ἕως: Difference between revisions

|Definition=(A) ἡ, Att. form of the Ion. [[ἠώς]](B), Ep. [[εἵως]], [[ἧος]] (v. sub fin.), Dor. [[ἇς]], Aeol. [[ἆς]] ([[quod vide|qq.v.]]), Boeot. [[ἇς]] ''IG''7.3303, al., and [[ἅως]] ib.2228, 3315.<br><span class="bld">A</span> Relat. Particle, expressing the point of [[time]] up to which an [[action]] goes, with reference to the end of the action, [[until]], [[till]]; or to its continuance, [[while]]:<br><span class="bld">I</span> [[until]], [[till]],<br><span class="bld">1</span> with Ind., of a fact in past time, θῦνε διὰ προμάχων, ἧος φίλον ὤλεσε θυμόν Il.11.342, cf. Od.5.123; ἕως ἀπώλεσέν τε καὐτὸς ἐξαπώλετο [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Fragments|Fr.]]''236, cf. [[Aeschylus|A.]]''[[The Persians|Pers.]]''428, Pl.''Chrm.''155c, etc.; for πρίν, μὴ πρότερον ἀπελθεῖν ἕως ἀποκατέστησε τὰ πράγματα D.S.27.4: with impf. with [[ἄν]] in apodosi, of an unaccomplished action, <b class="b3">ἡδέως ἂν Καλλικλεῖ διελεγόμην, ἕως ἀπέδωκα</b> I would have gone on conversing [[till]] I had... Pl.''Grg.''506b, cf.''Cra.''396c.<br><span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b3">ἕως ἄν</b> or κε with Subj. (mostly of aor.), of an event at an uncertain future time, <b class="b3">μαχήσομαι.. ἧός κε τέλος πολέμοιο κιχείω</b> [[till]] I find, Il.3.291, cf. 24.183, [[Aeschylus|A.]]''[[Prometheus Vinctus|Pr.]]''810, etc.: [[ἄν]] is sometimes omitted in Trag., ἕως μάθῃς [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Ajax|Aj.]]''555; ἕως κληθῇ Id.''Tr.''148; ἕως ἀνῇ τὸ πῆμα Id.''Ph.''764: so freq. in later Gr., ''UPZ''18.10 (ii B. C.), ''PGrenf.'' 2.38.16 (i B. C.), ''Ev.Marc.''14.32, Vett. Val.68.18, etc.; ἕως οὗ γένηται Gem.8.32.<br><span class="bld">3</span> [[ἕως]] with Opt. (mostly of aor.), relating to an event future in relation to past time, <b class="b3">ὦρσε.. Βορέην, ἧος ὃ Φαιήκεσσι.. μιγείη</b> caused it to blow, [[till]] he should reach... Od.5.386, cf. 9.376, Ar.''Ra.''766, [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Phaedo|Phd.]]''59d; ἕως δέοι βοηθεῖν Th.3.102, cf.Lys.13.25: [[ἄν]] or κε is added to the Opt. (not to [[ἕως]]), if the event is represented as conditional, <b class="b3">ἕως κ' ἀπὸ πάντα δοθείη</b> [[till]] (if possible) all things should be given back, Od.2.78; οὐκ [ἂν] ἀποκρίναιο, ἕως ἂν σκέψαιο [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Phaedo|Phd.]]''101d, cf. S.''Tr.''687 codd., Isoc.17.15, ''IG''22.1328 (ii B.C.).<br><span class="bld">b</span> in orat. obliq., ἔδωκεν.. ἕως ἀνὴρ εἶναι δοκιμασθείην D.27.5.