía]]; Swahili: ujasiri; Swedish: mod, tapperhet; Tagalog: tapang, katapangan, lakas ng loob; Tajik: ҷасурӣ, далерӣ, диловарӣ, ҷуръат, ҷасорат; Tamil: தைரியம்; Telugu: ధైర్యము; Thai: ความกล้า, ความกล้าหาญ; Tibetan: སྙིང་སྟོབས; Turkish: cesaret, yüreklilik; Turkmen: batyrlyk, mertlik, ýüreklilik; Tuvan: эрес дидим чорук; Ukrainian: сміливість, хоробрість, мужність, відвага; Urdu: ساہس, ہمت; Uyghur: جاسارەت; Uzbek: botirlik, jasurlik, mardlik, jasorat; Vietnamese: can đảm; Volapük: kurad; Welsh: hyfdra; West Frisian: moed; White Hmong: peevxwm, peev xwm; Yiddish: מוט; Zazaki: cesaret, egitey; Zulu: isibindi | ||
===[[murder]]=== | |||
Albanian: vras; Arabic: قَتْل; Armenian: սպանություն; Asturian: asesinatu; Azerbaijani: qətl, öldürmə; Basque: erailketa; Belarusian: забо́йства; Bengali: খূনকতল; Bulgarian: предумишлено уби́йство; Burmese: လူသတ်မှု; Catalan: assassinat; Chinese Cantonese: 殺人, 杀人, 謀殺, 谋杀; Mandarin: 殺人, 杀人, 謀殺, 谋杀; Min Nan: 殺人, 杀人, 謀殺, 谋杀; Czech: vražda; Danish: mord; Dutch: moord, doodslag; Esperanto: murdo; Estonian: mõrv, roim; Finnish: murha; French: meurtre, homicide; Old French: murtre; Galician: asasinato; Georgian: მკვლელობა; German: [[Mord]]; Gothic: 𐌼𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌸𐍂; Greek: [[φόνος]], [[δολοφονία]], [[ανθρωποκτονία]]; Ancient Greek: [[αἷμα]], [[κονή]], [[κτόνος]], [[τάφος]], [[φονή]], [[φόνος]]; Hebrew: רֶצַח; Hindi: ख़ून, क़त्ल, हत्या, घात; Hungarian: gyilkosság; Icelandic: morð; Ido: ocido; Indonesian: pembunuhan; Irish: dúnmharú; Italian: assassinio, omicidio, uccisione; Japanese: 殺人, 謀殺; Kabyle: timenɣiwt; Korean: 살인); Kurdish Central Kurdish: کوشتن; Kyrgyz: адам өлтүрүү; Lao: ຄາດຕະກຳ; Latin: [[interfectio]], [[homicidium]]; Latvian: slepkavība; Lithuanian: nužudymas, žmogžudystė; Macedonian: убиство; Malagasy: vono; Malay: pembunuhan; Malayalam: കൊല, ഹത്യ; Maori: kōhuru; Norman: meurtre; Norwegian: mord; Ojibwe: nitaagewin; Old English: morþor; Persian: قتل; Plautdietsch: Mort; Polish: morderstwo, zabójstwo; Portuguese: assassínio, homicídio, assassinato; Romanian: asasinat, crimă; Russian: уби́йство, мо́крое де́ло, мокру́ха; Scottish Gaelic: mort, murt; Serbo-Croatian Cyrillic: убиство, убојство, уморство; Roman: ubistvo, ùbōjstvo, umórstvo; Slovak: vražda; Slovene: umor inan; Spanish: asesinato; Swedish: mord; Tagalog: pagpatay; Tajik: қатл, одамкушӣ, куштор; Tamil: கொலை; Telugu: హత్య; Thai: ฆาตกรรม; Tocharian B: kāwälñe; Turkish: cinayet, adam öldürme; Ukrainian: уби́вство, вби́вство; Vietnamese: giết người, vụ giết người, ám sát, vụ ám sát; Welsh: llofruddiaeth; Xhosa: ukubulala; Yiddish: מאָרד; Yoruba: ìpànìyàn; Zulu: ukubulala | |||
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