consilium: Difference between revisions

|lshtext=<b>consĭlĭum</b>: ii, n. from con and [[root]] sal-; Sanscr. sar-; cf. [[consul]],<br /><b>I</b> [[deliberation]], [[consultation]], a considering [[together]], [[counsel]] (cf. [[concilium]]; [[very]] freq. in all periods and [[species]] of [[composition]]).<br /><b>I</b> Prop.: consulta sunt consilia, are [[finished]], at an [[end]], Plaut. Truc. 1, 2, 7: [[quid]] in consilio consuluistis? id. Bacch. 1, 1, 6 Ritschl: [[consilium]] [[volo]] capere unā [[tecum]], Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 66: [[neque]] pol consili locum [[habeo]] [[neque]] ad [[auxilium]] copiam, id. And. 2, 1, 20: cum [[aliquo]] consilia conferre, Cic. Phil. 2, 15, 38 (v. [[confero]], I. B.): [[saepe]] in senatu consilia versata sunt, Quint. 12, 2, 21; 7, 4, 2: [[quasi]] [[vero]] consilii [[sit]] res, et non [[necesse]] [[sit]], etc., as if the [[matter]] were [[yet]] [[open]] for [[deliberation]], Caes. B. G. 7, 38; cf. Nep. Con. 4, 2: [[quid]] efficere possis, tui consilii est, is for [[you]] to [[consider]], Cic. Fam. 3, 2, 2: vestrum jam [[consilium]] est. non [[solum]] [[meum]], [[quid]] [[sit]] [[vobis]] faciendum, id. ib. 14, 14, 1: [[quid]] aetati credendum [[sit]], [[quid]] nomini, magni consilii est, id. Att. 15, 12, 2; cf.: [[nihil]] mihi [[adhuc]] accidit, [[quod]] majoris consilii esset, id. ib. 10, 1, 3: in consilio habere, Quint. 8, 2, 23: [[fit]] publici consilii [[particeps]], Cic. Cat. 1, 1, 2; cf. Quint. 12, 3, 1; 3, 8, 4: nocturna, Sall. C. 42, 2: arcanis ut interesset, Liv. 35, 18, 2 et saep.—<br /><b>II</b> [[Meton]].<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>A</b> In abstr.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>1</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A [[conclusion]] made [[with]] [[consideration]], a [[determination]], [[resolution]], [[measure]], [[plan]], [[purpose]], [[intention]], Quint. 6, 5, 3; cf.: [[consilium]] est aliquid faciendi aut non faciendi excogitata [[ratio]], Cic. Inv. 1, 25, 36; 2, 9, 31: certum, Ter. And. 2, 3, 16: callidum, id. ib. 3, 4, 10: ut sunt Gallorum subita et repentina consilia, Caes. B. G. 3, 8: aliquid communi consilio agere, id. ib.: [[consilium]] communicaverunt perfeceruntque, Suet. Calig. 56: aedificandi [[consilium]] abicere, Cic. Att. 5, 11, 6; Liv. 33, 41, 5; Tac. A. 4, 4: deponere, Caes. B. C. 3, 103.—And of the [[purpose]]. as opp. to the [[act]], etc.: [[quod]] [[initio]] scripsi, totius facti tui judicium non tam ex consilio tuo [[quam]] ex eventu homines esse facturos, Cic. Fam. 1, 7, 5: [[quasi]] [[exitus]] rerum, non hominum consilia, legibus vindicentur, id. Mil. 7, 19: mentem peccare, non [[corpus]], et [[unde]] [[consilium]] afuerit culpam abesse, Liv. 1, 58, 9. —Often [[with]] epithets characterizing the [[person]] [[who]] forms the [[purpose]], etc.: amentissimum, Cic. Att. 7, 10 init.: [[audax]], Liv. 25, 38, 18; 35, 32, 13: fortissima cousilia, id. 25, 38, 18: [[fidele]], Cic. Agr. 2, 3, 5; Curt. 6, 4, 8: [[providens]], Gell. 3, 7, 8: [[malum]], id. 4, 5, 5: temerarium, Vell. 2, 120, 2: incautum, Cic. Att. 8, 9, 3: [[lene]], Hor. C. 3, 4, 41: [[praeceps]], Suet. Aug. 8: [[repudio]] [[quod]] [[consilium]] [[primum]] intenderam, Ter. And. 4, 3, 18: eo consilio, uti frumento Caesarem intercluderet, Caes. B. G. 1, 48; 2, 9; Cic. Fin. 1, 21, 72 fin.; Sall. C. 57, 1: quo consilio huc [[imus]]? Ter. Eun. 5, 7, 1; also: hoc consilio ut, Nep. Milt. 5, 3: [[privato]] consilio, on one's [[own]] [[account]] (opp. [[publico]] consilio, in the [[name]] or [[behalf]] of the [[state]]): qui [[contra]] consulem [[privato]] consilio [[exercitus]] comparaverunt, Cic. Phil. 3, 6, 14; Caes. B. C. 3, 14; Nep. Pelop. 1, 2.—Sometimes absol. consilio adverbially, [[intentionally]], [[designedly]]: casu [[potius]] [[quam]] consilio, Cic. Fam. 5, 2, 8: [[consul]], seu [[forte]], seu consilio, Venusiam perfugit, Liv. 22, 49, 14; 35, 14, 4; Verg. A. 7, 216.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>b</b> Esp. in the phrases,<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(a)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Consilium capere, to form a [[purpose]] or [[plan]], to [[resolve]], [[decide]], [[determine]]: [[neque]], [[quid]] [[nunc]] consili capiam, [[scio]], De virgine [[istac]], Ter. Eun. 5, 2, 27: [[consilium]] capere [[with]] a gen. gerund., Caes. B. G. 3, 2; 5, 29; Cic. Att. 5, 11, 6; Liv. 39, 51, 3; 43, 3, 7; 35, 34, 4; 10, 38, 6; Sall. C. 16, 4; Curt. 8, 6, 8; 8, 7, 1; Tac. A. 6, 26; Suet. Vesp. 6; Quint. 11, 3, 180; Just. 2, 13, 5; 34, 4, 1; cf. [[with]] gen.: profectionis et reversionis meae, Cic. Phil. 1, 1, 1.—With inf., Cic. Quint. 16, 53 fin.; Caes. B. G. 7, 71; Nep. Lys. 3, 1; Liv. 44, 11, 6 al.—With ut: [[capio]] [[consilium]], ut senatum congerronum convocem, Plaut. Most. 5, 1, 8: [[consilium]] ceperunt plenum sceleris, ut [[nomen]] hujus deferrent, Cic. Rosc. Am. 10, 28; id. Verr. 2, 1, 54, § 140: [[consilium]] cepi, ut [[antequam]] luceret exirem, id. Att. 7. 10; id. Tull. 14, 34; Liv. 25, 34, 7.—And [[with]] inf.: [[consilium]] cepit ... [[iter]] in urbem patefacere, Liv. 44, 11, 7: hominis fortunas evertere, Cic. Quint. 16, 53: [[Heraclius]] capit [[consilium]] ... non adesse ad judicium, id. Verr. 2, 2, 17, § 41: ex [[oppido]] profugere, Caes. B. G. 7, 26; 7, 71; Just. 35, 1, 3.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(b)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; In the [[same]] [[sense]], inire [[consilium]], [[with]] [[similar]] [[construction]]: inita sunt consilia urbis delendae, Cic. Mur. 37, 80; 38, 81: regni occupandi [[consilium]] inire, Liv. 2, 8, 2; 6, 17, 7; 7, 38, 5: jus gentium cujus violandi causā [[consilium]] initum erat, id. 38, 25, 8; 4, 11, 4: sceleris conandi consilia inierat, Vell. 2, 35, 5; 2, 80, 6: [[Graeci]] [[consilium]] ineunt interrumpendi pontis, Just. 2, 13, 5; Suet. Calig. 48: iniit consilia reges Lacedaemoniorum tollere, Nep. Lys. 3, 1: consilia inibat, [[quemadmodum]], etc., Caes. B. G. 7, 43: de [[bello]] consilia inire incipiunt, id. ib. 7, 1: cum de recuperandā libertate [[consilium]] initum videretur, id. ib. 5, 27: consilia inita de [[regno]], Liv. 4, 15, 4: [[atrox]] [[consilium]] init, ut, etc., Tac. H. 3, 41.