<br><span class="bld">c</span> by assimilation to an opt. with ἄν, [λόγον] ἂν διδοίης ἕως ἔλθοις [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Phaedo|Phd.]]''101d.<br><span class="bld">4</span> c. subj. or opt., expressing purpose, [[in order that]], Od.4.800, 6.80, 19.367; πορεύου εἰς Διονυσιάδα.. ἕως τὸν ἐκεῖ ἐλαιῶνα ποτίσῃς ''PFay.''118.12 (ii A. D.); <b class="b3">σπούδασον ἕως οὗ ἀγοράσῃ κτλ</b>. ''[[Oxyrhynchus Papyri|POxy.]]''113.25 (ii A. D.); <b class="b3">χρυσίον ἐδανισάμην ἕως ὅτε δυνηθῶ ἀγοράσαι</b> ib.130.13 (vi A. D.).<br><span class="bld">5</span> with Inf. in orat. obliq., ἐντειλάμενος διεκπλέειν ἕως.. ἀπικνέεσθαι [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]4.42: otherwise only in later Gr., ἕως ἐλθεῖν ἐς.. [[LXX]] ''Ge.''10.19, cf. ''PLond.'' 1.131r251 (i A. D.), D.H.9.4 ([[varia lectio|v.l.]]), Anon. ap. Suid.s.v. [[ἰλυσπώμενον]].<br><span class="bld">6</span> with Advbs. of [[time]] and Place, <b class="b3">ἕως ὅτε</b> [[till the time when]], c. ind., [[varia lectio|v.l.]] for [[ἔστε]] in [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Cyropaedia|Cyr.]]''5.1.25; <b class="b3">ἕως οὗ</b>, [[falsa lectio|f.l.]] for [[ἐς οὗ]], [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]2.143: freq. in later Gr., Gem.l.c., ''Ev.Matt.''1.25, etc.; <b class="b3">ἕως ὅτου</b> ib.5.25, etc.; <b class="b3">ἕως πότε</b>; [[how long]]? ib.17.17, ''Ev.Jo.''10.24; ἕως τότε [[LXX]] ''Ne.''2.16; <b class="b3">ἕως ὀψέ</b> [[till]] late, [[falsa lectio|f.l.]]for [[ἐς ὀψέ]], Th.3.108; ἕως ἄρτι ''1 Ep.Jo.''2.9; <b class="b3">ἕως ὧδε</b> [[as far as]] this place, ''Ev.Luc.''23.5.<br><span class="bld">b</span> with Preps., of [[time]], ἕως πρὸς καλὸν ἑῷον ἀστέρα ''AP''5.200; of [[place]], ἕως εἰς τὸν χάρακα Plb.1.11.14; ἕως πρὸς τὸν Καύκασον D.S.2.43; ἕως ἐπὶ τὴν θάλασσαν ''Act.Ap.''17.14.<br><span class="bld">II</span> as [[preposition]],<br><span class="bld">1</span> of [[time]], c. gen., [[until]], <b class="b3">ἕως τοῦ ἀποτεῖσαι</b> [[until]] he has made payment, Lexap.Aeschin.1.42, cf. [[LXX]] ''Ge.''3.19, etc.; ἕως τελειώσεως Epicur.''Ep.'' 2p.38U.; ἕως ὡρισμένων χρόνων Phld.''D.''1.7; <b class="b3">ἕως τινός</b> [[for]] a [[time]], Parth. 9.2, etc.; ἕως τοῦ νῦν ''Ev.Matt.''24.21; <b class="b3">ἕως Ἰωάννου</b> ib.11.13.<br><span class="bld">b</span> of [[place]], ἕως τοῦ γενέσθαι.. [[up to the point where]].. [[Aristotle|Arist.]]''[[De Partibus Animalium|PA]]''668b2, cf. ''HA''630b27, Plb.9.36.1; [[as far as]], ἕως Σάρδεων ''Ath.Mitt.''44.25 (Samos, iii B.C.); ἕως τοῦ Ἀρσινοΐτου νομοῦ ''PTeb.''33.5 (ii B.C.); ἕως Φοινίκης ''Act.Ap.''11.19: so c. gen. pers., ἦλθον ἕως αὐτοῦ ''Ev.Luc.''4.42, cf. [[LXX]] ''4 Ki.'' 4.22.