ὀφείλω: Difference between revisions

|Definition=impf. [[ὤφειλον]]; Ep. [[ὀφέλλω]] (also Aeol., ''IG''12(2).67.7 (Mytil.), and Arc., ib.5(2).343.27 (Orchom. Arc., iv B. C.)), impf. [[ὤφελλον]] or [[ὄφελλον]], v. infr. II. 2, 3 (the Att. or Ion. <b class="b3">ὀφείλετ', ὄφειλον</b> in Il.11.686, 688, 698, Hes.''Op.''174 is prob. due to the Copyists): <span class="bld">A</span> fut. ὀφειλήσω [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Cyropaedia|Cyr.]]''7.2.28, D.30.7, also [[ὀφειλέσω]] ''TAM''2.431, al.: aor. 1 ὠφείλησα [[Aristophanes|Ar.]]''[[The Birds|Av.]]''115, Th.8.5 (ἐπ-): pf. [[ὠφείληκα]]: plpf. -ήκειν D.45. 33: aor. 2 [[ὤφελον]] (v. infr. 11.2, 3):—Pass., aor. part. [[ὀφειληθείς]] Th. 3.63. (Cret. [[ὀφήλω]] ''GDI''5015.21, written ὀπέλο ''Leg.Gort.''10.20, al., Arc. [[ὀφέλλω]] (v. supr.) and ὀφήλω ''SIG''306.40 (Tegea, iv B. C.): in early Att. Inscrr. written both ὀφελ -IG 12.91.8, al., and <b class="b3">ὀφειλ-</b> ib.109.9, al.):—[[owe]], [[have to pay for]] or [[have to account for]], τὸ καὶ μοιχάγρι' ὀφέλλει Od.8.332; <b class="b3">ὅτι μοι.. ζωάγρι' ὀφέλλεις</b> ib.462; χρεῖος, τό ῥά οἱ πᾶς [[δῆμος]] ὄφελλεν 21.17; πολέσιν γὰρ Ἐπειοὶ χρεῖος ὄφειλον Il.11.688; ζημίην ὀ. τῷ θεῷ [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]3.52, etc.: metaph., μητέρα μοι ζώουσαν ὀφέλλετε Call.''Fr.'' 126; [[τί ὀφείλω]]; [[what do I owe]]? Ar.''Nu.''21; <b class="b3">ὀ. ἀργύριον, χρέα</b>, Id.''Av.'' 115, ''Nu.''117; ὀ. ἢ θεῷ θυσίας ἢ ἀνθρώπῳ χρήματα [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Republic|R.]]'' 331b; <b class="b3">ὀ. τινὶ δρᾶν τι</b> ib.332a: c. dat. only, <b class="b3">ὀ. τινί</b> to [[be debtor]] to another, Ar.''Nu.'' 1135, ''Lys.''581, etc.; τρίτον δὲ χαίρειν, εἶτ' ὀ. μηδενί Philem.163: abs., to [[be in debt]], Ar.''Nu.''485, etc.; οἱ [[ὀφείλοντες]] = [[debtors]], [[Aristotle|Arist.]]''[[Nicomachean Ethics|EN]]''1167b21, Plu.2.832a:—Pass., to [[be due]], <b class="b3">ἔνθα χρεῖός μοι ὀφέλλεται</b> ([[varia lectio|v.l.]] [[ὀφείλεται]]) Od.3.367; [[χρεῖος]] ὀφείλετο Il.11.686, 698; ἢν.. ὀφείληταί τί μοι Ar.''Nu.''484; μισθὸς τοῖς στρατιώταις ὠφείλετο X.''An.''1.2.11, etc.; [[τὸ ὀφειλόμενον]] a [[debt]], ib.7.7.34; ὀφειλόμενα ἀποδιδόντες [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]5.99, cf. Simon. ap. [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Republic|R.]]'' 331e.<br><span class="bld">2</span> metaph., ὀ. μέλος τινί Pi.''O.''10(11).3; πολλὰ δώμασιν καλά E.''HF''287; <b class="b3">ὀ. χάριν</b>, v. [[χάρις]] 1.2; Ἀπόλλωνι χαριστήρια [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Cyropaedia|Cyr.]]''7.2.28; τὴν ψυχὴν πᾶσιν Ael.''VH''10.5:—Pass., ὀφείλεταί τινι ἐκ θεῶν κλέος A.''Fr.''315; ὀ. τινὶ εὐεργεσία Th.1.137; ἀντὶ χαρίτων ἔχθραι ὀ. [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Cyropaedia|Cyr.]]''4.5.32; τοῖς μὲν ἐχθροῖς βλάβην ὀ., τοῖς δὲ φίλοις ὠφελίαν Pl. ''R.''335e, cf. 332b; <b class="b3">τοὐφειλόμενον πράσσουσα Δίκη</b> [[what is due]], A.''Ch.'' 310.