γέφυρα: Difference between revisions

|etymtx=Grammatical information: f.<br />Meaning: [[bridge]]; on other meanings in Homer s. below (Il.)<br />Other forms: Böot. [[βέφυρα]], Cret. [[δέφυρα]], Lak. [[δίφουρα]] (H.)<br />Derivatives: <b class="b3">γεφυρίς πόρνη τις ἐπὶ γεφύρας</b>, [[ὡς]] `[[Ηρακλέων]] H. (also with another meaning); denomin. [[γεφυρόω]] [[make a bridge]] (Ion.-Att.; Il. [[dam up]] s. below', ) with [[γεφύρωσις]] (Str.), [[γεφύρωμα]] [[bridge]] (J.), [[γεφυρωτής]] <b class="b2">builder of b.</b> (Plu.); [[γεφυρίζω]] [[abuse]] (Plu.), acc. to H. "<b class="b3">ἐπεὶ ἐν Ἐλευσῖνι ἐπὶ τῆς γεφύρας τοῖς μυστηρίοις καθεζόμενοι ἔσκωπτον τοὺς παριόντας</b>"; from there [[γεφυρισμός]] (Str.), [[γεφυριστής]] (Plu.).<br />Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]<br />Etymology: The variation of the first consonant suggests labiovelar <b class="b2">gʷ-</b>, but then the <b class="b3">γ-</b> cannot be explained. The evidently cognate Arm. <b class="b2">kamurǰ</b> [[bridge]] gives also unsurmountable problems if the word were IE. Beekes, Glotta ?? (2004), ??-?? follows Fur. 97 etc. in connecting Hattic [[hammuruwa]] [[beam]]. The word is an Anatolian loan (or Pre-Greek?). An original meaning [[beam]] fits all passages in Homer, and notably the expression <b class="b3">πολέμοιο γεφύρας</b>, where it has the same meaning as phalanx (`tree, beam'). The form with <b class="b3">-ι-</b> and <b class="b3">-ου-</b> point to Pre-Greek.