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(g)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Freq. [[consilium]] est, [[with]] and [[without]] inf., I [[purpose]]: ita facere, Plaut. Mil. 2, 3, 73; Ter. Hec. 3, 5, 44; Cic. Att. 5, 5, 1; Sall. C. 4, 1; 53, 6; Liv. 21, 63, 2; Sall. H. Fragm. 4, 61, 16 Dietsch. —Rarely [[with]] ut: ut [[filius]] Cum illà habitet ... hoc [[nostrum]] [[consilium]] fuit, Ter. Phorm. 5, 8, 41: ea uti acceptā mercede deseram, non est [[consilium]], Sall. J. 85, 8; and absol.: [[quid]] sui consilii [[sit]], ostendit, Caes. B. G. 1, 21.—Hence,<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>c</b> In partic., in milit. lang., a [[warlike]] [[measure]], [[device]], [[stratagem]]: [[consilium]] imperatorium [[quod]] [[Graeci]] [[στρατήγημα]] appellant, Cic. N. D. 3, 6, 15; so Caes. B. G. 7, 22; Nep. Dat. 6, 8; id. Iphicr. 1, 2; cf.: [[opportunus]] consiliis [[locus]] (= insidiis), Quint. 5, 10, 37.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>d</b> With [[special]] [[reference]] to the [[person]] for whose [[advantage]] a [[measure]] is devised, [[counsel]], [[advice]]: tu [[quidem]] [[antehac]] aliis solebas [[dare]] consilia mutua, Plaut. Ep. 1, 1, 98; so, [[dare]], Ter. And. 2, 1, 9: [[quid]] das consili? Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 93: Cethegum [[minus]] ei [[fidele]] [[consilium]] dedisse, Cic. Clu. 31, 85: vos [[lene]] [[consilium]] datis, Hor. C. 3, 4, 41; 3, 5, 45 et saep.: juvabo aut re aut operā aut consilio bono, Plaut. Ps. 1, 1, 17; imitated by Ter.: aut consolando aut consilio aut re juvero, Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 34 (quoted ap. Cic. Fam. 7, 10, 4); cf. Ter. Heaut. 5, 2, 29; Cic. Fam. 2, 7, 2; 15, 2, 2; id. Att. 13, 31, 3: te [[hortor]] ut omnia moderere prudentiā tuā, ne te auferant aliorum consilia, id. Fam. 2, 7, 1: [[sin]] aliquid impertivit [[tibi]] sui consilii, id. ib. 5, 2, 9: consiliis, non curribus utere nostris, Ov. M. 2, 146: [[facile]] [[ratio]] tam [[salubris]] consilii [[accepta]] est, Curt. 3, 7, 10: saniora consilia pati, id. 4, 1, 9.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>2</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; As a [[mental]] [[quality]], [[understanding]], [[judgment]], [[wisdom]], [[sense]], [[penetration]], [[prudence]]: et dominari in corpore toto Consilium [[quod]] nos animum mentemque vocamus, Lucr. 3, 139; 3, 450: [[acta]] [[illa]] res est [[animo]] virili, consilio puerili, Cic. Att. 14, 21, 3; cf. id. Caecin. 7, 18: ut [[popularis]] [[cupiditas]] a consilio principum dissideret, id. Sest. 49, 103: majore [[studio]] [[quam]] consilio ad [[bellum]] proficisci, Sall. H. 2, 96, 4 Dietsch: res [[forte]] [[quam]] consilio [[melius]] gestae, id. J. 92, 6: quae [[quanto]] consilio gerantur, nullo consilio adsequi possumus, Cic. N. D. 2, 38, 97: [[simul]] [[consilium]] cum re amisisti? Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 10; cf.: miseros [[prudentia]] prima relinquit, Et [[sensus]] cum re consiliumque fugit, Ov. P. 4, 12, 48: mulieres omnes [[propter]] infirmitatem consilii majores in tutorum potestate esse voluerunt, Cic. Mur. 12, 27: vir et consilii magni et virtutis, Caes. B. G. 3, 5: cum [[plus]] in [[illo]] senili [[animo]] non consilii [[modo]] sed [[etiam]] virtutis esse dicerent, Liv. 4, 13, 13; so, tam [[iners]], tam nulli consili Sum, Ter. And. 3, 5, 2: est hoc [[principium]] improbi animi, miseri ingenii, nulli consilii, Cic. Rosc. Com. 16, 48: omnes gravioris aetatis, in quibus aliquid consilii aut dignitatis fuit, Caes. B. G. 3, 16; cf. Ov. M. 6, 40: misce stultitiam consiliis brevem, Hor. C. 4, 12, 27: quae res in se [[neque]] [[consilium]] [[neque]] modum Habet ullum, eam consilio regere non potes, Ter. Eun. 1, 1, 13. —<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>b</b> Poet., transf., of inanim. things: consilii inopes ignes, [[indiscreet]], Ov. M. 9, 746: vis consili [[expers]], Hor. C. 3, 4, 65; id. S. 2, 3, 266.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>B</b> In concr., the persons [[who]] [[deliberate]], a [[council]]; of the Roman [[senate]]: senatum, id est [[orbis]] terrae [[consilium]], delere gestit, Cic. Phil. 4, 6, 14; id. Fam. 3, 8, 4; id. de Or. 2, 82, 333; id. Sest. 65, 137: summum [[consilium]] [[orbis]] terrae, id. Phil. 7, 7, 19; Liv. 1, 8, 7; 23, 22, 2; Vell. 1, 8, 6: di prohibeant, ut hoc, [[quod]] majores [[consilium]] publicum vocari voluerunt, [[praesidium]] sectorum existimetur, i. e. a [[court]] of [[justice]], Cic. Rosc. Am. 52, 151; cf.: qui ex civitate in senatum [[propter]] dignitatem, ex senatu in hoc [[consilium]] delecti estis [[propter]] severitatem, id. ib. 3, 8.—Of the [[division]] of the [[centumviri]], [[who]] sat for [[ordinary]] cases in [[four]] consilia: sedebant [[centum]] et [[octoginta]] judices, tot [[enim]] [[quattuor]] consiliis colliguntur, Plin. Ep. 6, 33, 2: omnibus non [[solum]] consiliis sed [[etiam]] sententiis [[superior]] discessit, Val. Max. 7, 7, 1: [[Galba]] consilio [[celeriter]] convocato sententias exquirere coepit, a [[council]] of [[war]], Caes. B. G. 3, 3; cf.: consilio advocato, Liv. 25, 31, 3; 43, 22, 9 al.: castrense, id. 44, 35, 4: mittunt (Carthaginienses) [[triginta]] seniorum principes: id erat sanctius [[apud]] illos [[consilium]], id. 30, 16, 3; cf. id. 35, 34, 2: [[consilium]] Jovis, Hor. C. 3, 25, 6: bonorum [[atque]] sapientium, Quint. 3, 8, 2 al.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>b</b> Facetiously: [[paulisper]] tace, Dum ego mihi consilia in animum [[convoco]], et dum [[consulo]], Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 44.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>c</b> (Acc. to II. A. 1. c.) A [[counsellor]]: [[ille]] [[ferox]] [[hortator]] pugnae consiliumque fuit, Ov. Tr. 4, 2, 32: [[Clymene]], Aethraque, Quae mihi sunt comites consiliumque duae, id. H. 16 (17), 268; id. F. 3, 276.