δή: Difference between revisions

|Definition=prop. a temporal Particle (cf. [[ἤδη]]),<br><span class="bld">A</span> [[at this]] or [[that point]]: hence, [[now]], [[then]], [[already]], or [[at length]]:<br><span class="bld">I</span> in Ep. (rarely Lyr.) sometimes at the beginning of a sentence or clause, Τεῦκρε πέπον, δὴ νῶϊν ἀπέκτατο πιστὸς ἑταῖρος Il.15.437; δὴ πάμπαν ἀποίχεαι ἀνδρὸς ἑῆος 19.342; δὴ γὰρ μέγα νεῖκος ὄρωρεν 13.122; <b class="b3">δὴ τότε, δή ῥα τότε</b>, 1.476, 13.719, al., cf. Pi.''O.''3.25, A.''Th.''214 (lyr.): but usually second (or nearly so), freq. with Numerals and temporal Particles, ὀκτὼ δὴ προέηκα… ὀϊστούς Il. 8.297; <b class="b3">ἐννέα δὴ βεβάασι… ἐνιαυτοί</b> [[full]] nine years, 2.134; <b class="b3">ἕκτον δὲ δὴ τόδ' ἦμαρ</b> this is [[just]] the sixth day, [[Euripides|E.]], ''[[Orestes|Or.]]''39, cf. Il.24.107, etc.: also after Advbs. of [[time]], <b class="b3">πολλάκι δή</b> many a time [[and oft]], often [[ere now]], 19.85; ὀψὲ δὲ δή 7.94; τρὶς δή Pi.''P.''9.91; <b class="b3">πάλαι δή</b>, Lat. [[jamdudum]], S.''Ph.''806; <b class="b3">νῦν δή</b> [[just]] now, [[Aristophanes|Ar.]]''[[The Birds|Av.]]''923 (freq. written [[νυνδή]], [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Theaetetus|Tht.]]''145b, etc.); <b class="b3">νῦν τε καὶ ἄλλοτε δή</b> ib.187d; now [[at length]], Id.''R.''353a, etc.; <b class="b3">τότε δή</b> at that [[very]] time, Th.1.49, etc.; <b class="b3">αὐτίκα δὴ μάλα</b> this [[very]] instant, [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Republic|R.]]'' 338b, etc.; <b class="b3">ὕστερον δή</b> [[yet]] later, Th.2.17: freq. with temporal Conjunctions, <b class="b3">ἐπεὶ δή</b> (written [[ἐπειδή]], [[quod vide|q.v.]]), etc.<br><span class="bld">II</span> without temporal significance, as a Particle of emphasis, [[in fact]], [[of course]], [[certainly]], <b class="b3">ναὶ δή, ἦ δή</b>, Il.1.286,518, etc.; <b class="b3">οὐ δή</b> [[surely]] not, S.''Ph.''246, cf. [[Euripides|E.]], ''[[Orestes|Or.]]''1069, etc.; <b class="b3">δῆλα δή</b>, v. [[δῆλος]]; with Verbs, δὴ γὰρ ἴδον ὀφθαλμοῖσι Il.15.488; νῦν δὲ ὁρᾶτε δή [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Cyropaedia|Cyr.]]'' 3.2.12; καὶ ἴστε δὴ οἷος… Pl.''Ap.''21a: less freq. with Substs., <b class="b3">σοφιστὴν δή τοι ὀνομάζουσι τὸν ἄνδρα εἶναι</b> they call the man a sophist [[as you know]], Id.''Prt.''311e: with Conjunctions, <b class="b3">ἵνα δή, ὡς δή</b>, Il.23.207, 5.24, etc.; ὅπως δή Th.5.85; <b class="b3">γὰρ δή</b> for [[manifestly]], A.''Ch.''874,891, [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Theaetetus|Tht.]]''156c; οὐ γὰρ δή S.''OC''265: hence with a part. representing Conjunction and Verb, <b class="b3">ἅτε δὴ ἐόντες</b> since they [[evidently]] are, [[Herodotus|Hdt.]] 8.90; but <b class="b3">ὡς φόνον νίζουσα δή</b> [[as though]] she