<br><span class="bld">c</span> of Number or Degree, <b class="b3">ἕως τριῶν πλοίων</b> Docum. ap. D.18.106; διδόναι ἕως ταλάντων ἑκατόν [[LXX]] ''1 Es.''8.19(21); <b class="b3">οὐκ ἔστιν ἕως ἑνός</b> ib.''Ps.'' 13.3; οὐκ ἔχομεν ἕως τῆς τροφῆς τῶν κτηνῶν ''PTeb.''56.7 (ii B.C.); ἐᾶτε ἕως τούτου ''Ev.Luc.''22.51; μαχοῦμαι ἕως ζωῆς καὶ θανάτου ''OGI''266.29 (Pergam., iii B.C.); ἕως μέθης Corn.''ND''30.<br><span class="bld">2</span> rarely c. acc., ἕως πρωΐ [[LXX]] ''Jd.''19.25; ἕως μεσημβρίαν ''PLond.''1.131r346, 515 (i A.D.); <b class="b3">ἕως τὸ βωμῷ</b> [[down to]] the word "[[βωμῷ]]", Sch.Pi.''O.''6.111.<br><span class="bld">III</span> [[while]], [[so long as]], c. ind., ἧος ἐνὶ Τροίῃ πολεμίζομεν Od.13.315, cf.17.358,390; ἕως δ' ἔτ' ἔμφρων εἰμί A.''Ch.''1026, cf. ''Pers.''710 (troch.); <b class="b3">ἕως ἔτι ἐλπὶς [ἦν</b>] Th.8.40; ἕως ἔτινέος εἶ Pl.''Prm.''135d: in this sense answered in apodosi by [[τῆος]], Od.4.90, Il.20.41; by [[τόφρα]], Od.12.327, Il.18.15; by <b class="b3">τόφρα δέ</b>, 10.507; by [[δέ]] alone, 1.193, Od.4.120 codd.<br><span class="bld">b</span> <b class="b3">ἕως ἄν</b> c.subj., when the whole action is future, οὔ μοι.. ἐλπίς, ἕως ἂν αἴθῃ πῦρ A.''Ag.'' 1435; λέγειν τε χρὴ καὶ ἐρωτᾶν, ἕως ἂν ἐῶσιν [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Phaedo|Phd.]]''85b; οὐδὲν ἔστ' αὐτῷ βεβαίως ἔχειν ἕως ἂν ὑμεῖς δημοκρατῆσθε D.10.13.<br><span class="bld">c</span> [[ἕως]] c. opt. in a Conditional relative clause, φήσομεν μηδὲν ἂν μεῖζον μηδὲ ἔλαττον γενέσθαι ἕως ἴσον εἴη αὐτὸ ἐαυτῷ [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Theaetetus|Tht.]]''155a.<br><span class="bld">B</span> in Hom. sometimes Demonstr.,= [[τέως]], [[for a time]], ἧος μὲν.. ὄρνυον· αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ.. Il.12.141; ἧος μὲν ἀπείλει..· ἀλλ' ὅτε δὴ.. 13.143, cf. 17.727,730, Od.2.148; ἧος μὲν.. ἕποντο.. αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ.. Il.15.277; [[all that time]], Od.3.126, cf. [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]8.74. ([[ἕως]], as iambus, only once in Hom., Od.2.78; as a monosyll., Il.17.727, dub.l. in Od.2.148; when the first syllable is to be long codd. Hom. have [[εἵως]] or [[ἕως]] (never [[εἷος]] or [[ἧος]], Ludwich ''WkP''1890.512, exc. ειος [[varia lectio|v.l.]] (''PFay.''160) in Il.20.41), 3.291, 11.342, al.; [[εἵως]] (or [[ἕως]]) is found even when the metre requires a trochee, 1.193, al.; comparison of Dor. [[ἇς]] (from <b class="b3">*ἇος</b>) with Att.-Ion. [[ἕως]] points to early Ion. <b class="b3">*ἧος</b> (cf. Skt. yāvat 'as great as, as long as, until') and this should prob. be restored in Hom.; cf. [[τέως]].)