<br><span class="bld">3</span> as a legal term, to [[be bound to render]], εὐθύνας ὤφειλον And. 1.73 codd. (f.l. for [[ὦφλον]]): hence, like [[ὀφλισκάνω]], [[incur]] a [[penalty]], [[ζημία]]ν Lys.9.10; διπλῆν τὴν βλάβην Id.1.32, cf. E.''Andr.''360; τὴν τοιαύτην δίκην [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Leges|Lg.]]''909a, cf. 774b, 774d, 844e, D.21.77; ἁμαρτίαν ὀ. Μηνὶ Τυράννῳ ''IG''3.74.15 (ii/iii A. D.).<br><span class="bld">4</span> in Pass., of persons, to [[be due]] or [[liable to]], θανάτῳ πάντες ὀφειλόμεθα Simon.122, cf. [[LXX]] ''Wi.''12.20, ''IG''3.1381; but τοιαύταις χερσὶν ὀφειλόμεθα [[our help is due]], AP9.283 (Crin.).<br><span class="bld">II</span> c. inf., to [[be bound]], to [[be obliged]] to do, <b class="b3">ὀφέλλετε ταῦτα πένεσθαι</b> [[ye are bound]], [[ye ought to]]... Il.19.200, cf. [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]1.41,42, al., E.''Alc.''682, 712, etc.; and of things, [[ought]] to be, ὁ λόγος οὐκ ἀκριβῶς ὀ. λέγεσθαι [[Aristotle|Arist.]]''[[Nicomachean Ethics|EN]]''1104a2:—Pass., δράσαντι γάρ τοι καὶ παθεῖν ὀφείλεται A.''Fr.''456; <b class="b3">σοὶ τοῦτ' ὀφείλεται παθεῖν</b> [[it is]] thy [[destiny]] to... S.''Ph.'' 1421, cf. ''El.''1173; ὡς πᾶσιν ἡμῖν κατθανεῖν ὀφείλεται E.''Alc.''419, cf. 782, ''Or.''1245, Lys.25.11; v. supr.1.4.<br><span class="bld">2</span> in this signf. Ep. impf. [[ὤφελλον]] or [[ὄφελλον]] and aor. ὤφελον or [[ὄφελον]] are used of that which one has not, but [[ought to have]], done ([[ought]] being the pret. of [[owe]]), ὤφελεν ἀθανάτοισιν εὔχεσθαι Il.23.546; νῦν ὄφελεν πονέεσθαι λισσόμενος 10.117, cf. Od.4.472.<br><span class="bld">3</span> these tenses are also used, followed by pres. or aor. inf., in wishes that something were or had been in present or past, <b class="b3">ἀνδρὸς.. ὤφελλον ἀμείνονος εἶναι ἄκοιτις</b> I [[ought to]] be... [[would]] [[that]] I were..! Il.6.350; <b class="b3">τὴν ὄφελ' ἐν νήεσσι κατακτάμεν Ἄρτεμις</b> [[would that]] Artemis had slain her!, Il.19.59, cf. Od.4.97; τιμήν πέρ μοι ὄφελλεν Ὀλύμπιος ἐγγυαλίξαι Il.1.353: freq. preceded by [[εἴθε]] (Ep. [[αἴθε]]) <b class="b3">, ὡς, ὡς δή</b>, which express the wish still more strongly, <b class="b3">αἴθ' ὄφελες ἄγονός τ' ἔμεναι ἄγαμός τ' ἀπολέσθαι</b> O that thou hadst!, Il.3.40, cf. 1.415, etc.; αἴθ' ὤφελλες.. σημαίνειν 14.84; αἴθ' ὤφελλ' ὁ ξεῖνος.. ὀλέσθαι Od.18.401; αἴθ' ἅμα πάντες.. ὠφέλετε.. ἐπὶ νηυσὶ πεφάσθαι Il.24.254: with <b class="b3">ὡς, ὡς ὄφελον.. ἑλέσθαι</b> O that I had..!, 11.380; θανέειν Od.14.274; ὡς πρὶν ὤφελλον ὀλέσθαι Il.24.764, cf. Od.14.68; ὡς ὤφελες αὐτόθ' ὀλέσθαι Il.3.428; ὡς.. ὤφελες Od. 2.184; <b class="b3">ὡς ὄφελεν</b>.. Il.3.173, etc.: strengthened, <b class="b3">ὡς δὴ ἔγωγ' ὄφελον</b>.. Od.1.217: also with neg., <b class="b3">μὴ ὄφελες λίσσεσθαι</b>.. [[would]] thou hadst never..!, Il.9.698; ἣ μὴ ὤφελλε γενέσθαι 17.686; τὼ μὴ γείνασθαι ὄφελλον Od.8.312; ὡς μὴ ὤφελλε τεκέσθαι Il.22.481; ὡς δὴ μὴ ὄφελον νικᾶν Od.11.548.