were... E.''IT''1338, cf. [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]1.66, [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Cyropaedia|Cyr.]]''5.4.4, etc.; and so, ironically, ὡς δή Il.1.110, Ar.''V.'' 1315, ''Eq.''693, [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Protagoras|Prt.]]'' 342c, al.; freq. with σύ, ὡς δὴ σύ μοι τύραννος Ἀργείων ἔσῃ A.''Ag.''1633, cf. S.''OC''809, E.''Andr.''235, etc.; also <b class="b3">ἵνα δή</b>… [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Republic|R.]]'' 420e, ''Men.''86d; ὅτι δή… Id.''[[Phaedrus|Phdr.]]''268d; also <b class="b3">εἰσήγαγε τὰς ἑταιρίδας δή</b> the [[pretended]] courtesans, X.''HG''5.4.6, cf. E.''Ion'' 1181, Th.4.67,6.80.<br><span class="bld">2</span> freq. placed immediately after Pronouns, <b class="b3">ἐμὲ δή</b> me [[of all persons]], [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]3.155; <b class="b3">σὺ δή</b> you [[of all persons]], Id.1.115, [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Ajax|Aj.]]''1226; <b class="b3">οὗτος δή</b> this [[and no other]], [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]1.43; ὑμεῖς δὲ κεῖνοι δὴ οἵ… S.''Tr.''1091; <b class="b3">οὗτος δὴ ὁ Σωκράτης</b>, ironically, [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Theaetetus|Tht.]]''166a; <b class="b3">τὸ λεγόμενον δὴ τοῦτο</b> as the [[well-known]] saying goes, Id.''Grg.''514e, cf. E.''Hipp.''962; <b class="b3">δή τις</b> some one [[you know of]], [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Phaedo|Phd.]]'' 108c, al.: with possess. Pronouns, τὸ σὸν δὴ τοῦτο [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Symposium|Smp.]]'' 221b, cf. ''Grg.''5c8d, etc.: with relatives, ὃς δὴ νῦν κρατέει Il.21.315; τὰ δὴ καὶ ἐγένετο [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]1.22; <b class="b3">οἷος δὴ σύ</b> [[just]] such as thou, Il.24.376, cf. Od.1.32, [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Ajax|Aj.]]''995, etc.; ὅσα δή [[Aristophanes|Ar.]]''[[Acharnians|Ach.]]''1, etc.: with Adjs., <b class="b3">οἴη δή, μοῦνος δή</b>, Od.12.69, [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]1.25; ἐν πολλῇ δὴ ἀπορίᾳ ἦσαν X.''An.''3.1.2: freq. with Superlatives, μάχη ἐγένετο πλείστου δὴ χρόνου μεγίστη δὴ τῶν Ἑλληνικῶν Th.5.74; ἁπάντων δὴ ἄλγιστον [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Ajax|Aj.]]''992, etc.<br><span class="bld">III</span> to mark a transition, with or without inference, [[so]], [[then]], νίκη μὲν δὴ φαίνετ'… Il.3.457; τὴν μὲν δὴ τυραννίδα οὕτω ἔσχον [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]1.14; τοῦτο δὴ τὸ ἄγος οἱ Λακεδαιμόνιοι ἐκέλευον ἐλαύνειν Th.1.127.<br><span class="bld">IV</span> with Indef. Particles, v. [[δήποθεν, δήποτε, δήπω, δήπουθεν]]: with interrogatives, τοῦ δὴ ἕνεκα; [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Gorgias|Grg.]]'' 457e; τί δὲ δή…; Id.''Phd.''58c (simply <b class="b3">τί δή</b>; what then? R.357d); πότερα δή; S.''Ph.''1235 (and with Advbs., ποῖ δὴ καὶ πόθεν; [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Phaedrus|Phdr.]]'' init.; <b class="b3">ποῦ δή; πῇ δή</b>; ib.228e, Il.2.339, etc.): with Indef. Pronouns, [[δή]] strengthens the indef. notion, <b class="b3">ἄλλοισιν δὴ ταῦτ' ἐπιτέλλεο</b> others [[be they who they may]], Il.1.295; [[μηδεὶς δή]] = [[no one at all]], [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Theaetetus|Tht.]]''170e; [[δή τις]] = [[some one or other]], Id.''R.''498a (pl.), etc. (rarely τις δή E.''IT''946); the neut. <b class="b3">δή τι</b> is common, <b class="b3">ἦ ἄρα δή τι ἐΐσκομεν ἄξιον εἶναι</b>; in any way, [[whatever it be]], Il.13.446; τὸ ἱππικόν, τῷ δή τι καὶ ἐπεῖχε ἐλλάμψεσθαι [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]1.80; οὕτω δή τι Id.3.108, etc.; θεῶν ὅτεῳ δή [[whosoever it be]], Id.1.86; <b class="b3">ἐπὶ μισθῷ ὅσῳ δή</b>, Lat. [[quantocumque]], ib. 160, etc.; οἵα δή γε… E.''Heracl.''632, cf. ''Supp.''162; but θαυμαστὰ δὴ ὅσα [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Symposium|Smp.]]'' 220b; ὡς δή Il.5.24, etc.; so almost, = [[ἤδη, ἀναπέτομαι δὴ πρὸς Ὄλυμπον]] Anacr.24; καὶ δὴ φίλον τις ἔκταν' ἀγνοίας ὕπο A. ''Supp.''499; ἤκουσα δή S.''Ant.''823; πάθη μὲν οὖν δὴ πόλλ' ἔγωγ' ἐκλαυσάμην Id.''Tr.''153; <b class="b3">οἶσθα μὲν δή</b> ib.627; so <b class="b3">καὶ δή</b> [[already]], [[in fact]], freq. not at the beginning of the sentence, κεῖται καὶ δὴ πάνθ' ἅπερ εἶπας Ar.''Ec.''514, cf. ''Nu.''906, Theoc.5.83; but καὶ δή σφε λείπω A.''Supp.''507.<br><span class="bld">2</span> to continue a narrative, freq. after [[μέν]], [[then]], [[so]], τότε μὲν δὴ… ἡσυχίην εἶχε [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]1.11; <b class="b3">Σόλων μὲν δὴ ἔνεμε</b> ib. 32; <b class="b3">τὸν μὲν δὴ πέμπει</b> ib.116; alone, <b class="b3">εἷς δὴ τούτων.</b>. † one of these... ib.114, etc.: freq. in summing up, <b class="b3">τοιαῦτα μὲν δὴ ταῦτα</b>, Lat. [[haec hactenus]], [[Aeschylus|A.]]''[[Prometheus Vinctus|Pr.]]''500, cf. [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]1.14, Th.2.4; τούτων δὴ ἕνεκα [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Cyropaedia|Cyr.]]''3.2.28, etc.; in summing up numbers, <b class="b3">γίγνονται δὴ οὗτοι χίλιοι</b> these [[then]] amount to ''1'',000, ib.1.5.5; in resuming after a parenthesis, Ἀνδρομάχη, θυγάτηρ μεγαλήτορος Ἠετίωνος... τοῦ περ δὴ θυγάτηρ Il.6.395; οὗτος δὴ... ὁ μὲν δή [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]1.43.<br><span class="bld">b</span> with imper. and subj., μὴ δὴ… ἐπιέλπεο Il.1.545, cf. 5.684, etc.; χωρῶμεν δὴ πάντες S.''Ph.''1469; <b class="b3">ἐννοεῖτε γὰρ δή</b> for do [[but]] consider, [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Cyropaedia|Cyr.]]''4.3.5; <b class="b3">ἄγε δή, φέρε δή, ἴθι δή, σκόπει δή, λέγε δή</b>, Pl.''Sph.''235a, ''Phd.'' 63b, ''Sph.''224c, ''Phd.''80a, ''Prt.''312c.