—So in Trag. and Att., [[ὤφελον]].. [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Oedipus Tyrannus|OT]]''1157; [[ὤφελες]].. Ar.''Th.''865; [[ὤφελε]].. [[Aeschylus|A.]]''[[Prometheus Vinctus|Pr.]]''48, X.''An.''2.1.4, etc.: also, as in Ep., <b class="b3">εἴθ' ὤφελες</b>.. S.''El.''1021; <b class="b3">εἴθ' ὤφελ'</b>.. Ar.''Nu.''41, etc.; <b class="b3">εἰ γὰρ ὤφελον</b>.. Id.''Ec.''380, [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Republic|R.]]'' 432c, ''Cri.''44d; <b class="b3">ὡς ὤφελες</b>.. Ar.''Ra.''955: with neg., μήποτ' ὤφελον S.''Ph.''969, E.''Alc.''880 (anap.), D.18.288; <b class="b3">ὡς μήποτ' ὤφελον</b>.. E.''Ion''286; ὡς μηδὲ νῦν ὤφελον D.21.78: without augm. in [[Herodotus|Hdt.]], <b class="b3">εἶδον.. τὸ μὴ ἰδεῖν ὄφελον</b> ([[varia lectio|v.l.]] [[ὤ-]]) 1.111, cf. 3.65: sometimes in Trag. (lyr. and anap.), <b class="b3">εἴθ' ὄφελε</b>.. [[Aeschylus|A.]]''[[The Persians|Pers.]]''915; [[ὄφελε]].. [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Ajax|Aj.]]'' 1192; <b class="b3">μήποτ' ὄφελον</b>.. E.''Med.''1413. (In this signf. [[ὤφειλον]] is used in late Ep., ὡς μὴ ὤφειλες [[ἱκέσθαι]] Q.S.5.194, but [[ὤφελλον]] should be read in Hes.''Op.''174 and [[ὤφελε]] in E.''IA''1291.)<br><span class="bld">b</span> with ind., ὤφελε μηδ' ἐγένοντο θοαὶ νέες Call.''Epigr.''19.1, cf. Q.S.10.378, etc.<br><span class="bld">c</span> [[ὄφελον]] (Adv. acc. to A.D.''Adv.''142.9, ''EM''643.48) in this signf.: c. acc. et inf., ὤμοι ἐγών, ὄφελόν με.. ὀλέσθαι Orph.''A.''1159: even with 2 pers. of Verb, ὄφελον ἐβασιλεύσατε ''1 Ep.Cor.''4.8, cf. ''2 Ep.Cor.''11.1, ''Ep.Gal.''5.12, ''Apoc.''3.15, [[LXX]] ''Jb.''14.13, Ath.4.156a; ὄφελον δυνήσῃ Luc.''Sol.''1 (as a solecism): with 3 pers., Arr.''Epict.''2.18.15, D.Chr.38.47: with ''1'' pers. pl., ὄφελον ἀπεθάνομεν [[LXX]] ''Ex.''16.3; [[ὤφελον]] (sic) εἰ ἐδυνάμεθα πέτασθαι ''PGiss.''17.10 (ii A. D.): c. inf., <b class="b3">ὄφελομ μὲν ἡ θεὸς.. στερῆσαι</b>.. ''OGI''315.16 (Pessinus, ii B. C.).<br><span class="bld">III</span> impers. [[ὀφείλει]], [[it behoves]], c. acc. et inf., Pi.''N.''2.6; <b class="b3">ὄφελλέ με μήτε.. εἰσοράαν κτλ</b>. A.R.3.678: so pers. in part., abs., <b class="b3">αἱ ὀφείλουσαι ἱερουργίαι τῶν θεῶν</b> the [[due]] services of the gods, ''PTeb.''294.24 (ii A. D.); κατὰ τὸν ὀφείλοντα καιρόν Sor.1.79. ([[ὦφλον]], [[ὤφληκα]], aor. and pf. of [[ὀφλισκάνω]], were prob. orig. aor. and pf. of [[ὀφείλω]]: [[ὄφελον]] in signf. II. 3c may be orig. neut. part. of [[ὤφελε]] (signf. ''III'') with omission of [[ἐστί]].)