<br><span class="bld">3</span> to express what follows [[a fortiori]], <b class="b3">καὶ μετὰ ὅπλων γε δή</b> [[above all]] with arms, Th.4.78; <b class="b3">μή τί γε δή</b> not to mention, D.2.23; <b class="b3">εἰ δὲ δὴ πόλεμος ἥξει</b> Id. 1.27.<br><span class="bld">4</span> <b class="b3">καὶ δή</b> and [[what is more]], adding an emphatic statement, Il.1.161, 15.251, [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]5.67, Lys.13.4; in Prose, freq. καὶ δὴ καί... ἐς Αἴγυπτον ἀπίκετο... καὶ δὴ καὶ ἐς Σάρδις [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]1.30, etc.; <b class="b3">καὶ δὴ καὶ νῦν τί φῄς</b>; and [[now]] what do you say? [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Theaetetus|Tht.]]''187c; <b class="b3">καὶ δὴ μὲν οὖν παρόντα</b> yes, and [[actually]] here present, S.''OC''31; especially in a series, <b class="b3">ὑγίεια καὶ ἰσχὺς καὶ κάλλος καὶ πλοῦτος δή</b> and [[of course]] riches, Pl.''Men.''87e, cf. ''Tht.''159c, ''R.''367d; <b class="b3">εἴτ'… εἴτ'… εἴτεδή</b> ib.493d.<br><span class="bld">b</span> <b class="b3">καὶ δή</b> is also used in answers, <b class="b3">ἦ καὶ παρέστη κἀπὶ τέρμ' ἀφίκετο</b>; Answ. <b class="b3">καὶ δὴ 'πὶ δισσαῖς ἦν… πύλαις</b> [[yes]], he was [[even]] so far as... [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Ajax|Aj.]]''49; <b class="b3">βλέψον κάτω</b>. Answ. <b class="b3">καὶ δὴ βλέπω</b> [[well]], I am looking, Ar. ''Av.''175, cf. ''Pax''327, ''Pl.''227 sq., S.''El.''317 sq., 1436, etc.; <b class="b3">πρόσθιγέ νύν μου</b>. Answ. ψαύω καὶ δή S.''OC''173; without <b class="b3">καί, ἀποκρίνου περὶ ὧν ἂν ἐρωτῶ</b>. Answ. ἐρώτα δή [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Theaetetus|Tht.]]''157d; [[ἐρώτα]]. Answ. ἐρωτῶ δή Id.''Grg.''448b.<br><span class="bld">c</span> in assumptions or suppositions, <b class="b3">καὶ δὴ δέδεγμαι</b> and [[now suppose]] I have accepted, A.''Eu.''894, cf. ''Ch.''565, E.''Med.''386, ''Hel.'' 1059, not found in S., once in Ar.''V.''1224.<br><span class="bld">5</span> [[δή]] in apodosi, after [[εἰ]] or [[ἐάν]], Il.5.898, [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]1.108, [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Republic|R.]]'' 524e, etc.; after [[ὅτε]], [[ἡνίκα]], [[even then]], S.''Ant.''170 sq., ''El.''954; after [[ἐπεί]], [[ἐπειδάν]], [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Cyropaedia|Cyr.]]''1.6.14, [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Cratylus|Cra.]]''435e, etc.; after [[ὡς]], [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Cyropaedia|Cyr.]]''7.2.4; ἐν ᾧ δὲ ταῦτα ἐβουλεύοντο, καὶ δὴ ὁ βασιλεύς… [[already]], Id.''An.''1.10.10.